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Giving an analgesic to patients with right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain causes greater alteration of abdominal signs predictive of appendicitis than placebo. A randomized double-blinded controlled trial of 68 patients who received either tramadol or placebo. Absence or presence of seven abdominal signs (tenderness on light and deep palpation, tenderness in the RLQ and elsewhere, rebound, cough, and percussion tenderness) and pain (100 mm Visual Analog Scale [VAS]) at 0 and 30 minutes were recorded. The predictive value of each physical finding (PF) was measured using an 11-point PF score weighted by likelihood ratios. There was significant reduction in mean VAS of 14.2 mm (95% CI 5.6 to 22.8) in analgesic group versus 6.5 mm (95% CI 1.6 to 11.4) in placebo group. The analgesic group had less normalization of signs as measured by the PF score in all patients [32 of 154 (20.8%) versus 40 of 121 (33.1 %) (P = .031)] and in those with proven appendicitis [4 of 33 (12.1%) versus 10/22 (45.5%) (P = .014)]. Parenteral use of tramadol in emergency department patients with RLQ pain resulted in significant levels of pain reduction without concurrent normalisation of abdominal examination findings indicative of acute appendicitis. 相似文献
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目的 了解持续非卧床式腹膜透析(continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD)合并继发性腹膜炎的临床表现特点,以提高对此症的诊治水平。方法对在2003年1月~2003年4月期间澳门仁伯爵综合医院肾科收治的3例CAPD患者合并继发性腹膜炎的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并以同期收治的8例CAPD相关性腹膜炎为对照组,对两组患者的年龄、CAPD时间和化验结果进行统计分析。结果3例继发性腹膜炎患者均为女性,年龄(75.3±5.5)岁,既往无腹膜炎史。在入院时,所有患者均被误诊为CAPD相关性腹膜炎。对两例患者进行腹部X线平片检查分别可见膈下游离气体和小肠梗阻征象。治疗延误3~28天,最后诊断分别为回肠穿孔、乙状结肠缺血性坏死和绞窄性切口疝。两组患者的年龄、血红蛋白、血白细胞(WBC)、血清白蛋白、C反应蛋白(CRP)和入院时腹膜透析液WBC计数(D1)无显著性差异(P〉0.05);继发性腹膜炎和CAPD相关性腹膜炎的不同点表现在:①CAPD时间明显长[(24.6±7.5)月vs(10.5±8.2)月,P=0.035];②多数患者在发病早期可见粉红色腹膜透出液;③对抗炎治疗效果差(P〈0.05);④病死率高(67%vs 0)。结论CAPD患者合并继发性腹膜炎的临床表现和CAPD相关性腹膜炎有所不同,其临床误诊率和病死率高,应引起临床医生重视。 相似文献
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目的评价改良澳大利亚拣伤评分系统在急诊批量创伤患者评估分类中的应用效果。方法按时间先后顺序将178例批量创伤患者分为对照组87例和观察组91例。对照组按照传统方法拣伤分类,观察组应用改良澳大利亚拣伤评分系统评估分类。比较两组拣伤分类时间、分拣准确率、抢救成功率、护士对分类方法满意度和患者/家属对抢救工作满意度。结果观察组评估分类时间低于对照组(P0.01);分拣准确率、抢救成功率(P0.05)、护士对分类方法满意度和患者/家属对抢救工作满意度均高于对照组(P0.01)。结论改良澳大利亚拣伤评分系统能快速准确评估伤情,指导急诊抢救治疗工作,提高抢救效率和成功率,值得在急诊科推广应用。 相似文献
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目的通过分析小儿急性阑尾炎患者血小板各项参数的变化情况,探讨血小板指标在该疾病诊断中的临床意义,为该疾病的诊断提供更多实验室依据。方法选择52例急性阑尾炎患儿及49例健康对照者,采用Sysmex2100全自动血液分析仪检测血小板参数,包括血小板计数(plateletcount,PLT)、平均血小板体积(meanplateletvolume,MPV)、血小板分布宽度(plateletdistributionwidth,PDW)及外周血细胞计数。采用SPSS17.0软件对检测结果及各参数间相关性进行统计学分析。结果与对照组相比,阑尾炎患者组WBC及PLT明显升高,而MPV和PDW降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P均〈0.01)。相关性分析结果显示MPV与PDW(r=0.974,P〈0.01),以及PLT与WBC(r=0.451,P〈0.01)均呈正相关关系,PLT分别与MPV和PDW(r=-0.610,r=-0.621,P均〈0.01),WBC分别与PDW和MPV(r=-0.335,r=-0.364,P均〈0.05)均呈负相关。结论急性阑尾炎患儿外周血存在PLT增高、而MPV和PDW降低的血小板模式,用这些参数联合其他炎性指标建立诊断模型可能对小儿急性阑尾炎具有较大的实验室诊断价值。 相似文献
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目的探讨肝炎后肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎(spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,SBP)的诊疗情况及头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合左旋氧氟沙星对SBP的治疗效果。方法对2004年1月2009年12月收治的54例肝炎后肝硬化SBP患者,应用头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合左旋氧氟沙星给与治疗,并观察分析治疗效果。结果肝炎后肝硬化SBP的临床表现以发热,腹痛为主,具有典型腹膜刺激征的不足半数。外周血白细胞升高者不多见,腹腔积液中白细胞计数、PMN计数和细菌培养是自发性细菌性腹膜炎的重要诊断指标。结论肝炎后肝硬化合并SBP的临床表现不典型。致病菌以G-杆菌为主。在早期诊断、综合治疗的基础上,头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合左旋氧氟沙星对自发性细菌性腹膜炎的治疗效果显著。 相似文献
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Abstract. Objective: To determine whether the use of ultrasonography (US) improves the outcome of children with appendicitis.
Methods: All cases of patients (< 17 years old) with pathologically confirmed appendicitis treated in the ED between July 1992 and December 1995 were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: 231 charts met criteria for analysis. 100 (43%) patients had US prior to surgery. Age, race, and insurance status were similar for children in the US and non-US groups; there were no differences between the groups at presentation in mean temperature, mean WBC count, or percentage of children with vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal tenderness, or guarding. Those in the non-US group were more often male (71%, p = 0.002) and more frequently had right lower quadrant pain (65%, p = 0.003). Time from ED triage to the OR was 17.1 hours (US group) vs 10.4 hours (non-US group) (p = 0.002). The perforation rates and the complication (abscess, wound infection, wound dehiscence) rates were similar for children in the two groups. Hospital charges were higher in the US group than in the non-US group ($14,123 vs $13,021, p = 0.007).
Conclusion: The use of US did not result in early diagnosis of appendicitis, nor was it associated with a reduction in perforation or complication rates. Among children with clinical evidence of appendicitis, US was associated with a delay in surgery and an increase in hospital charges. 相似文献
Methods: All cases of patients (< 17 years old) with pathologically confirmed appendicitis treated in the ED between July 1992 and December 1995 were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: 231 charts met criteria for analysis. 100 (43%) patients had US prior to surgery. Age, race, and insurance status were similar for children in the US and non-US groups; there were no differences between the groups at presentation in mean temperature, mean WBC count, or percentage of children with vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal tenderness, or guarding. Those in the non-US group were more often male (71%, p = 0.002) and more frequently had right lower quadrant pain (65%, p = 0.003). Time from ED triage to the OR was 17.1 hours (US group) vs 10.4 hours (non-US group) (p = 0.002). The perforation rates and the complication (abscess, wound infection, wound dehiscence) rates were similar for children in the two groups. Hospital charges were higher in the US group than in the non-US group ($14,123 vs $13,021, p = 0.007).
Conclusion: The use of US did not result in early diagnosis of appendicitis, nor was it associated with a reduction in perforation or complication rates. Among children with clinical evidence of appendicitis, US was associated with a delay in surgery and an increase in hospital charges. 相似文献
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白细胞介素17、高敏C反应蛋白、白细胞计数联合检测在急性心肌梗死中的意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的观察白细胞介素17(IL-17)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清中的水平变化及相关性,了解IL-17与AMI发病的关系。方法 95例患者分为3组:急性心肌梗死(AMI)40例,不稳定型心绞痛(UA)31例,胸痛综合征(CPS)24例。患者入院后立即留取静脉血标本离心,存于-80℃的冰箱,采用ELISA法集中检测患者血清中的IL-17、hs-CRP水平,并急诊送检白细胞计数水平。结果 AMI组外周血清IL-17水平明显高于UA组和CPS组(P<0.01);AMI组患者hs-CRP水平明显高于UA组和CPS组(P<0.05);AMI组患者WBC明显高于UA组和CPS组(P<0.01);相关性分析提示IL-17与hs-CRP(r=0.364,P<0.01)及WBC水平(r=0.302,P=0.004)均呈正相关。结论在AMI患者血清中IL-17水平明显升高,与hs-CRP、WBC呈正相关,推测IL-17与动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性有关,促进了AMI的发生发展。 相似文献
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ObjectivesTo assess the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of normal total white blood cell count (WBC) and normal absolute neutrophil count (ANC) combined with a normal proprietary C-reactive protein (pCRP) level in adult emergency department (ED) patients with abdominal pain suspected of possible acute appendicitis.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled patients ≥18 years of age at seven U.S. emergency departments with ≤72 h of abdominal pain and other signs and symptoms suggesting possible acute appendicitis. Sensitivity, specificity, and NPV for normal WBC and ANC combined with normal pCRP were correlated with the final diagnosis of acute appendicitis.ResultsWe enrolled 422 patients with a prevalence of acute appendicitis of 19.1%. The combination of normal WBC and pCRP exhibited a sensitivity of 97.5% (95% CI, 91.3–99.3%), an NPV of 98.8% (95% CI, 95.9–99.7%) and a specificity of 50.0% (95% CI, 44.7–55.3%) for acute appendicitis. Normal ANC and pCRP resulted in a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 95.4–100%), a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI, 97.5–100%) and a specificity of 44.4% (95% CI, 39.2–49.7%) for acute appendicitis. Normal WBC and pCRP correctly identified 171 of 342 (50.0%) patients who did not have appendicitis with 2 (2.5%) false negatives, while normal ANC and pCRP identified 150 of 338 (44.3%) of patients without appendicitis with no false negatives.ConclusionThe combination of normal WBC and ANC with normal pCRP levels exhibited high sensitivity and negative predictive value for acute appendicitis in this prospective adult patient cohort. Confirmation and validation of these findings with further study using commercially available CRP assays is needed. 相似文献
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目的调查某家综合性三甲医院抢救患者在急诊室的滞留状况,为进一步加快急诊抢救患者的分流,提高急诊服务质量提供依据。方法使用急诊预检分诊数据库,回顾性调查分析某综合性三甲医院2010年全年急诊室抢救患者的相关信息,包括不同月份、不同科室、不同去向抢救患者的滞留时间及可能的原因。结果①该院全年7966例抢救患者在急诊室滞留的时间为0.5~2998 h,中位数10 h(四分位数3~23 h);②不同月份抢救患者的滞留时间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.869,P=0.018),其中2月份最短,5月份最长;③患者对急诊抢救室床位占用时间最长的4个科室依次为急诊内科、神经外科、神经内科和急诊科,合计达91.8%的总床位占用时间。患者在急诊抢救室滞留时间最长的4位科室依次为急诊内科、神经内科、神经外科和胸外科;④不同去向的抢救患者滞留时间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=731.471,P〈0.0001),其中以直接住院和自动出院患者的滞留时间最长;⑤滞留时间24 h以上的抢救患者中,83.4%与相应的专科病房无床有关。结论该家医院急诊室抢救患者的滞留状况比较严重,其中急诊内科、神经内科、神经外科3个科室尤为严重,主要与相应专科的病房床位供应不足有关,医院有必要采取相应的对策。 相似文献
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Pinch-an-inch test for appendicitis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rebound tenderness is a widely used examination technique for patients with suspected appendicitis, but it can be quite uncomfortable. An alternative test for peritonitis is termed the "pinch-an-inch" test. This report describes two patients who presented with mild abdominal pain who subsequently were found to have appendicitis. In both patients, classic peritoneal signs were absent, but the pinch-an-inch test was positive. The experienced physician's bedside clinical examination remains the most critical component for rapidly identifying peritonitis. Although rebound tenderness is a widely used examination, it is uncomfortable and may be inaccurate. To perform the pinch-an-inch test, a fold of abdominal skin over McBurney's point is grasped and elevated away from the peritoneum. The skin is allowed to recoil back briskly against the peritoneum. If the patient has increased pain when the skin fold strikes the peritoneum, the test is positive and peritonitis probably is present. 相似文献