股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折的治疗

[目的]探讨股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折的有效治疗方法。[方法]采用切开复位骨折内固定病灶刮除植骨治疗股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折46例。[结果]随访1～5年,平均2.6年。术后复查X线片示:45例患者骨愈合时间6～18个月,平均13个月,骨折愈合无复发。1例骨折愈合后21个月复发,二期病灶刮除植骨,术后随访4年愈合良好未复发。[结论]应用切开复位骨折内固定病灶刮除植骨治疗股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折效果满意,并发症少。     

植骨内固定治疗成人股骨近端纤维结构不良的临床研究

目的探讨成人股骨颈纤维结构不良的手术治疗效果。方法采用病灶彻底刮除、自体和同种异体骨植骨、动力髋螺钉（DHS）／股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）内固定治疗13例成人股骨近端纤维结构不良，对治疗方式及术后疗效进行回顾性分析。结果所有患者术后早期不负重活动，平均3个月骨折愈合，随访18～48个月，症状缓解，X线片显示骨皮质增厚，病损植骨区内有结实的骨化；仅4例有部分骨吸收，无临床复发。结论彻底刮除病灶、带皮质的自体和同种异体骨植骨加DHS／PFN内固定是治疗成人股骨近端纤维结构不良可靠的方法，疗效满意。     

股骨近端骨纤维结构不良的外科治疗

目的 探讨股骨近端骨纤维结构不良(fibrous dysplasia,FD)的有效治疗方法.方法 2001年1月-2006年1月,收治57例股骨近端FD患者.男29例,女28例;年龄8～50岁,平均22岁.单侧55例,双侧2例.单骨型35例,多骨型22例.按Guille分型:A型34例,B型8例,C型8例,D型7例.股骨近端FD伴髋内翻畸形14例,颈干角55～100°,平均78°,股骨相对长度较对侧短缩2.0～4.5 cm,平均3.2 cm.病程4个月～lO年,平均2.3年.股骨近端病变范围小、骨强度佳者,采用单纯病变刮除、打压式同种异体植骨14例;病变范围大、骨强度不佳者,采用病变刮除、打压式同种异体骨植骨、内固定43例,其中伴髋内翻畸形者,同时行外翻或内移外翻截骨矫形术.结果 术后57例均获随访,随访时间6个月～5年,平均2.8年.2例单纯病变刮除打压式植骨A型患者术后复发,经再次病变刮除、植骨、重建钉内固定后治愈;1例病变刮除打压式植骨联合内固定A型患者动力髁螺钉内固定物松动,经更换为重建钉后治愈.植骨区术后3个月均有轻度骨吸收,10～14个月植骨区骨结构渐致密.股骨近端FD伴髋内翻畸形股骨力线均完全矫正,截骨面均达骨性愈合,髋内翻畸形的颈干角矫正为95～130°,平均122°,股骨相对长度矫正后较术前延长1.8～3.6 cm,平均2.7 cm.术后49例患者步态正常;3例扶单拐行走,5例不扶拐跛行.52例疼痛消失,5例A型疼痛明显减轻.结论 病变刮除、髓腔内打压式植骨可有效恢复骨量、促进骨愈合及防止病理性骨折;病变范围大或骨强度不佳者,须联合有效内固定:伴有髋内翻畸形者,应同时截骨恢复股骨生物力线.     

锁定加压接骨板治疗股骨远端良性骨肿瘤刮除植骨术后早期病理骨折的临床初步探讨

[目的]探讨锁定加压接骨板治疗股骨远端良性骨肿瘤刮除植骨术后早期病理骨折的临床疗效.[方法] 2006年3月～2010年3月,本科共收治11例股骨远端良性骨肿瘤刮除植骨术后早期病理骨折患者,男7例,女4例;年龄16 ～61岁,平均:42.7岁.原发肿瘤类型:内生软骨瘤2例;原发骨巨细胞瘤1例,软骨母细胞瘤4例,软骨粘液性纤维瘤3例,嗜酸性肉芽肿1例;自刮除植骨术后至发生骨折时间21～ 36 d,平均:22.3d.AO股骨远端骨折分类:均为A1型,均行锁定加压接骨板(locking compression plate,LCP)内固定+植骨术治疗.[结果]1例发生浅表伤口感染,1例术后腘静脉血栓,治疗后好转.所有患者未发生免疫排斥反应,骨折复位丢失,内固定松动、折断,再骨折,肿瘤复发,继发性关节炎等合并症.随访时间12 ～61个月,平均34.4个月.膝关节功能均恢复至正常活动范围,屈曲120.～ 135.,过伸0.～5.;MSTS下肢评分28～ 30分,平均28.9分.[结论]锁定加压接骨板能够满足对此类特殊骨折治疗的要求,特别是利用内固定支架的特性,固定后仍能完成充分植骨的操作,并尽可能的减少二次手术对局部骨折端组织的损伤.内固定力学性能合理,固定可靠,有助于骨折愈合和瘤腔植骨的修复,并可适当的进行早期功能练习,恢复膝关节功能,是治疗良性骨肿瘤刮除植骨术后早期病理骨折有效的内固定方法.     

股骨近端良性肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 通过对股骨近端良性肿瘤病例进行回顾性研究,总结肿瘤学和功能学结果,探讨其外科治疗方法及效果.方法 1998年5月-2006年6月我中心手术治疗股骨近端良性病变共88例,男性54例,女性34例,平均年龄28岁.疾病种类主要包括纤维异样增殖症、骨囊肿和骨巨细胞瘤.手术方式:3例仅接受活检,17例行肿瘤病灶外整块切除,68例行病灶内刮除;其中54例进行了内固定,12例接受人工关节假体置换.结果 平均随访58个月,9例囊内刮除病例(9/85,11.7%)出现局部复发,包括6例纤维异样增殖症,1例骨囊肿,1例动脉瘤样骨囊肿,1例骨巨细胞瘤;其中1例人工假体置换病例出现了深部感染,3例单纯病灶刮除、未行内固定患者出现术后骨折.术后MSTS93评分平均27.3分.结论 对股骨近端良性肿瘤进行适当的刮除植骨内固定通常可以达到较低的复发率和较好的功能.人工关节置换可用于侵袭性或反复复发病例.     

股骨近端纤维结构不良的手术治疗

目的：通过对股骨近端纤维结构不良病例进行回顾性研究,总结肿瘤学和功能学结果,探讨其治疗方法及效果。方法：2007年4月至2009年1月,收治15例股骨近端纤维结构不良患者,男9例,女6例;年龄16～32岁,平均25岁;单侧病变12例,双侧病变3例;单骨型12例,多骨型3例;病程2个月～16年,平均2年。股骨近端纤维结构不良伴髋内翻2例,颈干角分别为80°和100°,股骨长度较对侧短缩分别为5cm和3cm。所有患者采用病灶刮除、打压植骨（同种异体人工骨和/或自体髂骨）、内固定治疗,其中2例牧羊拐畸形者采用外翻截骨矫形术。结果：所有患者获随访,时间12～32个月,2例股骨近端牧羊拐畸形患者经截骨矫形后畸形矫正,颈干角恢复,股骨长度延长分别为4cm和3cm,术后4个月扶双拐下地行走。所有患者术后病变无复发及内固定物松动,植骨区术后3个月可见局部骨吸收,术后8～12个月植骨区骨愈合,疼痛消失,步态正常。结论：彻底刮除病灶、植骨及有效内固定是治疗股骨近端纤维结构不良的有效方法,对伴有牧羊拐畸形者应同时行外翻截骨以恢复髋关节功能。     

颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损

目的 :评价颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损的临床可行性。方法 :2013年1月至2016年1月治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损26例,均未发生病理性骨折,男12例,女14例;年龄8~62岁,平均34.2岁。病理结果:纤维结构不良11例,骨孤立性骨囊肿7例,骨巨细胞瘤3例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿3例,非骨化性纤维瘤1例,良性纤维组织细胞瘤1例。术前未进行病灶活组织检查,术后送慢病理,手术采取颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定。结果:26例均随访至恢复日常生活,随访时间8~42个月,平均25个月。参照骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)进行功能评估。术后末次复查股骨正侧位X线片,植骨边缘及植骨体部未见低密度影,植骨区骨愈合良好,所有患者未见复发及转移病灶,内固定物无松动、变形。髋关节功能恢复良好,所有患者无再骨折和畸形进展。结论:股骨近端肿瘤复发与病灶刮除植骨技术有关,刮除后采用化学、物理方法处理消灭残留的肿瘤细胞,利用此方法可以获得疾病的长期治愈,减少复发,恢复髋关节功能。     

青少年股骨近端大范围骨肿瘤样病变的手术治疗

目的：总结病灶次全切除或刮除混合骨移植内固定治疗青少年股骨近端大范围肿瘤样病变的近期疗效。方法：采用肿瘤次全切除或开窗病灶刮除自体髂骨和同种异体混合骨移植治疗29例青少年股骨大范围肿瘤样病变患者,其中骨纤维异样增殖症19例,骨囊肿10例。结果：术后随访1—5年,平均2年3个月,所有患者植骨愈合,1例骨纤维异样增殖症局限性复发,患肢功能均恢复正常,无感染和排斥反应发生,无内固定失败病例。结论：病灶次全切除或者开窗病灶刮除,采用自体和同种异体骨混合骨移植,同时给予坚强内固定治疗青少年股骨近端大范围肿瘤样病变,方法简单,骨量不受限制,关节功能恢复快且完全,复发率低。尽量彻底切除病灶、足量混合植骨、稳定固定和早期功能锻炼是促进骨愈合防止复发的关键。     

四肢骨巨细胞瘤的外科治疗

目的回顾性分析四肢骨巨细胞瘤不同手术方法的疗效。方法自1997年7月至2005年7月收治四肢骨巨细胞瘤128例，男65例，女63例；年龄17-64岁，平均32岁。股骨远端49例，股骨近端8例，胫骨近端37例，肱骨近端14例，桡骨11例，腓骨4例，跟骨2例，胫骨远端1例，尺骨1例，指骨1例。Campanacci分级Ⅰ级29例、Ⅱ级67例、Ⅲ级32例。根据肿瘤的不同部位、放射线分级及患者年龄，采取不同的手术方法。其中刮除后植骨或骨水泥填充37例，刮除后植骨内固定42例，腓骨代桡骨11例，瘤段切除人工关节置换33例，单纯切除不重建5例。结果随访期间未见严重并发症，3例出现切口渗液，3例出现假体迟发性感染。局部复发：刮除后植骨或骨水泥填充组5例（13．5％），刮除后植骨内固定组5例（11．9％），人工关节置换组2例（6．1％）。肺转移2例，均为肱骨近端骨巨细胞瘤，良、恶性各l例。1例股骨远端骨巨细胞瘤患者刮除术后10个月复发。结论对骨巨细胞瘤的治疗应根据肿瘤的部位、放射线分级及患者年龄采取不同的手术方法。囊内切除适合于CampanacciⅠ、Ⅱ级骨巨细胞瘤，符合肿瘤治疗原则，具有较好的术后功能、较低的局部复发率及术后并发症发生率。瘤段切除适合于Campanacci Ⅲ级骨巨细胞瘤，与囊内切除相比局部复发率低，但术后并发症发生率高，可用于切除后无须重建的肿瘤、大的侵袭性病变或复发的骨巨细胞瘤。     

股骨近端纤维结构不良的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨近端纤维结构不良的手术治疗方式。方法对19例股骨近端纤维结构不良的不同手术治疗方式及术后疗效进行回顾性分析。结果1例术后3d引流管口渗出血清样物质，加强抗感染、营养支持及换药处理后愈合。19例均获随访，时间13—58个月。复查X线片见缺损修复区内有新骨生成改变，骨折处骨愈合；1例术后20个月因外伤致股骨转子下内固定物旁骨折再次手术发现肿瘤复发，行再次刮除植骨内固定术后14个月愈合；除1例未行内固定的病例外，余患者术后患肢功能均得到良好恢复，8—12个月可弃拐行走。结论股骨近端纤维结构不良应积极手术治疗，在彻底刮除病变和充分植骨的基础上，强调内固定的应用。     

Osteogenesis after Bone and Bone Marrow Transplantation: II. The Initial Cellular Events Following Transplantation of Decalcified Allografis of Cancellous Bone

An experimental study was done in rabbits to investigate the fate of allogeneic iliac cancellous bone, both non-decalcified and decalcified with hydrochloric acid, transplanted to a muscular site for up to 14 days. Some of the treated allografts were impregnated with autologous bone marrow cells, obtained from the femoral medulla by aspiration, and each was compared with allografts alone. Combined myelo-osseous grafts produced bone after 7 to 8 days implantation, as did marrow autografts alone. In addition non-decalcified implants stimulated the production of multinucleated giant cells. Three different types of wash solution were used but these did not influence the cell population seen, nor the new bone formation. It is concluded that the critical events in bone formation after transplantation occur less than 8 days after the transplantation and that marrow cells have osteogenic capacity. This has relevance to the clinical aspects of bone grafting.     

Bone cement with reduced proportion of monomer in total hip arthroplasty: Preclinical evaluation and randomized study of 47 cases with 5 years' follow-up

Bone cement with reduced amount of monomer and low curing temperature may improve implant fixation due to reduced toxicity. We analyzed the mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of such a cement (Cemex Rx) using Palacos R as control. The in vivo performance of the 2 cements was also evaluated in a prospective randomized study of 47 hips, where either of the cement types was used to fixate Lubinus SP2 prostheses with the stem made of titanium alloy. Cemex Rx had a reduced tensile strength, probably because this cement was manually mixed, as recommended by the manufacturer. A standardized laboratory test showed lower curing temperature for Cemex, but measurements at 37° and with prechilled Palacos R and Cemex Rx, as in clinical work, showed no difference. In the clinical study radiostereometric measurements of cup and stem migration showed similar values in the 2 groups up to 5 years after the operation. The cement mantle was stable in both groups, but the stems migrated similarly inside the cement mantle regardless of the type of cement used. Proximal wear was low (0.04-0.05 mm/year) and tended to be lower in the Cemex group (p = 0.02). Aluminum and vanadium levels in serum increased 5 years after the operation, but no difference was noted between the 2 groups. Collagen markers (PICP, ICTP) showed similar increases in bone turnover 6 weeks and 6 months after operation in both groups.     

感染性骨缺损的治疗及研究进展

感染性骨缺损由于存在感染及骨缺损双重病变,治疗棘手,疗程长,且易出现肌肉萎缩、局部瘢痕而致肢体功能受到严重影响.近年来随着外固定技术、显微外科技术、生物材料技术及骨组织工程技术等的发展,感染性骨缺损的治疗取得明显进步,短缩了治疗时间,且效果显著,笔者对其研究进展综述如下.     

重组合异种骨植骨修复骨囊肿所致骨缺损

2001年10月～2003年9月,笔者共收治28例骨囊肿患者,均采用病灶刮除,瘤腔灭活和重组合异种骨植骨治疗,获得满意疗效,体会如下。     

Building better bone: The weaving of biologic and engineering strategies for managing bone loss

Segmental bone loss remains a challenging clinical problem for orthopaedic trauma surgeons. In addition to the missing bone itself, the local tissues (soft tissue, vascular) are often highly traumatized as well, resulting in a less than ideal environment for bone regeneration. As a result, attempts at limb salvage become a highly expensive endeavor, often requiring multiple operations and necessitating the use of every available strategy (autograft, allograft, bone graft substitution, Masquelet, bone transport, etc.) to achieve bony union. A cost‐sensitive, functionally appropriate, and volumetrically adequate engineered substitute would be practice‐changing for orthopaedic trauma surgeons and these patients with difficult clinical problems. In tissue engineering and bone regeneration fields, numerous research efforts continue to make progress toward new therapeutic interventions for segmental bone loss, including novel biomaterial development as well as cell‐based strategies. Despite an ever‐evolving literature base of these new therapeutic and engineered options, there remains a disconnect with the clinical practice, with very few translating into clinical use. A symposium entitled “Building better bone: The weaving of biologic and engineering strategies for managing bone loss,” was presented at the 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society Conference to further explore this engineering‐clinical disconnect, by surveying basic, translational, and clinical researchers along with orthopaedic surgeons and proposing ideas for pushing the bar forward in the field of segmental bone loss. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1855–1864, 2017.

     

The Penetration of Lincomycin into Normal Human Bone: Determinations of Penetration into Compact Bone, Spongy Bone and Bone Marrow

The penetration of lincomycin into normal bone was studied in 10 patients with fracture of the neck of the femur, a separate determination being made of the lincomycin concentration in serum, bone marrow, spongy bone and compact bone. The concentration of lincomycin in bone marrow was found to be at the same level as that in the serum. The concentration in spongy bone amounted in most cases to 50 to 75 per cent of the concentration in the serum, whereas the concentration in compact bone varied from 0 to 15 per cent of that in the serum.     

No adverse effects of early weight bearing after uncemented total hip arthroplastyA randomized study of 20 patients

Experimental fibular defects in 16 rats were filled with an acid decalcified homogenous bone matrix (bone inductive material). Autogenous bone grafts in corresponding defects in the other legs of the same rats served as controls. After 3 months, 11 of the 16 defects filled with bone inductive material healed with bony union, but only 4 of the 16 defects treated with autogenous bone grafts had healed. The results suggest that bone inductive material can repair bone defects which are too large to be healed by autogenous bone grafts.     

Repair of Bone Defects by Bone Inductive Material

Experimental fibular defects in 16 rats were filled with an acid decalcified homogenous bone matrix (bone inductive material). Autogenous bone grafts in corresponding defects in the other legs of the same rats served as controls. After 3 months, 11 of the 16 defects filled with bone inductive material healed with bony union, but only 4 of the 16 defects treated with autogenous bone grafts had healed. The results suggest that bone inductive material can repair bone defects which are too large to be healed by autogenous bone grafts.     

The benefit of bone marrow concentrate in addition to a glass‐reinforced hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration: An in vivo ovine study

This study evaluates the ability of a Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Composite (GRHC), in a new microporous pellet formulation with autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC), to enhance bone regeneration and new bone formation. Ninety non‐critical sized bone defects were created in the femurs of nine Merino breed sheep and randomly left unfilled (group A), filled with GRHC pellets alone (group B) or filled with GRHC pellets combined with BMC (group C). The sheep were sacrificed at 3 weeks (three sheep), 6 weeks (three sheep) and 12 weeks (three sheep) and histological analysis (Light Microscopy‐LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histomorphometric analysis (HM) were performed. At 3, 6, and 12 weeks, HM revealed an average percentage of new bone of 48, 72, 83%; 25, 73, 80%, and 16, 38, 78% for Groups C, B and A respectively (significantly different only at 3 weeks p < 0.05). LM and SEM evaluation revealed earlier formation of well‐organized mature lamellar bone in Group C. This study demonstrates that the addition of a bone marrow concentrate to a glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composite in a pellet formulation promotes early bone healing. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1176–1182, 2017.