肠易激综合征发病机制的研究进展

肠易激综合征(IBS)的发病机制虽然仍不十分明确,但近年来除了在内脏高敏、肠动力异常等传统观点认为的病理生理基础上有新的发现外,在其他多方面均有重要的研究进展。此文从基因易感性、神经递质、感染及免疫、肠黏膜屏障、神经系统、精神心理因素、动物模型等方面较完整的对IBS发病机制的研究进展作一综述。     

细菌性痢疾与肠易激综合征相关性分析

目的:探讨细菌性痢疾与肠易激综合征(IBS)的相关性.方法:通过对建湖县第三人民医院2003-09/2005-10确诊为IBS的98例患者中曾患细菌性痢疾的22例患者进行性别、年龄、痢疾的类型(急性与慢性)及IBS类型(腹泻型、便秘型、混合型)等资料相关性分析及相对应比较.结果:在有菌痢病史的22例IBS患者中,女性(n=15,68.2%)明显多于男性(n=7,31.8%);31-35岁(n=15,68.2%)多于10-30岁(n=3,13.6%)及45岁以上(n=4,18.2%);急性菌痢(n=18,81.8%)明显多于慢性菌痢(n=4,18.2%);腹泻型(n=14,63.6%)、便秘型(n=6,27.3%)及混合型(n=2,9.1%)中,以腹泻型为主.结论:细菌性痢疾与IBS有相关性.与菌痢相关的IBS患者中,以腹泻型为主,女性、中年、急性菌痢患者与IBS更具有相关性.     

肠易激综合征发病机制研究进展

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome, IBS)是常见的功能性胃肠病, 其发病机制尚未完全阐明.目前认为IBS是由多种因素共同作用的结果, 肠道动力异常, 内脏高敏感性为IBS发病的病理生理基础.本文对IBS的多种发病机制的最新研究作一综述.     

Genetic polymorphism in pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a complex symptombased disorder without established biomarkers or putative pathophysiology.IBS is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder which is defined as recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort that has at least two of the following symptoms for 3 d per month in the past 3mo according to ROMEⅢ:relief by defecation,onset associated with a change in stool frequency or onset with change in appearance or form of stool.Recent discoveries revealed genetic polymorphisms in specific cytokines and neuropeptides may possibly influence the frequencies and severity of symptoms,as well as the therapeutic responses in treating IBS patients.This review gives new insights on how genetic determinations influence in clinical manifestations,treatment responses and potential biomarkers of IBS.     

神经生长因子与肠易激综合征

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是一种原因不明的慢性肠功能紊乱性疾病,其发病机制尚不完全清楚。目前多数学者认为IBS为神经内分泌免疫网络失衡造成的。神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)是神经内分泌免疫网络的重要成员。NGF可能参与IBS的发病过程。     

遗传多态性与肠易激综合征发病的关系

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome, IBS)是最常见的一种功能性疾病,病因尚不清楚,先前的研究表明其发病机制与下列因素有关:胃肠动力学异常,内脏感觉异常,精神因素,神经递质和肠道菌群失衡,肠道感染以及食物不耐受等因素.而近来遗传因素和IBS发病关系的研究也进一步深入,本文综述遗传和相关基因多态性与IBS发病之间的联系.     

肠易激综合征发病机制的研究进展

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是一种以腹部不适和排便习惯改变为特征的胃肠功能性疾病.IBS的发病机制仍不清楚,传统观点认为基因、心理社会因素、胃肠动力障碍和内脏高敏感性等是引起IBS的关键因素.近年来,人们陆续发现了一些与IBS发病相关的新病理生理学改变依据,如脑肠轴调节失常、肠道感染、肥大细胞的激活并释放活性物质等.本文总结与IBS发病机制相关的一些最新研究进展.     

肠易激综合征发病机制研究进展

肠易激综合征（irritable bowel syndrome,IBS）是常见的功能性肠病,以腹痛伴有大便性状和排便习惯改变为主 要表现。IBS 发病机制复杂,包括了增加IBS易感性的因素及与症状发作相关的因素,多种因素相互作用导致了相应 的病理生理变化,从而产生IBS症状,文章就已有的研究结果对IBS的发病机制进行总结。     

Incidence and epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome after a large waterborne outbreak of bacterial dysentery

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is a common clinical phenomenon. To better define its incidence and epidemiology, a large cohort study was initiated after the contamination of a municipal water supply led to a large outbreak of acute Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis. METHODS: Local residents were invited to undergo structured assessments at research clinics established 2 years after the outbreak. Permanent adult residents with no prior history of inflammatory bowel disease or IBS were eligible. Standardized questionnaires defined past and current health. The cohort was divided into controls without gastroenteritis, subjects with clinically suspected gastroenteritis, and subjects with only self-reported gastroenteritis that could not be substantiated by another source. A modified Bowel Disease Questionnaire identified IBS according to Rome criteria. The incidence and epidemiology of PI-IBS was characterized. Risk factors were assessed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 2069 eligible study participants. Rome I criteria were met by 71 of 701 controls (10.1%) vs 249 of 904 subjects with self-reported gastroenteritis (27.5%) and 168 of 464 subjects with clinically suspected gastroenteritis (36.2%) (all comparisons, P < 001). Independent risk factors for PI-IBS included younger age, female sex, bloody stools, abdominal cramps, weight loss, and prolonged diarrhea. PI-IBS was more likely than sporadic IBS to show diarrhea-predominant features. CONCLUSIONS: PI-IBS is common after gastroenteritis from water contamination and often is diarrhea-predominant. Characteristics of the acute illness identify patients at increased risk for PI-IBS.     

Gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: their role in its pathogenesis and treatment

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder characterized by abdominal pain, change in bowel habit, and bloating. It has traditionally been viewed as a disorder of visceral hypersensitivity heavily influenced by stress, and therefore therapeutic strategies to date have largely reflected this. However, more recently, there is good evidence for a role of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota in its pathogenesis. Changes in fecal microbiota, the use of probiotics, the phenomenon of postinfectious IBS, and the recognition of an upregulated host immune system response suggest that an interaction between the host and GI microbiota may be important in the pathogenesis of IBS. This article explores the role of the GI microbiota in IBS and how their modification might lead to therapeutic benefit.     

肠易激综合征发病机制的研究现状

肠易激综合征 (ｉｒｒｉｔａｂｌｅｂｏｗｅｌｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ ,ＩＢＳ)是与肠道动力学异常有关的功能性疾病 ,是指一组包括排便习惯改变 (腹泻 /便秘 )、粪便性状异常 (稀便、黏液便 /硬结便 )、腹痛及腹胀等症候群 ,持续存在或间歇发作。目前 ,ＩＢＳ仍被认为是功能性疾病 ,尽管不危及人的生命 ,却可不同程度地影响工作与生活 ,降低生活质量 ,占用有限的医疗资源。ＩＢＳ是人群常见病、多发病 ,西方国家统计 ,门诊病人中ＩＢＳ占 10 .6 % ,人群患病率为 7.1%～13.6 %。我国目前尚无全国性的统计资料 ,潘国宗等对北京城郊人口的流行病学调…     

The pathogenesis of bloating and visible distension in irritable bowel syndrome

Abdominal bloating is a relevant, troublesome, and poorly understood clinical problem. Despite its clinical importance, bloating remains substantially ignored, without proper clinical classification, known pathophysiology, and effective treatment. It is not even clear to what extent the complaints of individual patients correlate with objective evidence of abdominal distension, and this uncertainly regarding the subjective or objective origin of the complaints further adds to confusion. This article proposed a framework for investigating bloating, considering key factors potentially involved in its pathophysiology: distorted sensation, physical abdominal expansion, and abdominal wall dystony. Some data indicate that patients complaining of bloating have impaired transit and tolerance of intestinal gas loads. The problem does not seem to be too much gas,however, but rather abnormal responses to gas. Furthermore, abnormal control of abdominal muscle activity in these patients may contribute to objective distension. Bloating, like many other abdominal symptoms,probably represents a heterogeneous condition produced by a combination of pathophysiological mechanisms that differ among individual patients,resulting in a polymorphic clinical presentation.     

Mucosal inflammation as a potential etiological factor in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review

Background  

The causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remain obscure. Some investigators have proposed chronic low-grade mucosal inflammation as a potential etiological factor. We performed a systematic review to examine this issue in detail.     

Dyspepsia and its overlap with irritable bowel syndrome

Patients with functional dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome are commonly seen in both primary care and gastroenterology subspecialty settings. Although functional dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome can occur separately, recent research suggests that they often appear together as an overlap syndrome and thus may represent different portions of a unifying spectrum of disease. Despite their widespread prevalence, the pathogenesis of these disorders is not well established but may include impaired gastric emptying, gastric dysrhythmias, hypersensitivity (to acid exposure and to stretch), and Helicobacter pylori infection. Once other disorders in the differential diagnosis have been excluded, treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and the overlap syndrome without alarm signs underscores current prevailing pathophysiologies and is generally empiric and symptom based. It is hoped that management of these disorders will become more targeted and efficacious as our understanding of them improves.     

Antiflagellin antibodies suggest infective participation in irritable bowel syndrome pathogenesis

Evaluation of: Schoepfer AM, Schaffer T, Seibold-Schmid B et al. Antibodies to flagellin indicate reactivity to bacterial antigens in IBS patients. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 20(10), 1110–1118 (2008).

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of multifactorial origin. Recent attention has been paid to the potential role of immune activation in intestinal sensorimotor dysfunction and symptom generation in patients with IBS. The link between immune activation and IBS is further supported by the evidence that IBS may develop after an acute episode of infectious gastroenteritis, IBS-like symptoms may precede the diagnosis or accompany a period of remission of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and quantitative histopathologic data demonstrate the presence of low-grade mucosal immune infiltration in a large subset of patients with IBS. These data also suggest some areas of potential overlap between IBS and IBD. The present study explored the possibility that, similarly to IBD patients, IBS patients have antibodies directed against certain components of indigenous flora, such as flagellin (the primary structural component of bacterial flagella). The authors demonstrated that, compared with healthy controls, antibodies against flagellin were recognized more frequently in patients with IBS. Furthermore, these antibodies were found more frequently in postinfectious compared with unspecific IBS. In patients with Crohn’s disease, antiflagellin antibodies were detected with an increased frequency and at higher concentrations than in patients with IBS. All together, these results indicated the presence of a systemic immune activation in IBS patients, characterized by specific antibodies directed against luminal bacterial antigens. Furthermore, these results support the hypothesis that a subset of IBS presents an immune activation with pathogenic features common with IBD.     

脑-肠轴在肠易激综合征发病中的作用

肠易激综合征(IBS)的发病可能与肠道动力异常、内脏高敏感、感染、精神心理等有关。脑-肠轴在IBS发病中的作用引起普遍关注,上述的发病因素均可整合到脑-肠互动框架中进行阐述,脑-肠轴成为研究IBS发病机制的切入点。本文从脑-肠轴的概念、作用机制、脑-肠轴功能异常与IBS发病、靶向治疗等方面对脑-肠轴在IBS发病中的作用作一综述。     

New insights into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome.

The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome is complex and still incompletely known. Potential pathogenetic factors include genes, infectious events, psychological symptoms and other loosely defined environmental factors. Both alterations at the central and peripheral level are thought to contribute to the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, including psychosocial factors, abnormal gastrointestinal motility and secretion, and visceral hypersensitivity. Today irritable bowel syndrome is viewed upon as a disorder of dysregulation of the so-called brain-gut axis, involving abnormal function in the enteric, autonomic and/or central nervous systems, with peripheral abnormalities probably dominating in some patients and disturbed central processing of signals from the periphery in others. Lines of evidence also suggest that inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract may be of great importance in at least subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome patients. To conclude, a complex picture of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome is emerging, with interactions between several different alterations resulting in the divergent symptom pattern in these patients.     

脑-肠互动在肠易激综合征发病中的作用

肠易激综合征(IBS)发病机制尚未完全阐明.目前研究认为,其发病机制与胃肠动力异常、内脏高敏感性、肠道感染、脑-肠互动、脑肠肽和受体以及社会心理因素有关,而脑-肠互动在IBS发病中的作用引起研究者的普遍关注,IBS上述的发病因素均可整合到脑-肠互动框架中进行阐述,脑-肠互动是研究IBS发病机制的切入点.本文从脑-肠轴及脑-肠互动,IBS发病因素与脑-肠互动以及临床治疗研究3个方面阐述脑-肠互动在IBS发病中的重要作用,以揭示脑-肠互动病理生理实质.