The effect of the social organization of work on the voluntary turnover rate of hospital nurses in the United States.

In light of current concerns over nursing shortages and productivity, voluntary turnover among hospital nurses in the United States has assumed renewed importance as a managerial issue. This study examines the thesis that the social organization of work in hospitals is an important determinant of the voluntary turnover rate among registered nurses. This perspective differs from previous work in this area in that both turnover and its determinants are conceptualized at the organizational rather than individual level, thus opening the way for administrative intervention to reduce turnover. The conceptual model is tested using multiple regression techniques on a sample of 435 hospitals. Results suggest that organizational characteristics and environmental conditions are important contributors to turnover. Organizational characteristics are stronger predictors of turnover than are economic factors.     

Work environment issues and intention-to-leave in Portuguese nurses: A cross-sectional study

This study extends the Registered Nurses Forecasting (RN4CAST) study evidence base with newly collected data from Portuguese nurses working in acute care hospitals, in which the measurement of the quality of work environment, workload and its association with intention-to-leave emerge as of key importance. Data included surveys of 2235 nurses in 144 nursing units in 31 hospitals via stratified random sampling. Multilevel multivariate regression analysis shows that intention-to-leave is higher among nurses with a specialty degree, nurses aged 35–39, and in nursing units where nurses are less satisfied with opportunities for career advancement, staffing levels and participation in hospital affairs. Analysis with moderation effects showed the observed effect of age and of having a specialty degree on intention-to-leave during the regression analysis is reduced in nursing units where nurses are more satisfied with opportunities for career advancement. The most important finding from the study suggests that promoting retention strategies that increase satisfaction with opportunities for career advancement among Portuguese nurses has the potential to override individual characteristics associated with increased turnover intentions.     

Relationship between turnover and periodic health check-up data among Japanese hospital nurses: a three-year follow-up study

The present study explored the relationship between turnover and periodic health check-up data among Japanese hospital nurses. The subjects were 379 registered nurses in a Japanese hospital and the duration of our study period was three years. By the proportional hazard model, we investigated the relative risks (RRs) of the turnover rate associated with the following: lifestyles (irregularity of meals, taking breakfast), work environment (working hours, work schedule), and health status (body mass index [BMI], serum total cholesterol [T-cho], taking medication, sleep disturbance). We obtained the data on turnover from October, 1997 to September, 2000. During the observed period we were able to follow up on 363 female nurses (96%) and the turnover total amongst them was 100. We divided the subjects into a younger (21-25-yr-old) and an older (>25-yr-old) group because of the interaction between age and turnover. In the younger group, we found that sleep disturbance influenced turnover significantly. On the other hand, in the older nurses, BMI and T-cho contributed to turnover significantly. Our results imply the possibility of a partial association between turnover and periodic health check-up data among the nurses.     

A quasi-experimental study on a quality circle program in a Taiwanese hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of quality circles on job satisfaction, absenteeism, and turnover among hospital nurses in Taiwan. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental research design. SETTING: In November 1995, a study was initiated to establish quality circles in a 500-bed community hospital in Taiwan. After the administrative process and a pilot study, three of the experimental units began implementing the quality circle program in January 1997. For the comparison group, three non-quality circle medical-surgical units were selected from another building. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: All registered nurses on the three selected units who met the criteria of having worked full-time on those units for > or = 6 months were included in the study. There were 53 full-time registered nurses (49 female, four male) who met the criteria and 100% participated. There were no significant differences between the quality circle group and the non-quality circle group in terms of sex, age, and number of years of working experience, education or marital status. INTERVENTIONS: After obtaining administrative approval and support, the pilot study began with 3-month quality circle courses and 3-month quality circle process training for the experimental group nurses. Each circle has been meeting for 1 hour each week to identify problems, barriers, and solutions for effective implementation since 1997. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (i) Demographic data questionnaire; (ii) Stamps and Piedmont's Index of Work Satisfaction; (iii) hospital records for absenteeism and turnover data. RESULTS: The data reveal that nurses of the three quality circle units felt more satisfied (P < 0.01) than did nurses from the three non-participating units. In the non-participating group, 36% had considered leaving the units, compared to 10% of nurses from the quality circle group. The turnover rate was significantly higher for the non-participating group (40%) than for the quality circle group (13%). CONCLUSION: This quality circle program in a Taiwanese hospital significantly improved satisfaction, reduced absenteeism, and lowered turnover of nurses. The findings support other studies reported in the literature.     

北京市某综合医院合同制护士离职分析及对策建议

目的 分析2008-2015年离职合同制护士信息,为合理规划护理资源、制定稳定护士队伍政策提供参考论据.方法 收集某医院2008-2015年离职护理人员信息,分析其性别、年龄、工作年限、学历、职称等相关信息.结果 合同制离职护士平均工作时间3.05±2.12年,离职率显著高于编制护士;中专学历的离职率低于大专和本科的离职率;离职合同制护士以初级职称为主,53.19%的职称是护师;外科系统合同制护士离职率最高;城区和外地护士离职率高于远郊.结论 护理队伍离职率高影响医疗质量,不利于医院护理队伍稳定性;合同制护士压力大、待遇低、职业发展难,是合同制护士离职率高的主要原因之一;医院应加强研究制定应对预案,以保证医疗水平和质量.     

Job satisfaction and turnover intent among hospital social workers in the United States

Feelings of job satisfaction and turnover intentions among social workers affect work quality for both social workers and the people for whom they provide services. Existing literature on job satisfaction among hospital social workers is limited, and is overly focused on issues of compensation. There is job satisfaction research with hospital nurses available for comparison. Other informative social work research on job satisfaction and turnover exists in mental health and generally, across settings. Research on turnover intent in social work is primarily from child welfare settings and may not generalize. The literature notes gaps and contradictions about predictors of job satisfaction and turnover intent. Using a large national dataset of hospital social workers, this research clarifies and fills gaps regarding hospital social workers, and explores how Herzberg’s theory of work can clarify the difference between sources of job dissatisfaction and job satisfaction. Findings include hospital social workers reporting high job satisfaction and that demographics do not contribute to the predictive models. The findings do support centralized social work departments and variety in the job functions of hospital social workers, and are consistent with the theoretical framework.     

神经内科护士工作士气现状分析

目的 研究神经内科护士工作士气现状及影响因素,为制定护理质量改进措施提供依据。方法 采用士气量表和自我效能感量表,对四川省441名神经内科护士进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果 工作士气总均分为4.82±0.84分,处于中等水平。自我效能感、职业满意度、健康状况、职称和医院等级为影响工作士气的主要因素（F=21.522;P＜0.001）。结论 神经内科护士工作士气有待提升。卫生行政部门和医院管理者应重视护士工作士气的评价与研究,从环境、组织和个人等层面采取有效措施提高护士工作士     

“后疫情时期”武汉市某三甲医院护理人员创伤后应激障碍、职业倦怠与离职倾向分析

  目的  分析“后疫情时期”护理人员创伤后应激障碍、职业倦怠情况和离职倾向。
  方法  便利抽取武汉市某三甲医院护理人员299名,采用一般资料问卷、创伤后应激障碍量表平民版（PCL-C）、职业倦怠量表（MBI）、护士离职倾向量表（TIQ）调查护理人员的人口学特征及创伤后应激障碍、职业倦怠与离职意愿情况,采用多元线性回归分析护理人员离职倾向的影响因素。
  结果  护理人员创伤后应激障碍阳性症状检出率为39.1%。职业倦怠量表中,87.2%的护理人员存在不同程度的情感耗竭,82.6%的护理人员存在不同程度的去人格化,83.9%的护理人员存在不同程度的个人成就感低下。护士离职倾向量表得分显示,25.8%的护理人员离职倾向较低,60.2%的离职倾向较高,13.0%的离职倾向很高。多元线性回归结果显示:工作年限、用工类型、情感耗竭、去人格化能够解释护士离职倾向的27.9%,其中工作年限越长、合同制的护理人员有较低的离职倾向;情感耗竭与去人格化对离职倾向有正向影响（调整R2=0.279,F=29.891,P < 0.01）。
  结论  该三甲医院护理人员存在创伤后应激障碍和职业倦怠,且离职倾向较高;创伤后应激障碍与职业倦怠是离职倾向的影响因素。护理管理部门应该关注护士的身心健康,及时给予心理干预,注重人文关怀。
     

Certified sick leave as a non-specific morbidity indicator: a case-referent study among nurses.

A case-referent study assessed the association between medically certified sick leave from work and some occupational characteristics--namely, two work load indices (nurse patient ratio and patients' average duration of stay) and hospital and care unit. Study participants were nurses from seven general hospitals in Québec City who had been employed for at least six months at the time of study. Cases (n = 184) experienced at least one episode of medically certified sick leave for a diagnosis "most likely to be related to work load" between 1 January 1984 and 31 May 1987. Referents (n = 1165) were chosen from subjects who had no such leave, whatever the medical reason, and were matched to cases by the incidence density sampling method. Occupational data were collected from employment records and administrative files. Analysis was by multiple logistic regression. Significant associations were found between sick leave and nurse-patient ratio among head nurses, patient's duration of stay, and one hospital. Sick leave was more frequent among full time permanent nurses and among those on night and evening schedules. These associations were independent of age, duration of service in this hospital or in the actual job assignment, and care unit. This study supports the relevance of using sick leave as a non-specific indicator of health out-comes.     

Certified sick leave as a non-specific morbidity indicator: a case-referent study among nurses.

A case-referent study assessed the association between medically certified sick leave from work and some occupational characteristics--namely, two work load indices (nurse patient ratio and patients' average duration of stay) and hospital and care unit. Study participants were nurses from seven general hospitals in Québec City who had been employed for at least six months at the time of study. Cases (n = 184) experienced at least one episode of medically certified sick leave for a diagnosis "most likely to be related to work load" between 1 January 1984 and 31 May 1987. Referents (n = 1165) were chosen from subjects who had no such leave, whatever the medical reason, and were matched to cases by the incidence density sampling method. Occupational data were collected from employment records and administrative files. Analysis was by multiple logistic regression. Significant associations were found between sick leave and nurse-patient ratio among head nurses, patient's duration of stay, and one hospital. Sick leave was more frequent among full time permanent nurses and among those on night and evening schedules. These associations were independent of age, duration of service in this hospital or in the actual job assignment, and care unit. This study supports the relevance of using sick leave as a non-specific indicator of health out-comes.     

Reducing employee turnover in hospitals: estimating the effects of hypothetical improvements in the psychosocial work environment

Objectives:Poor psychosocial work environments in hospitals are associated with higher employee turnover. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to identify and quantify which aspects of the psychosocial work environment have the greatest impact on one-year employee turnover rates within a hospital setting, both overall and within occupational groups.Methods:The study population included 24 385 public hospital employees enrolled in the Danish Well-being in Hospital Employees cohort in 2014. We followed the participants for one year and registered if they permanently left their workplace. Using baseline sociodemographic, workplace, and psychosocial work environment characteristics, we applied the parametric g-formula to simulate hypothetical improvements in the psychosocial work environment and estimated turnover rate differences (RD) per 10 000 employees per year and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results:Of the 24 385 participants, 2552 (10.5%) left the workplace during the one-year follow-up. Up to 44% of this turnover was potentially preventable through hypothetical improvements in the psychosocial work environment. The specific hypothetical improvements with the largest effects were in satisfaction with work prospects (RD -522 turnovers per 10 000 person-years, 95% CI -536– -508), general job satisfaction (RD -339, 95% CI -353– -325) and bullying (RD -200, 95% CI -214– -186). The potential for preventing turnover was larger for nurses than for physicians and other healthcare employees.Conclusions:Improvements in the psychosocial work environment may have great potential for reducing turnover among hospital staff, particularly among nurses.     

Improving Work Environment Perceptions for Nurses Employed in a Rural Setting

CONTEXT: Effective recruitment and retention of professional nurses is a survival strategy for health care facilities, especially in rural areas. PURPOSE: This study examines the use of the Individual Workload Perception Scale to measure nurse satisfaction by a small rural hospital in order to make positive changes in the work environment for nurses. METHODS: Baseline work environment perceptions of nurses employed in a rural Kentucky hospital were assessed using the Individual Workload Perception Scale, a validated 38-item instrument. Nurses reviewed the results and brainstormed on potential interventions to address areas of concern. The 4 interventions selected for implementation by the nursing staff included (1) implementation of a shared decision making or governance model; (2) enhanced role of licensed practical nurses within the organization; (3) augmentation of administrative support on night and weekend shifts; and (4) utilization of wireless communication devices. After implementation of the interventions, staff nurse perceptions were reassessed using the same tool. FINDINGS: The follow-up survey revealed improvements in all areas measured by the Individual Workload Perception Scale, with the greatest improvement in the perception of the work environment noted among night nurses. The increase in positive work environment perception among these nurses, with greater than or equal to 11 years of professional experience, was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Tools exist to support the development and evaluation of interventions to improve the work environment for nurses practicing in rural health care settings. By addressing issues of specific concern, both job satisfaction and retention of this talented pool of professionals can be enhanced.     

护理人员HIV职业暴露及感染HIV原因分析

目的分析护理人员HIV职业暴露后感染情况及部分感染HIV护理人员情况,为预防护理人员发生HIV感染提供依据。方法对某院2004年1月—2015年6月发生的HIV职业暴露的护理人员,及2001年1月—2015年12月在该院住院、门诊咨询或院外会诊的抗HIV阳性的护理人员及其配偶的HIV感染情况进行分析。结果 76例护理人员HIV职业暴露进行规范化处理及随访后均未发生HIV感染。13例感染HIV的护理人员中既往可能职业暴露感染3例,二十世纪九十年代输血感染5例,性传播感染4例(其中男护士同性性行为感染2例),感染途径不明1例;发生二次传播2例;目前存活9例。感染者多得到有效治疗并改为从事后勤工作。结论护理人员常发生HIV职业暴露,可能职业暴露感染均发生在未实施规范化管理的情况下,实施规范化管理可避免HIV职业暴露感染的发生。性传播(包括男男同性性行为)已成为护理人员感染HIV的重要途径。     

吉林省二级及以上医院护士健康科普知识掌握情况分析

目的 了解吉林省二级及以上医院的护士与其岗位相适应的健康科普知识掌握情况及其影响因素,为进一步推进吉林省医护人员健康科普工作的深入开展提供相关建议.方法 采用分层多阶段的抽样方法,抽取全省44家二级及以上的综合性医院作为调查医院,并从抽中的每家医院的内科、外科、妇科及其他科室按照1:1:1:0.75的比例随机抽取45名...     

Factors contributing to medical errors and incidents among hospital nurses --nurses' health, quality of life, and workplace predict medical errors and incidents--

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of medical incidents and errors among nurses with factors describing their lifestyle, health, and work environment. We analyzed questionnaires completed by 6,445 female hospital nurses engaged in shift work in Japanese hospitals with general wards of more than 200 beds. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk for medical incidents/errors was predicted by being under treatment, absence due to sickness in the past 6 months, workplace, break times during night shift, bodily pain, and role (emotional). These results indicate that to prevent the occurrence of medical incidents/errors, it is necessary to regard current/recent illness, bodily pain, and role (emotional) as a nurse's personal problems and break times during the night shift and workplace as administrative problems.     

Factors related to nurse retention and turnover: an updated study

How to attract and retain hospital registered nurses (RNs) has become a recurring theme discussed by hospital boards, administrators and physicians in the U.S. This study seeks to provide current data on this situation. The exploratory research effort consisted of 13 depth interviews with physicians in a major metropolitan area in the southeastern U.S. and less formal discussions with six hospital nurse administrators. The formal research effort involved hand-delivering questionnaires to nurse administrators for distribution to nurses in six hospitals in the same region. The principle reasons nurses change jobs fall into four categories: salary or benefits, convenience, work schedule, and job-related stress. After one or more hospital moves the nurses become more satisfied. Hospital administrators should institute motivational and hospital commitment programs to improve retention/reduce turnover, e.g., work schedule rotation, work responsibility rotation, team approaches to health care and award/recognition programs.