淫羊藿苷对模拟高原环境下雄性大鼠生殖系统损伤的保护作用研究

目的 研究淫羊藿苷对模拟高原环境下雄性大鼠生殖系统损伤的保护作用,并初步探讨相关作用机制。方法 选取30只12周龄雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为平原对照组、高原模型组以及淫羊藿苷实验组,每组10只。平原对照组饲养于本院动物实验中心(海拔1 400 m),高原模型组以及淫羊藿苷实验组置入模拟海拔高度6 000 m高原环境动物实验舱;淫羊藿苷实验组给予100 mg/kg淫羊藿苷悬浊液于每日上午9时舱内灌胃,其余两组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃。模拟高原环境干预满30 d后麻醉取材,睾丸组织称重后一侧多聚甲醛固定用于进行苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠睾丸组织形态学改变,一侧破碎匀浆处理用于检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)氧化应激指标检测;附睾尾制备成精子悬液,检测精子质量。取大鼠血清检测睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)等激素水平。结果 (1)高原模型组与淫羊藿苷实验组的体重增长显著低于平原对照组(P<0.05),且高原模型组睾丸指数显著低于平原对照组与淫羊藿苷实验组(P<0.05)。(2)HE染色结果示,高原模型组睾丸组织生精小管内各级生精细胞排列不...     

淫羊藿苷与睾酮治疗亚急性衰老雄性大鼠的实验研究

目的观察淫羊藿苷及睾酮对D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老大鼠血清SOD活性、T、E2含量,睾丸组织P16蛋白表达与细胞凋亡的影响。方法随机将40只SD成年雄性大鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、淫羊藿组、睾酮组。检测各组大鼠血清SOD活性、T、E2含量,HE染色观察睾丸组织变化,SP法观察睾丸组织P16蛋白表达情况,TUNEL法检测睾丸生殖细胞凋亡情况。结果D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老大鼠血清SOD活性、T含量下降,与正常组比较差异显著(P<0．01,P<0．01);各组E2变化无统计学意义。睾丸组织出现退行性变化,睾丸生殖细胞P16阳性细胞百分率(PI)和凋亡指数增加,较正常组差异显著(P<0．01);淫羊藿组和睾酮组SOD活性增加,T水平升高,生殖细胞凋亡指数下降,较模型组差异显著,睾丸组织的退行性变化明显改善。淫羊藿组生殖细胞P16阳性细胞百分率较模型组差异显著(P<0．01),而睾酮组变化无显著意义。结论与睾酮相比,淫羊藿不仅可以提高亚急性衰老雄性大鼠血清SOD活性和雄激素水平,减少生殖细胞凋亡,改善睾丸组织的退行性变化,还可通过抑制生殖细胞衰老基因P16蛋白表达这一途径延缓性腺衰老。     

酒精对雄性大鼠生殖内分泌的影响

下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴在雄性生殖方面起着重要作用,我们采用酒精灌胃法观察酒精对雄性大鼠体内黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)的影响,探讨酒精对雄性大鼠生殖内分泌的作用.     

八仙胶囊生精壮阳作用的实验研究

目的 :考察八仙胶囊的生精壮阳作用及可能机制。　方法 :实验动物 (大鼠或小鼠 )随机分为 5组 :空白对照组、八仙胶囊组 (2 .5、7.5、2 2 .5g/kg)和阳性对照组 ,连续灌胃给药 14d后 ,用放免法测定低龄大鼠血清睾酮、皮质醇含量 ;称重大鼠睾丸、附睾、精囊腺 前列腺和包皮腺重量 ,计算其脏器系数 ;观察小鼠睾丸间质细胞和精子数目的变化 ;测定给药后电刺激雄性去势大鼠阴茎勃起的时间及正常大鼠性交的次数和频率。　结果 :八仙胶囊能显著提高低龄大鼠血清睾酮和皮质醇的含量 ,增加睾丸、附睾、精囊腺 前列腺及包皮腺的脏器系数 ,显著增加低龄小鼠精子数和睾丸间质细胞数量 ,抑制去势大鼠阴茎勃起潜伏期的延长 ,提高大鼠交配能力。　结论 :八仙胶囊具有生精壮阳作用 ,该作用可能与药物促进下丘脑 垂体 性腺和肾上腺皮质系统功能有关。     

十八味中药组方对恢复生殖系统损害雄性大鼠模型的作用研究

目的研究十八味中药组方对生殖系统损害不育大鼠模型作用的靶器官和作用机理。方法采用雷公藤多甙建立生殖系统损害大白鼠动物模型,观察十八味中药组方对大鼠睾丸、附睾,精囊腺、前列腺等器官脏器系数及组织学影响;对大鼠精子密度、活力、活率及运动速度、运动方式等精子质量影响;对血清黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、睾酮、皮质醇等激素分泌的影响。结果十八味中药组方显著提高大鼠脏器系数及附睾腺壁管厚度,提高大鼠精子质量,促进生殖激素及皮质醇分泌。结论十八味中药组方可以恢复大鼠模型的生殖系统病理损害。     

生精合剂对雄性大鼠性激素水平及生殖功能的影响

目的 观察生精合剂对去除一侧睾丸雄性大鼠性激素水平及生殖功能的影响.方法 给去除一侧睾丸雄性大鼠灌胃生精合剂10d、30d后,分别测定血浆睾酮,促卵泡激素(FSH),促黄体生成素(LH)及精子计数和活力.结果 实验组能明显提高去除一侧睾丸雄性大鼠的血浆性激素水平,改善精子数量及质量.讨论生精合剂是通过直接补充外源性睾酮和调节下丘脑.垂体.性腺轴功能来提高去除一侧睾丸雄性大鼠的雄激素水平,同时通过多重因素的作用来提高精子数量及活力.     

淫羊藿苷对酒精致雄性小鼠生殖损伤的影响

目的探讨淫羊藿苷对酒精致雄性小鼠生殖损伤的保护作用,为临床治疗酒精致男性不育提供理论依据。方法成年雄性小鼠随机分为正常组(蒸馏水)、模型组(酒精组)和给药组(酒精+淫羊藿苷组),灌胃5周后处死并制备附睾精子悬液,分别测定精子密度、精子活动率、存活率、精子畸形率;JC-1染色法检测线粒体膜电位改变;制备睾丸组织切片,观察睾丸组织病理改变。结果模型组小鼠精子密度、精子活动率和存活率明显低于正常组,精子畸形率明显增加;给药组精子密度、精子活动率和存活率较模型组明显升高,精子畸形率明显降低。线粒体膜电位分析,模型组去极化细胞(凋亡细胞)比例明显高于正常组;给药组去极化细胞(凋亡细胞)比例低于模型组。睾丸组织切片观察发现,与正常组比较,模型组生精细胞层数减少,结构紊乱稀疏;给药组生精小管结构明显改善。结论淫羊藿苷对酒精致雄性小鼠生殖损伤有一定保护作用。     

选择性5α-还原酶抑制剂与十一酸睾酮合用对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响

目的: 观察 5α 还原酶抑制剂与十一酸睾酮合用对雄性大鼠的生殖功能影响,从而探讨双氢睾酮是否参与生精及精子成熟的激素调节过程。　方法: 设立对照组后,给雄性大鼠经食道喂饲选择性 5α 还原酶抑制剂非那甾胺,并肌肉注射十一酸睾酮。观察大鼠生殖腺重量与组织学变化,血清睾酮、双氢睾酮水平,附睾精子计数和配对雌性大鼠妊娠胎仔数等变化情况。　结果: 与正常对照组相比,①非那甾胺减轻雄性大鼠的前列腺、睾丸和附睾的重量。合用外源性长效睾酮可以拮抗非那甾胺对大鼠前列腺重量的抑制作用。②非那甾胺使大鼠血清睾酮水平上升,而双氢睾酮显著下降。加用十一酸睾酮后的FT组血清睾酮和双氢睾酮水平均明显高于F组。③较大剂量的非那甾胺对大鼠的附睾精子计数,精子活率均有抑制作用,而且使精子畸形率明显升高和配对雌鼠的妊娠胎仔数减少。④非那甾胺与十一酸睾酮合用对大鼠的附睾精子计数与活率的抑制作用并没有得到进一步加强,虽然精子畸形率进一步升高,但配对雌鼠的妊娠胎仔数比T组却显著增加。　结论: 5α 还原酶抑制剂非那甾胺可以通过减少双氢睾酮的生成对大鼠的生殖器官和功能产生抑制作用。非那甾胺加用大剂量外源性雄激素并没有出现更强的抑制效应,反而部分抵消外源性雄激素的抑制生殖效应。     

金匮肾气丸对雄激素部分缺乏大鼠血清睾酮及Leydig细胞的影响

目的:探讨金匮肾气丸对雄激素部分缺乏模型大鼠的影响及可能作用机制.方法:50只15月龄SD大鼠随机分成5组:正常组,模型组,金匮肾气丸高、中、低剂量组.采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺20 mg/(kg·d)复制模型,金匮肾气丸连续灌胃28 d后,观察实验大鼠睾丸及附睾的湿重、血清睾酮及睾丸间质细胞变化.结果:金匮肾气丸各组可增加实验大鼠睾丸及附睾的脏器指数,提高血清睾酮水平,增加睾丸间质细胞数目.结论:金匮肾气丸治疗雄激素部分缺乏大鼠有效,其机制可能是通过提高睾酮水平,增加睾丸间质细胞数目.     

淫羊藿总黄酮调节骨代谢作用及药理机制的研究新进展

实验研究发现淫羊藿对不同类型骨质疏松大鼠模型均有骨代谢调节作用,临床研究亦发现采用淫羊藿治疗绝经后骨质疏松症也取得了明显的效果。其药理作用机制可能与降低破骨细胞内Ca2+浓度,影响成骨细胞增殖、分化、矿化;增加骨护骨素(OPG)mRNA的表达,提高成骨细胞Osterix基因表达水平,从而促进骨形成;通过升高人成骨细胞骨形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)mRNA的表达,增加骨形态生成蛋白2的生成刺激人类成骨细胞的增殖和分化;通过抑制TNF-αmRNA和促进TGF-β1mRNA的表达促进转化生长因子(TGF)-β1的产生,抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达,进而阻止骨髓基质中破骨细胞的生成,减少骨质丢失;淫羊藿总黄酮增加骨桥蛋白(OPN)mRNA和Ⅰ型胶原的表达促进骨的生成;淫羊藿苷可通过选择性上调下丘脑和海马ERα,ERβmRNA的表达,降低骨组织中IL-6的表达,从而减少骨吸收;淫羊藿总黄酮可通过抑制DKK1蛋白的表达,调控去势雌性大鼠BMSCs成骨和成脂分化平衡调节骨代谢;淫羊藿苷通过上调Cbfal、BMP2和BMP4mRNA的表达而促进成骨细胞的分化,诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化;淫羊藿总黄酮可显著改善雄性生殖系统和生殖内分泌功能,促进性腺的分泌,产生类雄激素样作用而促进成骨细胞的增殖与分化。笔者从多个层面对淫羊藿黄酮类成分抗骨质疏松作用机制进行阐述,提出今后在此研究基础上尚需进一步深入全面、系统的研究和阐述。     

Effects of flavonoids from Semen Cuscutae on the reproductive system in male rats

Aim: To evaluate the effects of the flavonoids extracted from the Semen Cuscutae (FSC) on the reproductive and endocrine functions in male rats. Methods: (1) FSC were obtained from the semen of Cuscuta sinensis l_;am through solvent extraction and polyamide columnar chromatography; (2) Effect of FSC on the reproductive organs was assessed in immature rats. Rats were administered FSC through gastric garage at a dose of 300 mg/kg per day for 7 days and the weights of testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and pituitary gland were then observed; (3) To observe the effect of FSC on the reproductive endocrine function: same dose level of FSC was given to male rats of different age groups for 7days; on day 8, the plasma testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and LH were determined by RIA, the specific binding of LH was estimated and the testes were weighed. (4) Effect of FSC on LH secretion was assessed in vitro on cultured adenohypophysis. (5) Effect of FSC on T secretion was assessed in vitro on Leydig cell culture. Results: FSC increased the weights of testis, epididymis and pituitary gland, and stimulated T and LH secretion both in vitro and in immature rats. Conclusion: FSC invigorates the reproductive system and reproductive endocrine function in male rats.     

Effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in diesel exhaust particles on the regulation of testicular function in immature male rats

We investigated the effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (4-nitro-m-cresol, PNMC) isolated from diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on the reproductive functions of male rats. Twenty-eight-day-old rats were injected subcutaneously with PNMC (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg) daily for 5 days. The weights of the epididymis, seminal vesicle, and Cowper gland were significantly decreased in rats treated with 10 mg/kg PNMC. The plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were significantly increased by PNMC at 100 mg/kg. However, the plasma concentrations of testosterone and immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin were significantly decreased by PNMC at 100 mg/kg. The testosterone content of the testicles was significantly decreased in the group treated with 100 mg/kg PNMC compared with the control group. Furthermore, testicular concentration of ir-inhibin was significantly decreased by PNMC at 1 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg. To investigate the direct effects of PNMC on the secretion of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland, and on the secretion of testosterone from the testes, we exposed cultured anterior pituitary and interstitial Leydig cells to PNMC (10(-6), 10(-5), 10(-4) M) with or without gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 10 nM) (for the LH and FSH tests) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 0.1 IU/mL) (for the testosterone test) for 24 hours. PNMC did not change either the basal or GnRH-stimulated levels of FSH and LH secretion. However, PNMC significantly inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone production. These findings suggest that PNMC has a direct effect on the testes of immature male rats, causing a reduction in testosterone secretion.     

Sertoli cell function in diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, and semi-starved rats

It is well documented that long-term diabetes mellitus results in numerous deleterious consequences. However, considerable controversy exists concerning male reproductive function in diabetes. The purpose of this investigation was to study several endocrine parameters in diabetic male rats with emphasis on Sertoli cell function. Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin and then either left untreated for 30 days or injected with insulin so as to prevent spillover of glucose into the urine. These two groups were compared with control animals that had only been injected with the vehicle for streptozotocin. Semi-starved control animals were included to determine if any of the potential endocrine alterations were related to body weight changes which occur in streptozotocin-injected rats. It was found that FSH, LH, PRL, and GH serum levels were reduced in diabetic animals. Only FSH was restored to normal by insulin injections. The testis, seminal vesicle, and epididymis weights were all reduced in diabetic animals. Insulin injections raised all organ weights; however, only testis weights were fully restored. Levels of epididymal ABP activity were found to be higher in diabetic animals when expressed per mg protein. Similar patterns of organ weight loss and hormonal alterations were observed in semi-starved rats. However, epididymal levels of ABP activity were unaffected by the semi-starved condition. While weight loss should be taken into consideration when interpreting cause and effect relationships in streptozotocin-treated animals, epididymal ABP levels appear to be well correlated with the altered metabolic state characteristic of diabetes.     

Quantitative (stereological) study of the epididymis and seminal vesicle in the rat from young to old

There is a scarcity of morphometric data on the developmental and ageing changes in the epididymis and seminal vesicle in young and old rats. Eighty‐six normal male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly sampled from a cohort of animals aged 1–36 months (7–9 animals each age group). The epididymis and seminal vesicle (with the closely attached coagulating gland) were removed, and methacrylate resin‐embedded sections were prepared for quantitative study of key histological structures by light microscopy. Stereological methods (point counting and optical disector) were used to estimate the total volumes of sperm mass, secretion (glandular lumen) and other structures and the number of spermatozoa. The results showed that the rapid growth of the reproductive organs was between 1 and 4 months of age. The epididymis stored the largest volume of sperm mass or number of spermatozoa at 12 months of age, but thereafter until 36 months of age, the sperm storage did not markedly diminish. The volume of secretion stored in the seminal vesicular gland declined by more than 35% from a plateau at 12–18 months until 36 months of age while that in the coagulating gland declined by more than 30% from a plateau at 18–24 months until 36 months of age.     

Effect of a powerful antagonist of LH-RH on testicular function in prepubertal male rats

The effects of N-Ac-D-p-F-Phe1,D-p-Cl-Phe2,D-Trp3,6,D-Ala10-LH-RH, a new antagonistic analog of LH-RH, were tested on the testicular function and serum FSH and LH levels in immature male rats. Prolonged administration of this analog to prepubertal male rats resulted in lower testicular and seminal vesicle weights as compared with control rats treated with the vehicle only. Spermatogenesis was markedly delayed in rats injected with the analog. Serum FSH and LH levels were significantly lower in the analog-treated rats as compared to the controls. These data show that LH-RH antagonists may be useful for inhibition of spermatogenesis.     

Antispermatogenic and hormonal effects of Crotalaria juncea Linn. seed extracts in male mice

Aim: To evaluate the antifertility activity of various extracts of Crotalaria juncea seeds in male mice. Methods: Adult male mice were gavaged the petroleum ether, benzene and ethanol extracts of C. juncea seeds, 25 mg·(100g)-1·day-1 for 30 days. On day 31 the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland and levator ani were dissected out and weighed. The organs were processed for biochemical and histological examination. Results: In petroleum ether, benzene and ethanol extracts treated rats, there was a decrease in the weights of testis and accessory reproductive organs. The diameters of the testis and seminiferous tubules were decreased. Spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids in the testis and the sperm count in cauda epididymis were also decreased. There was a significant reduction in the protein and glycogen contents and an increase in the cholesterol content in the testis, epididymis and vas def     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对青春期大鼠雄性生殖系统的影响

目的:探讨邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对青春期大鼠雄性生殖系统的影响。方法:5周龄雄性SD大鼠用DBP灌胃染毒30d,染毒剂量包括:10、100、500mg/(kg.d),对照组仅给予溶剂(玉米油)。染毒结束后,检测睾丸、附睾、垂体、肝脏重量及脏器系数。苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法检测睾丸、附睾组织病理改变。放免法测定血清中黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)水平。实时定量反转录PCR测定类固醇激素合成急性期调节蛋白(StAR)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、细胞色素P450胆固醇侧链裂解酶(P450scc)、清道夫受体(SR)mRNA的相对表达变化。结果:500mg/(kg.d)组中,睾丸及附睾重量明显减轻,垂体、肝脏的重量没有明显改变。100mg/(kg.d)和500mg/(kg.d)DBP导致了睾丸组织病理学改变。500mg/(kg.d)DBP组中血清T、LH水平降低,血清FSH升高。10mg/(kg.d)DBP组血清LH及FSH水平升高。500mg/(kg.d)DBP抑制了StAR、PCNAmRNA的表达。10mg/(kg.d)DBP提高了P450sccmRNA的表达水平,SRmRNA表达水平没有明显改变。结论:高剂量DBP对雄性生殖系统有明显毒性效应,较低水平的DBP改变了血清中促性腺激素LH的水平,并有可能以此来改变睾丸中P450sccmRNA的表达。     

Atrazine effects on testosterone levels and androgen-dependent reproductive organs in peripubertal male rats

Previous studies have reported that atrazine, a widely used herbicide that selectively inhibits photosynthesis in broadleaf and grassy weeds, has adverse effects on reproductive function in the male, suggesting a direct effect of atrazine on the hypothalamicpituitary-testicular axis. As yet, however, no studies have critically examined the doses of atrazine that elicit such effects, and few have focused on the mechanism by which atrazine acts. Herein we report a dose-response study of the effects of atrazine ingestion on reproductive function in male Sprague-Dawley rats during a critical developmental period, the peripubertal period. Atrazine was administered by gavage to rats from day 22 to day 47 of age, at doses of 1-200 mg/kg body weight per day. Atrazine administration of up to 50 mg/kg per day had no effect on any of the measured variables. Serum testosterone concentration was reduced by atrazine at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg per day, as were seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights. Intratesticular testosterone concentration was reduced in parallel with serum testosterone, suggesting that the reductions in serum testosterone resulted from reduced testosterone production by Leydig cells or from changes in testosterone metabolism within the testis, or both. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration was reduced despite the reduced serum testosterone, suggesting an effect on the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, or both. At the termination of the study, the average body weight of rats receiving atrazine at 100 mg/kg per day was found to be reduced by approximately 9%. This suggested the possibility that the effects of atrazine on the reproductive tract may not be direct, but rather, the noted deficits of the male reproductive tract resulted from reduced food intake by the treated rats. We tested this by feeding control (vehicle-gavaged) rats amounts of food equivalent to that consumed by the atrazine-fed rats, and then assessing reproductive tract endpoints. Even mild food restriction resulted in reductions in serum testosterone concentration, in the weights of androgen-dependent organs, and in serum LH concentration; the same deficits that were seen in atrazine-gavaged rats. Indeed, the effects of atrazine on the male reproductive tract seen in rats receiving atrazine at greater than 50 mg/kg per day could not be distinguished from the effects of reduced food consumption. These results suggest that caution must be exercised before concluding that atrazine (or any potentially toxic chemical) has direct, detrimental effects.