成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的总结成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊治经验。方法回顾分析96例（98侧）肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的检查、治疗结果,96例患者分别通过B超、尿路造影、CT、磁共振尿路成像（MRU）检查明确诊断。共行手术98例次,其中行Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术76例次,单纯纤维索带松解术3例,异位血管切断肾盂复位术3例,异位血管悬吊术1例,肾盂Y-V成形术8例,腹腔镜离段式肾盂成形术2例,肾切除术5例。结果本组除5例肾切除者外,余91例（93侧）均于术后3～24个月复查,5例发生再狭窄,再次行Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术而治愈,总治愈率94.8%。结论Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术是治疗成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的首选术式,腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术疗效确切。     

成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的 总结成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊治经验.方法 回顾分析96例(98侧)肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的检查、治疗结果,96例患者分别通过B超、尿路造影、CT、磁共振尿路成像(MRU)检查明确诊断.共行手术98例次,其中行Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术76例次,单纯纤维索带松解术3例,异位血管切断肾盂复位术3例,异位血管悬吊术1例,肾盂Y-V成形术8例,腹腔镜离段式肾盂成形术2例,肾切除术5例.结果 本组除5例肾切除者外,余91例(93侧)均于术后3～24个月复查,5例发生再狭窄,再次行Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术而治愈,总治愈率94.8%.结论 Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术是治疗成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的首选术式,腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术疗效确切.     

离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的疗效观察

目的总结肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的诊治体会。方法分析36例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的临床资料。其中肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄21例,肾盂输尿管高位连接8例,迷走血管压迫4例,纤维索压迫3例。采用离断式肾盂成形术,术中置双J管引流。结果术后随访12~64个月,平均36个月,分别行B超I、VP检查,有32例(88.9%)肾积水消失或明显减轻,3例(8.3%)无明显变化,1例(2.8%)积水加重。结论离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻疗效显著。     

小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊治体会(附20例报告)

目的　总结肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻引起小儿先天性肾积水的诊治体会。方法　回顾性分析 2 0例由肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻引起小儿先天性肾积水的临床资料。结果　术前诊断符合率 90 % ,手术治愈率 95 %。结论　B超、CT及静注尿路造影 (IVU)为肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻引起的先天性肾积水的主要诊断方法 ;Anderson -Hynes肾盂成形术是治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的有效方法     

Anderson-Hynes离断性肾盂成形术治疗新生儿肾盂、输尿管连接部梗阻疗效观察

目的评价Anderson-Hynes离断性肾盂成形术(Anderson-Hynes disarticulation of pyeloplasty)治疗新生儿期肾盂、输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)的疗效。方法选取2005年1月至2010年12月于本院诊断为新生儿期肾盂、输尿管连接部梗阻致患侧重度肾积水,而行Anderson-Hynes离断性肾盂成形术治疗的10例新生儿为研究对象。纳入标准:产前超声诊断结果示胎儿患侧重度肾积水,生后超声检查结果示患侧肾影增大,并重度肾积水,肾盂分离值为(2.6~5.7)cm,肾皮质厚度为(2~7)mm;增强CT及三维重建尿路成像(three-di mensional i maging of urinarytract)结果示患侧输尿管不显影,患侧肾显影明显延迟,肾盂重度积水;单光子发射计算体层摄影(singlephoton emission computed tomography,SPECT)结果示,患侧肾功能<35%;血肌苷、尿素氮结果均正常。Anderson-Hynes离断性肾盂成形术后约5d拔除肾周引流管,术后10d拔除输尿管支架管。术后2周经肾造瘘管X射线造影显示肾盂、输尿管吻合口通畅,将肾造瘘管夹闭24h,若无异常,则将其拔除。术后定期复查肾脏超声(本研究遵循的程序符合本院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象监护人的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书)。结果 10例患儿手术均成功。患侧肾盂前、后径值逐渐减小,肾皮质增厚,肾盂、输尿管连接部吻合口通畅。复查血肌苷、尿素氮均正常。结论新生儿肾盂、输尿管连接部梗阻致患侧重度肾积水宜尽早手术治疗。Anderson-Hynes离断性肾盂成形术是治疗新生儿肾盂、输尿管连接部梗阻的有效方法之一。     

腰部小切口离断性肾盂成形术治疗婴幼儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床疗效

目的探讨腰部小切口离断性肾盂成形术治疗婴幼儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床疗效。方法选取我院2009年10月至2013年10月间收治的220例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患儿作为研究对象,按治疗方式分为两组各110例,研究组采用腰部小切口离断性肾盂成形术进行治疗,对照组采用腰部常规切口离断性肾盂成形术进行治疗。随访1年,比较两组患儿的临床疗效。结果两组的治疗总有效率、手术时间以及术中出血量比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。研究组的手术切口长度显著短于对照组,家属满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组近期并发症的总发生率为6.36%,显著低于对照的18.81%(P<0.05)。结论采用腰部小切口离断性肾盂成形术治疗婴幼儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻和常规切口一样安全有效,而且手术切口更小,美容效果更佳。     

手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的疗效

目的　探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术治疗效果。方法　总结 1980 - 2 0 0 3年手术治疗成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻 2 18例 2 4 9侧的效果。结果　最常见的病因是肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄和狭窄伴扭曲共 134例 16 0侧、输尿管高位附着肾盂 31例 35侧、横过血管压迫 4 1例 4 2侧、外在纤维组织压迫 12例。各种肾盂成形术 177例 2 0 8侧 ,成功 196侧 (94 .2 % ) ;黏连松解 7例 ,成功 3例 (42 .9% ) ;肾切除 34例。结论　对肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻 ,无论是交界处狭窄还是外在血管或纤维组织压迫 ,选用离断性肾盂成形术效果最佳。     

经后腹膜径路腹腔镜在小儿离断性肾盂成形术中的应用

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下行离断性肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部（UPJ）梗阻的临床应用.方法 对11例诊断为肾盂输尿管连接部（UPJ）梗阻的患者施行后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术.结果 11例手术全部成功.手术时间2.5～4.5（3±0.6）h.出血量约60～100（80±15）ml.1例发生术后尿漏,术后一周拔除伤口引流管后消失.1例出现膀胱输尿管返流,再次留置导尿管,抗炎对症处理后症状缓解.术后随访3～24（9±6.21）个月,静脉肾盂造影检查示UPJ吻合口无狭窄,肾积水明显改善.结论 经后腹膜径路腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术是治疗小儿UPJ梗阻安全、有效的方法,既可替代开放性手术,又无需特殊手术设备,值得推广应用.     

离断性肾盂成形术双J管内引流治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的:探讨离断性肾盂成形术双J管内引流治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的临床疗效.方法:采用离断性肾盂成形术治疗先天性肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄32例共35侧,常规采用双J管作支架内引流,术后1个月拔除双J管,3个月行静脉肾盂造影复查.结果:患肾积水好转,吻合口通畅,尿常规检查无严重尿路感染.结论:离断性肾盂成形术是治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的有效方法,术中使用双J管能减少术后再狭窄的发生,提高手术的成功率.     

9例UPJO术后并发症临床分析

目的分析肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)术后并发症的原因。方法对1997~2004年本院收治的肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)病人125例中9例输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)术后并发症的临床资料进行分析。结果9例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)术后并发症中,术后感染6例,术后出血1例,吻合口狭窄1例,尿瘘1例。结论全面的术前分析,细致的手术操作和准确的术后处理,是防止肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)术后并发症的关键。     

输尿管镜钬激光内切开与后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的疗效比较

目的比较经尿道输尿管镜钬激光内切开与后腹腔镜下肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)的疗效。方法 33例UPJO患者按照治疗方法分为输尿管镜组(20例)和后腹腔镜组(13例),比较各项数据。结果两组均无中转开放手术,输尿管镜组手术时间(39.3±7.4)min、术中出血(9.1±6.3)ml、术后住院时间(3.8±1.3)d、平均住院费用(8 937)元;后腹腔镜组手术时间(210.7±30.7)min、术中出血(55.1±17.9)ml、术后住院时间(7.3±2.1)d、平均住院费用(25 477)元,两组间在手术时间、术中出血、术后住院时间、平均住院费用方面差异均有统计学意义。结论输尿管镜钬激光内切开治疗UPJO具有操作更简单、创伤更小、术后恢复更快、花费更低的优势。后腹腔镜肾盂成形术更适合UPJO狭窄段较长、重度肾积水、复杂病例等情况。     

小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻术中肾盂穿刺液细菌谱及药敏分析

目的通过了解小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻术中肾盂穿刺液细菌谱和药物敏感特点,以指导围手术期抗菌药物选择。方法回顾性分析医院1995年1月-2010年12月收治的小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻手术患儿262例,术中打开肾盂前常规用无菌注射器穿刺肾盂抽取尿液标本,进行细菌培养及药物敏感试验。结果 31例肾盂穿刺尿液培养阳性,阳性率为11.8%;病原菌中以革兰阴性杆菌为主,位于前3位的革兰阴性杆菌分别为大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属和奇异变形菌,分别占33.3%、19.4%、11.1%;大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属和奇异变形菌对氨苄西林、哌拉西林和第一、二代头孢菌素均有较高的耐药率,但对亚胺培南、呋喃妥因和阿米卡星高度敏感,对第三代头孢敏感率也较好;肠球菌属对青霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星高度耐药,对呋喃妥因和万古霉素高度敏感,对第三代头孢敏感率也较好。结论小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻细菌感染率不高,但对临床常用抗菌药物有较明显的耐药性,术中肾盂穿刺液细菌培养及药物敏感试验对围手术期抗菌药物的选择具有指导作用。     

腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术中配合输尿管镜取石效果观察

目的:分析并评价在腹腔镜肾盂切开取石手术中配合使用输尿管镜取石的临床应用效果。方法:对我院自2008年12月至2010年11月期间收治的26例肾盂结石伴肾盏结石以及肾盂多发结石病人,通过联合应用腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术与输尿管镜取石术方法实施治疗。结果:全部26例病人取石手术均获得成功,手术用时54～145min,平均用时82±15min;术中出血量为18～49m1,平均出血量为26±5ml;病人术后发生漏尿2～8d。术后通过复查腹部平片显示全部病人均无残石。结论:采用腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术的临床疗效较为确切,对病人的损伤小,术后能够快速恢复,而且术中配合使用输尿管镜进行取石能够显著降低术后残石的发生率。     

Simultaneous bilateral pyeloplasties.

A technique is described which gives excellent results in the treatment of unilateral hydronephorsis and allows for simultaneous bilateral pyeloplasties. The advantages for the patients with bilateral hydronephrosis are a single admission to hospital and a single anaesthetic and operative procedure. The exposure is superior to that achieved by a loin incision, allowing the surgeon to perform the pyeloplasties more rapidly and with less traction on the renal vessels. Over a follow-up period of 1-7 years no subsequent pyeloplasty or nephrectomy has been required and all 11 patients are well and symptom free.     

Changing from single-drug to fixed-dose combinations: experience from Fiji

Background: Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs were introduced in Fiji in 2011, and there have been concerns about treatment response.Objective: To evaluate the treatment response to FDCs among tuberculosis (TB) patients.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken of treatment outcomes of new TB cases registered from January 2010 to April 2013 and weighing ⩾30 kg. Sputum smear conversion of new sputum smear-positive cases and end-of-treatment outcomes of all cases were evaluated for those receiving FDCs and compared to outcomes with previous use of single-drug preparations.Results: Among new TB patients, 240 received single-drug preparations and 259 received FDCs for the full duration of treatment. The groups were similar in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. Treatment outcomes were available for 95% of cases. Unknown outcomes were more common in those receiving FDCs. When known, end-of-treatment outcome was the same in the two treatment groups and did not differ between TB types. Sputum smear conversion after the 2-month intensive phase of treatment was similar in the two treatment groups: 95% and 97%, respectively.Conclusion: The introduction of FDCs in Fiji for the treatment of TB cases has not been associated with changes in treatment response.     

A boy with cyclic vomiting and an alleged furosemide allergy on the basis of a subpelvic stenosis

An 8-year-old boy, known with a Diamond-Blackfan anaemia, was admitted to the hospital because of frequent vomiting since 3 days and loin pain. In previous years, he had been admitted several times for the same complaints but no cause had been identified. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen performed at admittance showed dilatation of the left renal pelvis. A renal scintigraphy was discussed with the mother, and she refused the injection of furosemide, because her son was allegedly allergic to furosemide: previous furosemide treatments during blood transfusions for his anaemia had always resulted in stomach-ache and vomiting, which may be attributed, however, to an acute dilatation of the renal pelvis due to the diuretic effect of furosemide. Scintigraphy without furosemide showed a significant obstruction and asymmetric renal function, so a pyeloplasty was performed after which he has been symptom-free. In patients with cyclic vomiting, an intermittent uretero-pelvic junction obstruction should be considered and can only be ruled out when ultrasound during the complaints and renal scintigraphy under adequate hydration and after furosemide are normal.     

微创治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效分析

目的:对高血压脑出血病患者的临床治疗效果进行探讨,采用微创手术的治疗方法。方法:针对2010年上半年至2011年上半年在我院接受微创手术治疗的50例高血压脑出血患者进行回顾性的分析,根据头颅CT影像的定位,选取YL-1型的一次性穿刺颅内血肿手术治疗,就病患的血肿加以抽吸、液化、冲洗以及引流等。结果:给予所有患者微创手术治疗后,血肿在3至6天内大体消失。50例患者的临床疗效显示:15例治愈出院,20例病情显著好转,10例病情得到缓解,5例治疗无效,总有效率为90%。结论:微创颅内血肿的清除手术是一项操作较为简便,给患者带来损伤较小的技术,用来治疗高血压脑出血患者,其的临床疗效较为显著,是一种有效的治疗方法,值得在医疗实践中推广使用。     

Acute otomastoidïtis in children, about 44 cases

BACKGROUND: Acute mastoiditis with ostertis is secondary to bacteria involving mastoid cavities AIM: Describe the epidemiologic aspects MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1990 and 2003, we listed 44 files of children hospitalized for acute mastoiditis. The treatment was in any case medical associated to a surgical treatment in 30 cases. RESULTS: The age of our patients was consisted between 2 months and 14 years with an average is 2 years. The sex ratio of patient was 1,1. 29 patients didn't have any antecedents particular O.R.L, 8 patients were followed for otitis middle chronic and 7 had an cholestéatomateuse. The auricular old-fashioned swelling was the most frequent functional sign. A scanner has been achieved in 13 cases. The treatment was médico-surgical in 30 cases is 68,8% and an only antibiothérapie in 14 cases is 31,8%.