三维斑点追踪技术评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对左室收缩功能的影响

目的应用三维斑点追踪(3D-STI)技术早期评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者左室整体收缩功能,并探讨其左室应变与睡眠呼吸暂停程度的关系。方法选取OSAS患者41例,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)将其分为轻度组10例、中度组11例及重度组20例;另选年龄、性别与之匹配的正常成人20例为对照组。应用常规超声测量室间隔及左室后壁厚度、左室质量指数(LVMI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、舒张早晚期二尖瓣血流峰值速度(E、A)及舒张早期心肌速度(e’);应用3D-STI技术测量收缩期左室心肌整体长轴应变(GLS)、整体径向应变(GRS)、整体环向应变(GCS)及左室面积应变(GAS),比较各组间差异,分析左室面积应变参数与心血管危险因素的相关性。结果 (1)OSAS各组患者室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度及E/A与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),重度组E/e’大于其余各组(均P0.05);重度组LVMI大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)OSAS各组患者GLS和GAS均小于对照组,且随病情程度加重呈递减趋势;重度组GRS小于中度组,GCS小于其他各组(均P0.05);(3)GAS与AHI和体质量指数均呈正相关(r=0.616、0.367,均P0.05),与最低血氧饱和度呈负相关(r=-0.663,P0.05)。结论 OSAS患者在LVEF正常的情况下左室心肌收缩功能受损,且受损程度与OSAS的严重程度成正比;GAS的受损与AHI、体质量指数及最低血氧饱和度相关。     

应用三维斑点追踪成像评价风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者左室收缩功能

目的探讨三维斑点追踪成像(3D-STI)技术评价不同程度风湿性二尖瓣狭窄(MS)患者左心室整体收缩功能的价值。方法选取MS患者53例,轻度狭窄21例为病例A组,中度狭窄15例为病例B组,重度狭窄17例为病例C组。另选取43例健康志愿者作为对照组。采用3D-STI技术获取各组左心室整体纵向收缩期峰值应变(GLS)、径向应变(GRS)、圆周应变(GCS)、面积应变(GAS)、左心室射血分数(LVEF),比较各组指标间的差异。结果与对照组相比,A组的GLS降低;与对照组、A组相比,B组的GLS、GAS、GCS及GRS降低;与对照组、A组及B组相比,C组的GLS、GAS、GCS及GRS进一步降低,差异均有统计学意义。LVEF与GLS、GAS、GCS及GRS值呈正相关。结论 3D-STI可以准确、客观地评价左室收缩功能,为临床提供可靠依据。     

三维斑点追踪技术评价不同程度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的左室收缩功能

目的 应用三维斑点追踪技术(3D-STI)评价不同程度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的左室收缩功能。方法 纳入66例左室射血分数(LVEF)正常的主动脉瓣狭窄患者,按照狭窄程度分为轻度狭窄组(25例)、中度狭窄组(21例)及重度狭窄组(20例),另选取年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者30例为对照组。所有研究对象均行常规及三维超声心动图检查,测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室整体峰值纵向应变(GLS)、圆周应变(GCS)、面积应变(GAS)及径向应变(GRS)。 结果 与对照组相比,轻度狭窄组GLS降低,GRS、GCS及GAS无明显差异(P>0.05),与对照组及轻度狭窄组相比,中度狭窄组GLS、GRS降低(P<0.05),GCS增加(P<0.05),GAS无明显差异(P>0.05),与对照组、轻度狭窄组及中度狭窄组相比,重度狭窄组GLS、GRS降低(P<0.05),GCS增加(P<0.05),GAS无明显差异(P>0.05)。三维测得LVEF与GLS、GCS、GAS及GRS均具有显著相关性,相关系数分别为0.71、0.59、0.79、0.57(P<0.01)。 结论 主动脉瓣轻度狭窄时心脏功能既已受损,并且随狭窄程度的增加心脏功能受损越明显,3D-STI技术可对其进行早期评价。     

三维斑点追踪成像定量评价青年尿毒症患者肾移植术后早期左心室整体应变

目的 应用三维超声斑点追踪成像(3D-STI)定量评价青年尿毒症患者肾移植术后早期左室整体应变。方法 选取成功行肾移植的青年尿毒症患者31例(肾移植组)及年龄性别相仿的健康志愿者 31例(对照组),正常对照组与肾移植组(术前、术后1月、术后3月)分别行常规超声心动图检查及3D-STI指标测量;比较各组左室整体纵向收缩期峰值应变(GLS)、左室整体径向收缩期峰值应变(GRS)、左室圆周收缩期峰值应变(GCS)和左室面积收缩期峰值应变(GAS)的差异。结果 术前肾移植组GLS、GCS、GRS、GAS低于正常对照组(P<0.05),术后一月,GLS较术前无显著差异,GCS、GRS、GAS较术前降低(P<0.05),术后三月,GLS、GCS、GRS、GAS较术前比较均升高(P<0.05)。术后三月GCS、GRS较正常对照组间无显著差异,GLS、GAS小于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论 1、GLS、GAS是尿毒症患者心肌受损的敏感指标,GRS、GCS是维持尿毒症患者心功能的主要因素;2、青年尿毒症患者肾移植早期心脏结构和功能得到有效改善。     

三维斑点追踪技术评价糖尿病患者左心室整体收缩功能

目的应用三维斑点追踪技术(3D-STI)评价2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者左室整体收缩功能,及其与颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性分析。方法收集65例T2DM患者(病例组),根据HbA1c水平分为DM1组30例(HbA1c7%)和DM2组35例(HbA1c≥7%),健康对照组40例,采用3D-STI技术获取各组左心室整体纵向收缩期峰值应变(GLS)、径向应变(GRS)、圆周应变(GCS)、面积应变(GAS)、左心室射血分数(LVEF),二维测量IMT,比较各组指标间的差异,并分析各应变值与IMT的相关性。结果与对照组相比,DM1组GLS降低,与对照组、DM1组相比,DM2组GLS、GAS、GCS及GRS降低,IMT在3组中逐渐增厚,差异均有统计学意义。GLS、GAS、GCS及GRS值与IMT呈负相关。结论 3D-STI可以准确地评价左室收缩功能,为临床提供可靠依据。     

三维斑点追踪技术在不同危险分层主动脉狭窄患者诊断中的应用

目的： 探索三维斑点追踪技术(3D-STI)在不同危险分层主动脉狭窄(AS)患者诊断中的应用价值。方法：选择我院2020年1月至2021年12月收治的79例AS患者及同期36例健康志愿者作为研究对象,根据AS危险程度分为对照组36例、轻度组30例、中度组25例及重度组24例。四组研究对象均进行常规超声和3D-STI检查,常规超声检测舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)及左室收缩末期内径(LVSD)；3D-STI检查整体面积应变(GAS)、LVEF、整体环向应变(GCS)、总体径向应变(GRS)、整体纵向应变(GLS)、3D-strain、扭矩、扭曲及旋转；采用Spearman分析AS危险程度与3D-STI检查参数之间相关性。结果：常规超声检测显示,重度组LVPWT、IVST水平均明显高于其他三组(P＜0.05)；3D-STI检测显示,中度组和重度组中GCS水平明显高于其他两组,GRS、GLS水平均明显低于其他两组,且重度组各指标变化幅度高于中度组(P＜0.05)；三组患者中3D-strain水平明显低于对照组,且扭矩、扭曲及旋转水平均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)；； AS危险程度与LVPWT、IVST、GCS、扭矩、扭曲及旋转均呈正相关(r_LVPWT=0.522,P_LVPWT=0.000；r_IVST=0.648,P _IVST =0.000；r_GCS=-0.637,P_GCS=0.000；r_扭矩=0.552,P_扭矩=0.000；r_扭曲=0.523,P_扭曲=0.000；r_旋转=0.648,P_旋转=0.000),与GRS、GLS及3D-strain呈负相关(r_GRS=-0.680,P_GRS=0.000；r _GLS=-0.581,P_GLS =0.000；r _3D-strain=0.700,P_3D-strain=0.000)。结论：AS危险程度越高,对心脏功能损伤也会越大,3D-STI可以在早期对其进行危险程度评估,效果良好。     

三维斑点追踪成像技术评价不同左心室构型高血压患者左心室收缩功能

目的 探讨三维斑点追踪成像(3D-STI)技术评价不同左心室构型高血压患者左心室收缩功能的价值。方法 随机抽取原发性高血压患者90例和30名健康志愿者(N组),根据Ganan分类方法将原发性高血压患者分为正常构型组40例(Ⅰ组)、向心性重构组20例(Ⅱ组)、向心性肥厚组15例(Ⅲ组)及离心性肥厚组15例(Ⅳ组)。采用3D-STI技术获取左心室整体纵向收缩期峰值应变(GLS)、径向收缩期峰值应变(GRS)、圆周收缩期峰值应变(GCS)、面积收缩期峰值应变(GAS)及左心室射血分数(LVEF),并分析各组间参数的变化规律。结果 GAS随着左心室重构程度加重呈逐渐递减趋势(P<0.05),Ⅰ组GAS峰值小于N组(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组GLS峰值低于N、Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组GRS峰值高于其余各组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组GLS、GRS、GCS、GAS峰值均低于其余各组(P<0.05)。左心室GLS、GCS、GAS、GRS与LVEF相关(r=-0.42、-0.50、-0.58、0.41,P均<0.05)。结论 3D-STI技术为分析不同左心室构型高血压患者的心肌形变提供了新方法。     

实时三维斑点追踪成像对扩张型心肌病患者左室收缩功能的研究

目的探讨实时三维斑点追踪成像(RT3D-STI)评价扩张型心肌病患者的左室收缩功能的临床价值。方法扩张型心肌病(DCM组)患者30例,体检健康者30例为对照组,实时三维超声心动图采取心尖全容积成像,分别测量左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、收缩末容积(LVESV)及射血分数(LVEF);RT3D-STI测量左室整体长轴应变(GLS)、整体轴向应变(GCS)、整体径向应变(GRS)及整体面积应变(GAS)。测定血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平,分析其与左室收缩功能参数的相关性。结果 1DCM组LVEDV、LVESV及血浆BNP均高于对照组,LVEF低于对照组(均P0.05)。2DCM组LVEF、GLS、GCS、GRS、GAS与血浆BNP水平均呈负相关,其中GAS与血浆BNP水平相关性最高,LVEF次之(r分别为-0.829、-0.705,P0.05)。3DCM组GLS、GCS、GRS、GAS均较对照组减低(P0.05),GLS、GCS、GRS及GAS与LVEF均具有较好相关性,其中GAS与LVEF相关性最高。4DCM组左室中间段GLS、GCS、GRS、GAS均高于基底段及心尖段(P0.05)。结论 RT3D-STI能够无创、简便、准确地评价DCM患者的左室收缩功能。     

三维斑点追踪技术评价阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征伴高血压患者左心室整体收缩功能

目的 应用三维斑点追踪（3D-STI）技术评价阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）伴高血压（HT）患者左心室整体收缩功能。方法 OSAHS 40例,分为单纯OSAHS组20例和OSAHS+HT组20例;另选择20名健康正常人作为正常对照组。行常规超声心动图检查,采集左心室心尖四腔三维全容积图像,存储图像并应用3D-STI分析软件在线分析,计算左心室整体纵向收缩峰值应变（GLS）、左心室整体径向收缩峰值应变（GRS）、左心室整体圆周收缩峰值应变（GCS）及左心室整体面积收缩峰值应变（GAS）。结果 与正常对照组相比,OSAHS组 左心室GLS、GRS、GAS减低（P均<0.05）,OSAHS+HT组左心室GLS、GRS、GCS、GAS均减低（P均<0.05）。与OSAHS组比较,OSAHS+HT组 左心室GLS、GCS、GAS均减低（P均<0.05）。结论 OSAHS合并HT患者存在左心室收缩功能受损。3D-STI能早期、准确有效地评估其左心室整体收缩功能改变。OSAHS患者心脏结构及功能变化独立于HT而单独存在,二者同时存在时改变加重。     

实时三维斑点追踪成像技术评价无节段性室壁运动异常的不同程度冠状动脉病变患者的心肌应变

目的 探讨实时三维斑点追踪成像（RT3D-STI）技术评价不同程度冠状动脉病变患者左心室心肌应变的价值。方法 收集超声结果提示无节段性室壁运动异常（RWMA）的冠心病患者109例,并根据冠状动脉造影（CAG）结果分为：对照组（n=30）、单支病变组（n=34）、多支病变组（n=45）。应用RT3D-STI技术获得左心室整体纵向应变（GLS）、整体周向应变（GCS）、整体面积应变（GAS）、整体径向应变（GRS）及左心室射血分数（LVEF）等,比较各参数的组间差异,并分析不同应变参数间及其与LVEF的相关性。结果 随着冠状动脉病变程度的加重,GLS、GCS、GAS、GRS逐渐减低,单支病变组低于对照组（P均<0.05）,多支病变组低于单支病变组（P均<0.05）,GAS组间差异较显著。GLS、GCS、GAS与GRS相关系数分别为-0.874、-0.848、-0.906,GAS与GRS相关关系更为密切;GLS、GCS、GAS、GRS与LVEF的相关系数分别为-0.684、-0.657、-0.717、0.672,GAS与LVEF相关性最好。结论 RT3D-STI技术参数能够定量评价无节段性室壁运动异常的不同程度冠状动脉病变患者心肌应变,测量准确性及可重复性高,新参数GAS更具优势。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.