云芝糖肽对人PBMC中TLR5信号通路调控机制的研究

目的:研究云芝糖肽(PSP)对人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中TLR5信号通路的调控作用,探索PSP对Toll样通路的免疫调节机制。方法:体外分离、培养人PBMC,分为对照组和PSP处理组,采用实时荧光定量PCR(Q-PCR)技术对PSP处理人PBMC前后,PBMC中的TLR5信号通路中相关基因的表达差异情况进行定量分析。结果:PSP处理的实验组与对照组相比较,TLR5信号通路中的TLR5、IRAK4、TRAF6、IRF5和NF-κB基因的表达水平均显著增高(P<0.05),但AP-1基因的表达降低(P<0.05)。结论:PSP对PBMC中TLR通路的调控可能主要通过NF-κB和IRF5调控终端效应因子来发挥免疫调节作用,这些为进一步探讨PSP的免疫调节作用机理提供了实验依据。     

云芝丹参的体外促增殖试验及其临床应用研究

目的 通过云芝丹参的体外促增殖试验及对乳腺癌患者的临床应用研究,观察其对机体免疫调节活性的影响.方法 采用MTT比色法、流式细胞分析法和ELISA法,分别检测云芝丹参对PHA刺激后的健康成人外周血单个核细胞增殖作用及服用云芝丹参胶囊后的乳腺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群和血浆sIL-2R的浓度.结果 体外实验,中低浓度的云芝丹参药液(6.25～200 μg/mL)对健康成人PBMC有促增殖作用,高浓度(400 μg/mL)时则产生抑制作用;而临床试验中,乳腺癌患者血浆sIL-2R浓度、CD8 细胞百分率均显著降低,而B淋巴细胞数量及百分率、CD4 /CD8 比值和Th细胞的百分率都明显升高.结论 云芝丹参胶囊对正常人及乳腺癌患者都具有免疫增强作用.     

急性脑梗死患者PBMC中TRAM、TLR4、IRF-3mRNA水平与NIHSS评分关系及预测预后的价值

目的 探究急性脑梗死(acute cerebral infarction,ACI)患者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)中Toll样受体相关分子(TRAM)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、 干扰素调节因子-3(IRF-3)mRNA表达水平与斑块稳定性、 神经...     

MyD88依赖途径介导云芝糖肽对荷瘤小鼠免疫调节的机制研究

目的:通过探讨云芝糖肽(PSP)在荷瘤小鼠体内的免疫调节及信号转导机制,研究PSP对荷瘤小鼠My D88信号转导通路的调控作用,验证My D88依赖途径是PSP免疫调节抗肿瘤的重要信号通路。方法:用C57BL/6小鼠建立艾氏腹水癌(EAC)实体型荷瘤小鼠模型,分为2组:野生型(WT)组与基因缺陷型(My D88-/-)组,连续灌胃给药PSP 22天,实时荧光定量PCR(Q-PCR)检测My D88依赖途径与非依赖途径通路相关基因在小鼠脾脏中的表达;免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测通路中相关蛋白的表达;ELISA检测小鼠眼球血中终端效应因子变化。结果:野生型(WT)组与基因缺陷型(My D88-/-)组小鼠脾脏TLR4信号通路相关基因及蛋白表达均明显升高,My D88-/-组小鼠脾脏中My D88依赖途径的承接因子My D88为零;与WT组相比,My D88非依赖途径通路中TRAM,TRIF的基因及蛋白表达量均无明显变化(P>0.05),共同途径中TRAF6、NF-κB、AP-1的基因及蛋白表达量均明显降低(P<0.05);My D88-/-组眼球血中终端效应因子TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-6及IL-10的分泌量较WT组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:云芝糖肽对荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用可能是通过My D88依赖途径信号通路来实现的。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体3的表达降低

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体3(TLR3)的表达及其临床意义.方法 分别采集慢性乙型肝炎患者和健康志愿者外周血,荧光定量PCR法检测血清HBV DNA复制水平;使用RT-PCR、流式细胞术以及免疫印迹技术分别检测外周血单个核细胞TLR3的mRNA、蛋白的表达;使用ELISA法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和干扰素β(IFN-p)水平.结果 慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞中的TLR3表达显著低于健康志愿者,且降低水平与血清HBV DNA复制水平相关;慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血TNF-α、IFN-β浓度显著低于健康志愿者,且降低的水平与血清HBV DNA复制水平相关.结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞TLR3的表达与乙肝病毒的复制水平相关.     

TLR7激动剂经lnc-DC/STAT3而非lnc-THRIL途径刺激肾癌患者PBMCs增强抗肿瘤作用

目的:探讨Toll样受体7激动剂gardiquimod刺激肾癌患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)抗肿瘤的作用机制.     

强直性脊柱炎患者外周血单个核细胞的磷酸化蛋白质组学分析

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中蛋白磷酸化修饰的变化及其在AS中的潜在调控作用。方法分别提取20例未用药AS患者、 15例用药AS患者和20例健康人群的PBMC,进行蛋白提取、胰蛋白酶消化、磷酸化肽段富集和质谱检测,并通过生物信息学分析筛选与AS相关的磷酸化蛋白,同时分析这些蛋白在治疗后表达水平的变化。结果共检测到显著差异磷酸化肽段1561个,上调756个,来自472个蛋白,下调805个,来自363个蛋白。基因注释富集(GO)分析表明,差异磷酸化蛋白主要参与中性粒细胞激活、血小板聚集等生物过程。京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析表明,感染、血小板激活、 T细胞受体、 B细胞受体信号通路等可能与AS密切相关。结论发现并系统性描绘了AS患者外周血PBMC内蛋白磷酸化的改变,对了解AS的发病和疾病进展机制具有重要意义。     

树突状细胞参与免疫调节的相关受体及其介导的信号转导通路研究进展

树突状细胞(DC)是体内最重要的抗原递呈细胞(APC),具有摄取、处理和提呈抗原至T细胞的功能.DC通过其模式识别受体(PRR)能够识别区分不同类别的病原体,PRR与病原相关分子模式(PAMP)相结合,诱导适应性免疫反应.DC表达的PRR主要包括:Toll样受体(TLR)、C型凝集素受体(CLRs)、NOD样受体(NLR)等.这些受体可以通过启动信号转导通路参与免疫调节.现就DC参与免疫调节的主要相关受体及其介导的信号转导通路研究进展进行综述.     

急性脑梗死患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体4的表达与临床的相关性

目的:探讨急性脑梗死患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)的表达及其与患者的临床亚型及病情严重程度的相关性.方法:采用流式细胞仪分析技术和实时定量RT-PCR技术分别测定66例急性脑梗死患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体4的表达水平, 于入院3 d内病情稳定后对患者进行临床神经功能缺损程度评分, 并按照Oxford Community Stroke Project完成脑梗死患者的临床分型.结果:与健康对照组相比, 急性脑梗死患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中TLR4蛋白表达的阳性率(66.87±16.27)%及表达量(即荧光强度, 11.62±4.39)均显著升高, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).66例脑梗死按照Oxford Community Stroke Project临床分型, 分为TACI 9例、 PACI 39例、 POCI 7例和LACI 11 例, PBMC中TLR4蛋白和mRNA的表达量在各组间的差异均无统计学意义;按神经功能缺损程度评分标准将66例患者分为轻型27例、中型30例和重型9例, 各组PBMC中TLR4蛋白和mRNA的表达量差异有统计学意义 (P＜0.05).PBMC中TLR4蛋白和mRNA的表达量与病情的严重程度均呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论:外周血单核细胞Toll样受体4的表达增高与急脑梗死的发生和严重程度有密切关系, 是脑梗死发病的一个危险因素.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.