大脑中动脉M2段闭塞血管再通研究进展

与颈内动脉和大脑中动脉M1段相比，大脑中动脉M2段更加纤细、迂曲，其急性闭塞后血 管再通治疗包括静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓及机械取栓，但血管内治疗的安全性和有效性仍有争议。目前 的研究显示，动脉溶栓和机械取栓的血管再通率高于单纯的静脉溶栓，但这3种治疗方法对90 d预 后的影响差异不大。另外，因研究相对较少，目前治疗方法对出血转化的影响尚无定论。     

机械取栓治疗急性大脑前动脉闭塞临床分析

目的 探讨机械取栓治疗大脑前动脉闭塞的疗效和结局.方法 回顾性分析2018-01—2020-06在徐州医科大学附属医院采用机械取栓治疗的7例急性大脑前动脉闭塞患者的临床资料,主要终点定义为在脑梗死溶栓治疗后血流分级(TICI)≥2b为血管再通,次要终点包括90 d改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分和有无症状性颅内出血...     

支架取栓术治疗合并副大脑中动脉的急性大脑中动脉闭塞1例

副大脑中动脉(accessory middle cerebral artery,AMCA)是指起源于大脑前动脉,行经侧裂并与大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)伴行,参与MCA供血区供血的脑血管变异,文献报道发生率约为0.3％.本文报道1例合并AMCA变异的急性MCA闭塞,通过swim技术...     

颅内支撑导管联合Solitaire FR取栓支架技术治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞脑梗死临床观察

目的 分析颅内支撑导管联合Solitaire FR取栓支架(solitaire FR with intracranial support catheter for mechanical thrombectomy,SWIM)技术治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞脑梗死的安全性、有效性.方法 选取2019-05—2020-05湛江中心...     

机械取栓联合动脉溶栓与单纯动脉溶栓治疗急性基底动脉闭塞的疗效对比

<正>急性基底动脉闭塞是神经内科急症之一,一旦发病,病死率极高,即使存活,也往往留有严重后遗症,成为家庭和社会的负担。据统计,全球每年因卒中死亡的人数590万左右,其中急性基底动脉闭塞导致的死亡约100万人,怎样减少该病的致死、致残率是迫切需要解决的问题。静脉溶栓作为急性期治疗颅内血管闭塞的常用方法,操作简便,耗时短,但血管的再通率低,预后效果欠理想,随着介入技术的提高     

HR-MRI血管壁成像在不同年龄大脑中动脉急性闭塞患者机械取栓术后的诊疗价值研究

目的 比较青年和中老年大脑中动脉急性闭塞患者动脉机械取栓血管再通后HR-MRI血管壁成像 的特点。 方法 回顾性纳入2015年6月-2018年6月在深圳市宝安人民医院神经外科确诊并行大脑中动脉急 性闭塞机械取栓治疗患者的资料。根据患者入院时年龄分为青年组（≤45岁）和中老年组（＞45岁）, 比较两组机械取栓血管再通术后4周和6个月患侧大脑中动脉的HR-MRI血管壁成像特点（管腔狭窄率、 管壁重构指数、动脉粥样硬化斑块厚度及斑块强化率）及1年预后情况（mRS≤3分为预后良好）。 结果 共纳入30例患者,其中青年组16例,中老年组14例。机械取栓血管再通术后4周,两组责 任侧大脑中动脉管腔狭窄率、重构指数、动脉粥样硬化斑块厚度及斑块强化率比较差异无统计 学意义。机械取栓血管再通术后6个月,青年组治疗侧大脑中动脉管腔狭窄率（37.47%±0.04% vs 60.00%±0.11%,P =0.024）、动脉粥样硬化斑块厚度（0.63±0.18 mm vs 1.56±0.35 mm,P =0.016）及 斑块强化率（0.35%±0.17% vs 0.57%±0.24%,P =0.043）低于中老年组。两组间术后6个月时管壁重 构指数和1年良好预后率差异均无统计学意义。 结论 与青年相比,中老年患者患侧大脑中动脉机械取栓再通术后的管腔狭窄程度、动脉粥样硬 化斑块厚度及斑块强化率更高,提示年龄可能是脑血管动脉粥样硬化斑块进展的影响因素。     

急性大脑中动脉闭塞机械取栓治疗的观察性研究

目的探讨大脑中动脉急性闭塞后行血管内机械取栓的优化治疗方式及疗效。方法以行血管内机械取栓的大脑中动脉闭塞的急性缺血性卒中患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其责任病灶特点、血管内治疗方式、血管开通状况及术后神经功能改善状况。结果连续纳入2014年1月-2016年8月期间于中山市人民医院脑血管介入科行急性大脑中动脉闭塞机械取栓的患者77例,其中M1段闭塞52例(右侧27例,左侧25例),上干闭塞15例,下干闭塞10例。取栓后Solitaire支架释放在狭窄部位17例,合并大脑中动脉严重狭窄应用Gateway球囊扩张6例,局部动脉给予溶栓药物3例。经血管内治疗后,77例大脑中动脉闭塞全部成功开通。术后再灌注出血6例(7.79%),取栓术后因急性脑肿胀行去骨瓣减压术5例(6.49%),术后90 d患者预后良好[改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分2分]48例(62.34%)。结论大脑中动脉急性闭塞行Solitaire支架急诊取栓可获得满意的再通率及3个月良好预后。     

机械碎栓、支架取栓联合动脉注射rt-PA治疗急性脑血管闭塞的疗效观察

目的 评价动脉途径给予rt-PA结合微导丝、微导管机械碎栓、Solitaire AB支架对急性脑血管闭塞的临床效果及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2010年10月至2012年3月收治的42例应用rt-PA结合微导丝、微导管机械碎栓和(或)Solitaire AB支架治疗的急性脑血管闭塞患者的临床资料.结果 42例患者闭塞脑血管完全或部分再通,再通率为100％;其中37例完全再通,完全再通率88％.术后1例发生基底节区脑出血,1例发生蛛网膜下腔出血,1例出现昏迷并持续高热,于术后8d死亡.9例(21％)经后期内科治疗后遗留不同程度的神经功能障碍.术前和术后不同时间NIHSS评分及ADL评分相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对治疗时间窗内的急性脑血管闭塞患者,微导管、微导丝机械性碎栓和(或)Solitaire AB支架结合动脉内注射rt-PA治疗是安全有效的.     

颈动脉穿刺入路大脑中动脉M1闭塞机械取栓1例并文献回顾

目的 探讨在急性前循环大动脉闭塞所致缺血性脑卒中急诊机械取栓术中股动脉入路失败后颈动脉入路的穿刺细节及可行性分析。方法 报道1例急性大脑中动脉M1闭塞患者股动脉入路失败,改颈动脉穿刺成功完成支架取栓手术。对以下数据库收录的论文进行检索:中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、生物医学文献数据库(PubMed)、万方数据知识服务平台。结果 可检索到颈动脉穿刺入路脑血管造影、颈动脉支架置入术、颅内动脉瘤栓塞术的相关报道,主要描述到颈动脉入路的可行性及穿刺并发症。结论 急性前循环大动脉闭塞所致缺血性脑卒中患者在急诊取栓术中如主动脉弓上血管迂曲或变异经股动脉或桡动脉(肱动脉)入路困难或失败者,可改颈动脉穿刺完成手术,有一定的手术可行性,但因相关病例报道较少,安全性仍需进一步探讨。     

支架机械取栓治疗急性基底动脉闭塞的疗效观察

目的观察急性基底动脉闭塞行支架机械取栓治疗的可行性和疗效。方法回顾性纳入2013年9月至2016年12月海军军医大学附属长海医院神经外科收治的30例急性基底动脉闭塞的患者。其中采用Solumbra技术取栓17例,采用单纯支架取栓13例。评价基底动脉闭塞行支架机械取栓治疗的技术可行性、血管再通率、90 d时的预后良好率及手术并发症等。分析术后24 h的神经功能变化、不同技术手段对血管再通率的影响及卒中分型与预后的关系。结果30例急性基底动脉闭塞患者中,50%（15例）的患者为心源性栓塞型。支架机械取栓术后有87%（26/30）的闭塞血管成功再通[改良脑梗死溶栓（mTICI）分级为2b/3级];术后90 d的预后良好率[改良Rankin量表评分（mRS）≤3分]为67%（20/30）。支架取栓术后24 h美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分的中位数较术前明显降低（分别为3分、25分,P＝0.003）。单因素分析结果表明,Solumbra技术组一次取栓血管再通达到mTICI 2b/3级的比率明显高于单纯支架取栓组（分别为69%、30%,P＝0.033）;心源性栓塞型患者的预后良好率明显高于大动脉粥样硬化型患者（分别为87%、45%,P＝0.038）。常见的手术并发症或不良事件包括异位栓塞、出血转化、无效再灌注、再闭塞等。术后90 d随访的病死率为10%（3/30）。结论急性基底动脉闭塞行支架机械取栓治疗安全可行;选择适宜的支架取拴技术有利于提高血管再通率。心源性栓塞型可能是预测基底动脉闭塞机械取栓术后预后良好的重要因素。     

Solitaire~(TM)支架取栓治疗急性基底动脉闭塞研究

目的评估急性基底动脉闭塞患者使用SolitaireTM支架机械取栓的有效性和安全性,分析其临床预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析本中心连续入组的30例急性基底动脉闭塞患者,均使用SolitaireTM支架设备进行机械取栓治疗分析支架,分析取栓治疗的再通率及并发症,评估治疗90 d临床预后,分析影响临床预后的因素。结果 30例患者均顺利完成机械取栓手术。患者平均年龄为(58.6±8.4)岁,术前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分中位数25.5分(21.3,29.5),格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分中位数8分(6.0,9.8),改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分中位数5分(5.0,5.0)。成功再通[脑梗死溶栓分级(Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia Scale,TICI)3或2b级]28例(93.3%),6例(20.0%)发生症状性颅内出血,9例(30.0%)患者预后良好(m RS 0~2分)。9例死亡,死亡率为30.0%(9/30)。术前患者意识不清(P=0.014)及m RS评分较高(P=0.020)与不良预后(m RS2分)相关。结论使用SolitaireTM支架进行急性基底动脉闭塞患者的机械取栓,有较高的再通率,能够改善功能性预后。     

Efficacy of Proximal Aspiration Thrombectomy for Using Balloon-Tipped Guide Catheter in Acute Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion

ObjectiveMechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is often complicated by difficult revascularization and non-involved territory embolization possibly related with larger clot-burden. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of proximal aspiration thrombectomy (PAT) using a balloon-tipped guide catheter for clot-burden reduction in such cases with period-to-period analysis (period 1 : standard MT without PAT; period 2 : PAT first, then standard MT for the remaining occlusion).MethodsEighty-six patients who underwent MT for acute intracranial ICA occlusion were included in this analysis from the prospectively maintained stroke registry (33 patients in period 1 and 53 in period 2). In period 2, ''responder'' was defined as a case where some amount of clot was retrieved by PAT and the following angiography showed partial or full recanalization.ResultsFifteen of fifty-three patients in period 2 (28.3%) were ''responders'' to PAT. There was a significantly higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in the ''responder'' subgroup. Period 2 showed a significantly shorter puncture-to-reperfusion time (94.5 minutes vs. 56.0 minutes; p=0.002), a significantly higher Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction of 2b-3 reperfusion (45.5% vs. 73.6%; p=0.009), but only a trend for better 3-month favorable outcome (mRS 0–2; 36.4% vs. 54.7%; p=0.097). There was no increase in the incidence of procedure-related complications or intracranial hemorrhage in period 2.ConclusionA strategy of PAT before standard MT may result in shorter puncture-to-reperfusion time and better angiographic outcome than a strategy of standard MT for acute intracranial ICA occlusion.     

Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery Branch Mimicking Aneurysm

A 26-year-old man was admitted to our department due to intermittent left hemiparesis for 3 months. Magnetic resonance image showed subacute infarction in the right precentral gyrus. Digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance angiography revealed an aneurysmal protrusion at the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation. It was difficult to differentiate the aneurysm from the occlusion of the middle trunk of the MCA trifurcation. Brain single photon emission computerized tomography showed a decrease in perfusion in the right posterior frontal lobe without vascular reserve. Therefore, we planned a superficial temporal artery-MCA anastomosis with an exploration of the right MCA bifurcation. Intraoperatively, the aneurysmal opacification on preoperative angiography proved to be the proximal stump of the occluded middle trunk of the MCA trifurcation. An aneurysmal protrusion at the MCA bifurcation does not always indicate an aneurysm. In diagnosing protruding vascular lesions at the MCA bifurcation, the possibility of a vascular stump should be considered according to their angioanatomical appearance and the history of the patient.     

后循环CTA评分对急性基底动脉闭塞机械取栓临床结局的预测作用研究

目的 通过脑血管造影来评估及验证后循环计算机断层扫描血管成像（p o ste ri or c i rcu l ati o n computed tomography angiography,pc-CTA）评分在急性基底动脉闭塞患者使用支架取栓装置机械取 栓后对临床结局的预测作用。      

Early Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Brain Stem Score for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy

Background

The diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) brain stem score (BSS) is an easy to use and can predict the clinical outcome of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) who underwent endovascular thrombectomy. The purpose of the current study was to validate its performance in Chinese acute BAO patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy.

Manual Aspiration Thrombectomy Using Penumbra Catheter in Patients with Acute M2 Occlusion : A Single-Center Analysis

ObjectiveThe efficacy and safety of manual aspiration thrombectomy using Penumbra in an acute occlusion of large intracranial arteries has been proven in many previous studies. Our study aimed to retrospectively assess the efficacy and safety of manual aspiration thrombectomy using Penumbra in patients with small vessel occlusions (M2 segment of the MCA).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 32 patients who underwent manual aspiration thrombectomy using the Penumbra 4 MAX Reperfusion Catheter for treatment of an M2 occlusion between January 2013 and November 2014. We evaluated immediate angiographic results and clinical outcomes through review of patient electronic medical records.ResultsThere were slightly more men in this study (M : F=18 : 14) and the median age was 72.5 (age range : 41–90). The rate of successful recanalization (TICI grade ≥2b) was 84% (27/32). NIHSS at discharge and favorable clinical outcomes at 3 months were significantly improved than baseline. Median initial NIHSS score was 10 (range : 4–25) and was 4 (range : 0–14) at discharge. Favorable clinical outcomes (mRS score ≤2 at 3 months) were seen in 25 out of 32 patients (78%). There were no procedure-related symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages. One patient expired after discharge due to a cardiac problem.ConclusionManual aspiration thrombectomy might be safe and is capable of achieving a high rate of successful recanalization and favorable clinical outcomes in patients with distal cerebral vessel occlusion (M2).     

无症状大脑中动脉闭塞的临床研究

目的 探讨无症状大脑中动脉闭塞患者的临床和影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月-2019年1月连续住院并行头颅MRA检查患者的临床及影像学资料,选择无症状性大脑中动脉主干闭塞患者作为研究对象,分析其临床和影像学特点.结果 研究共筛查3967例行头颅MRA检查的患者,其中无症状大脑中动脉闭塞者23例(0.58％),...