实时剪切波弹性成像对颈肩部肌筋膜疼痛综合征阿是穴针刺疗效的评估

目的探讨实时剪切波弹性成像(SWE)评价颈肩部肌筋膜疼痛综合征(MPS)患者经阿是穴针刺治疗的疗效。方法应用SWE技术定量测量30例颈肩部MPS患者经阿是穴针刺治疗前后斜方肌疼痛触发点的弹性模量值及弹性评分,应用视觉模拟评分(VAS)法评估其主观疼痛强度,分析治疗前VAS评分与杨氏模量值及弹性评分的相关性,以及针刺治疗后VAS评分变化值(?VAS)与杨氏模量变化值(?杨氏模量值)及弹性评分变化值(?弹性评分)的相关性。结果与阿是穴针刺治疗前比较,颈肩部MPS患者针刺治疗后斜方肌疼痛触发点弹性评分及杨氏模量值均明显降低(t=6.34、33.36,均P0.001),VAS评分减低(t=10.02,P0.001)。阿是穴针刺治疗前,颈肩部MPS患者VAS评分与杨氏模量值及弹性评分均呈正相关(r=0.572、0.474,均P0.05);阿是穴针刺治疗后,颈肩部MPS患者?VAS与?杨氏模量值及?弹性评分均呈正相关(r=0.611、0.561,均P0.05)。结论 SWE能客观有效地评估颈肩部MPS患者阿是穴针刺疗效,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

剪切波超声弹性成像技术和表面肌电图在颈肩肌筋膜疼痛综合征疗效评估中的应用

目的:探讨剪切波超声弹性成像(SWE)技术和表面肌电图(sEMG)在颈肩肌筋膜疼痛综合征(MPS)疗效评估中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年10月~2019年10月间医院收治的90例颈肩(MPS)患者的临床资料,所有患者均接受4个疗程(7d为1疗程)的针刺联合推拿治疗,根据治疗后1个月的疗效划分为A组(54例)、B组(36例)。于治疗前、后采用SWE检测两组患者的杨氏模量值、触发点厚度、组织弹性图评分,并使用sEMG检测平均振幅值、平均频率斜率值,并使用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析以上指标对颈肩MPS患者疗效的评估价值。结果:治疗前,两组患者的组织弹性图评分、杨氏模量值、筋膜厚度、平均振幅值、平均频率斜率等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P_均>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的组织弹性图评分、杨氏模量值、筋膜厚度等均低于治疗前(A组B组),差异均具有统计学意义(P_均<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,组织弹性图评分、杨氏模量值、筋膜厚度、平均振幅值、平均频率斜率评估颈肩MPS患者疗效的AUC分别为0.750、0.744、0.836、0.812、0.752,具有一定的价值,且联合检查的价值较高(AUC=0.957,P<0.01)。结论:剪切波超声弹性成像技术联合表面肌电图可用于颈肩肌筋膜疼痛综合征疗效评估。     

灰阶超声联合剪切波弹性成像评估肌筋膜疼痛综合征患者肌筋膜疼痛触发点

目的 探讨灰阶超声联合剪切波弹性成像（SWE）技术评估肌筋膜疼痛综合征（MPS）患者肌筋膜疼痛触发点（MTrPs）处肌肉形态及组织学特性的价值。方法 以28例MPS患者（36个MTrPs）为病例组,33名健康志愿者（33个正常肌肉点）为对照组。由2名检查者分别测量病例组MTrPs （上斜方肌）厚度、剪切波传播速度（SWV）及杨氏模量值（E）,1名检查者测量对照组上述参数,1周后2组均重复测量。采用组内相关系数（ICC）评价2名检查者检测结果的一致性,以Pearson检验分析MPS患者疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分与上斜方肌厚度、SWV及E的相关性。结果 2名检查者重复测量一致性、时间一致性及检查者间一致性均好或优（ICC 0.73~0.98）。病例组MPS患者上斜方肌厚度、SWV及E均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。MPS患者VAS评分与上斜方肌厚度无相关性（r=0.016,P=0.945）,与SWV （r=0.709,P<0.001）、E （r=0.653,P=0.002）均呈正相关。结论 灰阶超声联合SWE可定量评估MPS患者MTrPs处肌肉形态及组织学特性。     

弹性成像引导下针刺激痛点治疗肌筋膜疼痛的疗效初探

目的 研究实时组织弹性成像（RTE）引导下针刺肌筋膜激痛点（MTrPs）治疗肌筋膜疼痛综合征（MPS）的应用价值。方法 研究对象为2017年8月至2018年8月在我院就诊的60例MPS患者,随机平均分为RTE组和传统针刺组,对患者进行随访1年,比较两组患者治疗前后MTrPs弹性评分、疼痛评分的差异并研究两者的相关性。比较两组患者的治疗效果及远期预后。结果 治疗后RTE组的弹性评分、视觉模拟评分(VAS) 和疼痛评定指数均明显低于传统针刺组（P＜0.05）,弹性评分与VAS、PRI、现时疼痛强度 (PPI)均呈正相关（均r＞0且P＜0.05）,其中弹性评分与VAS的相关程度最强（r=0.673, P=0.000）。MTrPs弹性评分与VAS在不同疗程中的变化趋势近似,均呈下降趋势（P＜0.05）。RTE组的显效率为86.7%,累计无复发率为93.33%,传统针刺组的显效率为60%,累计无复发率为57.14%,RTE组的显效率及累计无复发率均明显高于传统针刺组（P＜0.05）。结论 RTE引导下针刺MTrPs的治疗效果及预后均明显优于传统触诊法针刺。     

实时组织弹性成像指导针刺激痛点治疗肌筋膜疼痛的疗效初探

目的应用实时组织弹性成像(RTE)确定肌筋膜激痛点(MTrPs),探讨其引导针刺治疗肌筋膜疼痛综合征(MPS)的应用价值。方法选择我院斜方肌MPS患者60例,按随机数字表法分为RTE组和传统针刺组各30例,比较两组患者治疗前后MTrPs弹性评分、疼痛评分的差异。对患者随访1年,比较两组患者的治疗效果及远期预后。结果两组治疗后MTrPs的弹性评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RTE组治疗后视觉模拟评分(VAS)和疼痛评定指数(PRI)分别为(3.02±0.54)分、(3.34±0.62)分,均明显低于传统针刺组(3.89±0.36)分、(3.76±0.34)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。随访结果显示,RTE组的显效率为86.7%,累计无复发率为93.3%,传统针刺组的显效率为60.0%,累计无复发率为57.1%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论RTE指导针刺MTrPs治疗MPS的疗效及预后均明显优于传统触诊法针刺,具有重要的临床价值。     

剪切波弹性成像在肌筋膜疼痛综合征中的临床应用价值

目的应用剪切波弹性成像观察肌筋膜疼痛综合征患者肌筋膜疼痛触发点(MTrPs)处肌肉弹性改变情况,观察其在中医手法治疗中的应用。方法收集我院收治的60例肌筋膜疼痛综合征患者(观察组)和60例健康体检者(对照组)为研究对象,均行剪切波弹性成像检测,比较观察组与对照组肌肉杨氏模量值(E)、组织剪切波速度(SWV)、上斜方肌厚度、目测类比等级(VAS)评分。以后期病理生理学检测结果为标准,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析剪切波弹性成像诊断MTrPs的价值。根据观察组患者定位MTrPs方式差异分为2个亚组:常规组(30例)和辅助组(30例),对比常规组与辅助组治疗前和治疗后15 d的VAS评分、疼痛分级指数(PRI)评分、现有疼痛强度(PPI)评分,以及治疗1、2、3个疗程后的疼痛缓解显效率。结果观察组MTrPs处肌肉E、SWV、上斜方肌厚度、VAS评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,剪切波弹性成像诊断MTrPs的曲线下面积为0.948,敏感性为95.24%,特异性为94.44%,诊断准确率为95.00%。通过对比疗效发现,辅助组1、2、3个疗程治疗后的疼痛缓解显效率均显著高于常规组,治疗后15 d的VAS评分、PRI评分、PPI评分均低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论剪切波弹性成像评估肌筋膜疼痛综合征患者MTrPs处肌肉弹性改变具有较高的特异性和敏感性,有助于中医手法治疗定位,具有重要的临床价值。     

肌肉牵张与冷敷对颈部肌筋膜触发点针刺后疼痛的效果

目的 探讨肌肉牵张与冷敷对颈部肌筋膜触发点针刺后疼痛的应用效果。 方法 选取2016年6月-2017年6月行颈肌筋膜触发点针刺治疗后的80例患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为实验组及对照组各40例。比较2组疼痛评分及随访3个月内颈肌筋膜疼痛复发情况。 结果 2组疼痛评分在时间效应及组间效应上比较,差异有统计学意义(F_时间=23.703,P<0.001;F_组间=29.395,P<0.001);3个月内实验组颈肌筋膜疼痛复发例数少于对照组(χ²=26.593,P<0.001)。 结论 肌筋膜触发点针刺治疗后进行肌肉牵张加冷敷能够有效地改善患者的疼痛症状,降低颈部肌筋膜疼痛的复发率,提升患者满意度。     

浮针配合冲击波疗法治疗斜方肌肌筋膜疼痛综合征的临床观察

目的：观察浮针配合冲击波疗法治疗斜方肌肌筋膜疼痛综合征的临床疗效。方法：将符合研究标准的64例斜方肌肌筋膜疼痛综合征的患者按就诊顺序随机分为两组，每组32例。其中治疗组患者予浮针配合冲击波治疗。对照组患者予物理治疗。观察两组治疗的临床疗效及治疗前后的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）。结果：经过一个疗程的治疗，治疗组总有效率为：96.9 %，对照组总有效率为：75%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗前两组VAS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后治疗组VAS评分明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗前两组颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后治疗组颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：浮针配合冲击波疗法能有效缓解斜方肌肌筋膜疼痛综合征的疼痛症状，改善颈肩部的活动功能，治疗安全简便，值得临床运用推广。     

激痛点缺血性压迫治疗颈肩肌筋膜疼痛综合征疗效观察

目的:观察激痛点缺血性压迫法治疗颈肩肌筋膜疼痛综合征的疗效。方法:选择颈肩肌筋疼痛膜综合征患者20例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组10例。对照组仅接受健康宣教;治疗组在对照组基础上实施激痛点缺血性压迫疗法。首先通过Booster Pro3筋膜枪渐次提高振动频率的方法松解斜方肌上束,提高痛阈,达到放松并激活上斜方肌的目的,随后使用缺血性压迫激痛点的方法进行干预,治疗1次/d,连续治疗2周。分别在治疗前、后,采用肌力与脊柱活动度测量仪测量颈部关节活动度与肌力,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价颈肩部的疼痛程度,采用颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评价颈部功能障碍水平。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗第1次结束即刻治疗组左右侧肌力明显增加,治疗后2周治疗组颈部关节活动度(前屈方向)、左右侧肌力明显增加,左屈、右屈、右旋方向上的VAS评分与NDI评分明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,治疗后2周治疗组颈部关节活动度(前屈方向)、左右侧肌力更高,左屈、右屈、右旋方向上的VAS评分与NDI评分更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:激痛点缺血性压迫疗法治疗颈肩肌筋膜疼痛综合征,可以有效提高MPS患者颈部关节活动度、左右侧肌力,缓解颈部肌肉僵硬不适和疼痛,改善颈椎功能障碍状态,值得临床推广应用。     

剪切波弹性成像在针灸治疗肩胛间区肌筋膜疼痛综合征中的应用价值

目的 探讨剪切波弹性成像（SWE）在针灸治疗肩胛间区肌筋膜疼痛综合征（MPS）中的应用价值。方法 前瞻性收集于我院接受针灸治疗的肩胛间区MPS患者39例，其中针对肩胛间区疼痛区域行针灸治疗15例（局部对症治疗组），针对颈部肩胛背神经走行区行针灸治疗24例（颈部肩胛背神经治疗组），均每周治疗3次，连续治疗2周，应用视觉模拟（VAS）评分评估其临床疗效，并计算总有效率；应用SWE测量治疗前后菱形肌内、外侧筋膜杨氏模量平均值（Emean），比较两组治疗前、后Emean及总有效率。结果 局部对症治疗组和颈部肩胛背神经治疗组治疗后VAS评分均较治疗前明显下降，总有效率为92.3%(36/39)，其中痊愈8例，显效22例，有效6例，无效3例，局部对症治疗组总有效率为80.0%(12/15)，颈部肩胛背神经治疗组总有效率为100%(24/24)，两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗前，局部对症治疗组菱形肌内、外侧筋膜Emean分别为21.09(18.31,32.33)kPa、28.82(18.42,36.49)kPa，颈部肩胛背神经治疗组菱形肌内、外侧筋膜Emean分别为23...     

砷化镓低能量激光治疗肌筋膜疼痛综合征73例

目的观察低能量激光对肌筋膜疼痛综合征的治疗效果。方法 73例肌筋膜疼痛综合征患者自身对照 ,采用波长830nm ,输出功率 5 0 0mW砷化镓半导体激光仪辐射治疗扳机点 2 0分钟 ,每日 1次 ,共 5次 ,在治疗前后分别进行疼痛自测、扳机点触压评定。结果治疗结束后 ,患者疼痛强度自测评分从 ( 7 2 4± 2 4)降至 ( 2 2 1± 1 2 2 ) (P <0 0 0 1) ,扳机点压痛显著改善。结论半导体激光治疗能降低疼痛强度 ,减轻压痛     

Shock waves as treatment of mouse myofascial trigger points

Introduction

An abnormal increase in spontaneous neurotransmission can induce subsynaptic knots in the myocyte called myofascial trigger points. The treatment of choice is to destroy these trigger points by inserting needles. However, 10% of the population has a phobia of needles, blood, or injuries. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify the usefulness of shock waves in the treatment of myofascial trigger points.

Methods

Two groups of mice have been developed for this: healthy muscles treated with shock waves; trigger points affected muscles artificially generated with neostigmine and subsequently treated with shock waves. Muscles were stained with methylene blue, PAS-Alcian Blue, and labeling the axons with fluorescein and the acetylcholine receptors with rhodamine. Using intracellular recording the frequency of miniature endplate potentials (mEPPs) was recorded and endplate noise was recorded with electromyography.

Results

No healthy muscles treated with shock waves showed injury. Twitch knots in mice previously treated with neostigmine disappeared after shock wave treatment. Several motor axonal branches were retracted. On the other hand, shock wave treatment reduces the frequency of mEPPs and the number of areas with endplate noise.

Discussion

Shock waves seem to be a suitable treatment for myofascial trigger points. In the present study, with a single session of shock waves, very relevant results have been obtained, both functional (normalization of spontaneous neurotransmission) and morphological (disappearance of myofascial trigger points). Patients with a phobia of needles, blood, or injuries who cannot benefit from dry needling may turn to noninvasive radial shock wave treatment.     

Are "cervicogenic" headaches due to myofascial pain and cervical spine dysfunction?

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether the pain of cervicogenic headache could be due to referred symptoms from myofascial trigger points. The presence or absence of cervical spine dysfunction was also of interest. Eleven patients with cervicogenic headaches were systematically examined for myofascial trigger points and cervical spine dysfunction. All patients had at least three myofascial trigger points on the symptomatic side. In eight of these patients, trigger point palpation clearly reproduced their headache. There were 70 myofascial trigger points (35 "very tender", 35 "tender") and 17 non-myofascial tender points on the symptomatic side, compared to 22 myofascial trigger points (one "very tender", 21 "tender") and 19 non-myofascial tender points on the asymptomatic side. These differences were statistically significant [chi-square (2df) = 22.04, p less than 0.0001]. All patients had some evidence of cervical dysfunction. Ten patients (91%) had specific segmental dysfunction of occiput on atlas and/or atlas on axis. Five patients were entered into a non-invasive, interdisciplinary pain management program designed to treat cervical spine dysfunction and myofascial pain. Treated patients reported a significant decrease in the frequency and intensity of their headaches during a median two-year follow-up. It is concluded that myofascial trigger points may be an important pain producing mechanism in cervicogenic headache and that segmental cervical dysfunction is a common feature in such patients. Conservative, non-surgical treatment appears to be effective in reducing the frequency and intensity of cervicogenic headache. These data suggest that surgical approaches should be reserved only for those patients who fail conservative therapy.     

New views of myofascial trigger points: etiology and diagnosis

Simons DG. New views of myofascial trigger points: etiology and diagnosis.Two studies appearing in Archives, one by Shah and colleagues and another one by Chen and colleagues, present groundbreaking findings that can reduce some of the controversy surrounding myofascial trigger points (MTPs). Both author groups recognize the ubiquity of this disease and the importance to patients of health care professionals becoming better acquainted with the cause and identification of MTPs. The integrated hypothesis is the most credible and most complete proposed etiology of MTPs. However, the feedback loop suggested in this hypothesis has a few weak links, and studies by Shah and colleagues in particular supply a solid link for one of them. The feedback loop connects the hypothesized energy crisis with the milieu changes responsible for noxious stimulation of local nociceptors that causes the local and referred pain of MTPs. Shah’s reports quantify the presence of not just 1 noxious stimulant but 11 of them with outstanding concentrations of immune system histochemicals. The results also strongly place a solid histochemical base under the important clinical distinction between active and latent MTPs. The study by Chen on the use of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) imaging of the taut band of an MTP in an upper trapezius muscle may open a whole new chapter in the centuries-old search for a convincing demonstration of the cause of MTP symptoms. MRE is a modification of existing magnetic resonance imaging equipment, and it images stress produced by adjacent tissues with different degrees of tension. This report seems to present an MRE image of the taut band that shows the chevron signature of the increased tension of the taut band compared with surrounding tissues.     

Myofascial Pain Syndrome: An Overview

Over the last few decades, advances have been made in the understanding of myofascial pain syndromes (MPSs). In spite of its high prevalence in the society, it is not a commonly established diagnosis. MPS is said to be the great imitator. This article puts some light on the various clinical presentations of the syndrome, on the various tools to reach to a diagnosis for commencing the treatment and on the treatment modalities that have been used so far.     

Myofascial Pain Syndrome Affecting the Quadratus Femoris

The quadratus femoris is an external rotator of the hip. Quadratus femoris injury can accompany damage to the surrounding muscles. Guided by the clinical symptoms, the injection technique described here can facilitate accurate diagnosis in selected cases.     

The Short-Term Effects of Acupuncture on Myofascial Pain Patients After Clenching

Aim: Short‐term pain reduction from acupuncture in chronic myofascial pain subjects was evaluated using an 11‐point (0 to 10) numeric rating scale, visual analog scale (VAS), and pain rating of mechanical pressure on the masseter muscle. Methods: A single‐blind, randomized, controlled, clinical trial with an independent observer was performed. Fifteen chronic myofascial pain subjects over the age of 18 were randomly assigned into groups: nine subjects received real acupuncture; six subjects received sham acupuncture. Each subject clenched his/her teeth for 2 minutes. Acupuncture or sham acupuncture was administered at the Hegu Large Intestine 4 acupoint. Sham acupuncture was conducted by lightly pricking the skin with a shortened, blunted acupuncture needle through a foam pad, without penetrating the skin. The foam pad visually conceals the needle's point of the entry, so that the subject cannot discern which technique is being used. The subjects rated their general pain on a numeric rating scale. A mechanical pain stimulus was applied with an algometer and the subject rated his/her pain on a VAS. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated measures anova , paired t‐tests, and Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in pain tolerance with acupuncture (P = 0.027). There was statistically significant reduction in face pain (P = 0.003), neck pain (P = 0.011), and headache (P = 0.015) with perception of real acupuncture. Conclusion: Pain tolerance in the masticatory muscles increased significantly more with acupuncture than sham acupuncture.     

A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence for Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment for Cervico‐Thoracic Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by regional pain and muscle tenderness associated with the presence of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). The last decade has seen an exponential increase in the use of botulinum toxin (BTX) to treat MPS. To understand the medical evidence substantiating the role of therapeutic BTX injections and to provide useful information for the medical practitioner, we applied the principles of evidence‐based medicine to the treatment for cervico‐thoracic MPS. A search was conducted through MEDLINE (PubMed, OVID, MDConsult), EMBASE, SCOPUS and the Cochrane database for the period 1966 to 2012 using the following keywords: myofascial pain, muscle pain, botulinum toxin, trigger points, and injections. A total of 7 trials satisfied our inclusion criteria and were evaluated in this review. Although the majority of studies found negative results, our analysis identified Gobel et al.'s as the highest quality study among these prospectively randomized investigations. This was due to appropriate identification of diagnostic criteria, excellent study design and objective endpoints. The 6 other identified studies had significant failings due to deficiencies in 1 or more major criteria. We conclude that higher quality, rigorously standardized studies are needed to more appropriately investigate this promising treatment modality.