高血压大家系中胰岛素抵抗与高血压关系的研究

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗是否为所研究高血压大家系的遗传中间表型,研究胰岛素抵抗与高血压关系.方法我们在北京石景山区收集到一个高血压大家系,共4代约220人,以该高血压大家系成员为观察对象,检测其空腹血糖(FPG),血脂,血浆胰岛素(FINS),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IR)反映胰岛素抵抗的情况.结果该家系直系成员高血压组和血压正常组IR值都显著高于家族旁系血压正常(亦无高血压家族史)组.Logistic回归分析显示在家族直系成员中,年龄为影响血压的主要因素,旁系中年龄,IR为影响血压的主要因素,而以IR对血压的影响最大.结论胰岛素抵抗对该高血压大家系血压水平有一定影响,能否作为其遗传中间表型尚需进一步研究,但在该家系居住的同一地区人群中,胰岛素抵抗是影响血压的重要危险因素,可能同高血压有共同的遗传因素.     

胰岛素抵抗--遗传和环境因素致高血压的共同途径?

目的　探讨胰岛素抵抗是否是遗传和环境因素致高血压的共同途径。方法　大庆地区具有血缘关系的三代内直系亲属 2 86核心家庭成员 858人 ,年龄 1 8～ 74岁。测血压、空腹血糖 (FPG)、胰岛素 (FINS)、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、纤维蛋白原。计算胰岛素敏感性(ISI) =1 / (FPG×FINS) ,胰岛素抵抗 (IR) =(FPG×FINS) / 2 2 .5。以多因素回归分析探讨遗传和环境因素对血压水平的贡献。结果　原发性高血压组无论其有无阳性高血压家族史 ,胰岛素敏感性都较差。多因素逐步回归分析结果显示 ,胰岛素敏感性是高血压伴高血压家族史者、高血压不伴高血压家族史者及正常血压不伴高血压家族史 (且其配偶血压也正常 )者血压升高最重要的因素 ,能解释平均血压 (MBP)变化的 1 7% ;而空腹血糖、总胆固醇与HDL C 3项只能解释MBP变化的 9%。在分析自变量中加入高血压家族史一项时 ,则阳性高血压家族史成了血压升高最重要的因素 ,仅此一项就可解释MBP变化的 30 % ,而胰岛素敏感性对血压水平的贡献大幅度削弱 ,仅能解释MBP的 7%。对配偶组的分析显示同样趋势。结论　胰岛素抵抗是遗传及环境因素致高血压重要的共同途径 ,遗传因素还通过胰岛素抵抗以外的途径使血压升高     

高血压家族遗传因素、超重与胰岛素抵抗的关系及其相加作用的研究

为探讨高血压家族遗传因素、超重与胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）关系及其相加作用，本研究采用家系调查法，对比分析高血压家系直系亲属正常血压者和对照家系直系亲属的有关参数。两家系均按超重和非超重（ＢＭＩ≥２５ｋｇ／ｍ２或ＢＭＩ＜２５ｋｇ／ｍ２）分组。结果表明：四组间除血糖外，胰岛素及其对数转换值、胰岛素敏感指数均有显著的统计学差异；高血压家系非超重组胰岛素敏感指数显著低于对照家系相应组，调整年龄、性别后，各组间胰岛素水平呈高血压家系超重组＞对照家系超重组＞高血压家系非超重组＞对照家系非超重组，而且，无论高血压或对照家系，超重组胰岛素均显著高于非超重组，高血压家系超重组与其它各组间差异均达到统计学显著性水平。这些结果提示，有家族遗传因素者在高血压发生前就可能存在ＩＲ，且遗传因素和超重对ＩＲ具有相加作用。     

高血压家族遗传因素,超重与胰岛素抵抗的关系及其相加作…

为探讨高血压家族遗传因素，超重与胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）关系及相加作用，本研究采用家系调查法，对比分析高血压家系直亲属正常血压者和对照家系直系亲属的有关参数，两家系均按超重和非超重（ＢＭＩ≥２５ｋｇ／ｍ＾２或ＢＭＩ〈２５ｋｇ／ｍ＾２）分组，结果表明，四组间除血糖外，胰岛素及其对数转换植，胰岛素敏感指数均有显著的统计学差异，高血压家系非超重组胰岛纱敏感显著低于对照家系相应组，调整年龄，性别后，各组间胰镐素     

高血压遗传因素与胰岛素抵抗

目的探讨高血压遗传因素与胰岛素抵抗及其他代谢因素的关系。方法采用家系调查方法，共调查高血压家系２５个，包括直系亲属１５８例，其中高血压５４例，血压正常者１０４例；对照家系１５个，直系亲属６５人。对比分析高血压家系有无高血压及对照家系直系亲属尿酸、血脂、血糖及胰岛素的差异。结果调整年龄、性别后，在高血压家系中无论是否患高血压，甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、ＴＧ的对数转换值（ｌｏｇＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）、血浆总胆固醇（ＴＣ）／ＨＤＬＣ、尿酸、胰岛素（ＩＮ）及其对转换值（ｌｏｇＩＮ）均显著高于对照家系，而高血压家系内有无高血压两组比较，除胰岛素、ｌｏｇＩＮ外，其他因素均无显著差别，进一步调整年龄、性别、体重指数后比较，ＴＧ、ｌｏｇＴＧ在三组间差异不再显著，尿酸、ＴＣ／ＨＤＬＣ、ｌｏｇＩＮ在高血压家系内高血压及血压正常人群间无显著统计学差别，但两者与对照家系相比均显著升高。结论具有高血压遗传因素者无论是否患高血压均有显著的胰岛素抵抗和代谢紊乱，这些代谢异常可能在超重和高血压发生前就已存在。     

北京农村地区高血压家系调查

目的了解北京农村地区高血压家系流行病学特点.方法共调查高血压家系135个,含直系血亲671人(男性355人,女性316人),配偶271人(男性82人,女性189人).分析比较高血压知晓率、服药率、控制率以及高血压相关指标的差异.结果家系成员高血压知晓率、服药率、控制率处于较高水平;家系血亲与配偶比平均发病年龄较低,收缩压、舒张压、腰臀比、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、尿酸、尿素氮较高;且存在危险因素聚集现象.结论该地区高血压家系的高血压防治工作水平较高;遗传因素是导致两组人群相关指标差异及危险因素的聚集的主要原因.     

家族性原发性高血压与血管紧张素原基因M235T突变关系的研究

目的：探讨血管紧张素原基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ突变与家族性原发性高血压（ＥＨ）的关系。　　方法：应用脱氧核糖核酸（ＤＮＡ）杂交和测序检定方法,对一个典型原发性高血压大家系１００名成员［分直系亲属高血压组（ｎ＝ ４５）、直系亲属正常血压组（ｎ＝ ３８）及非直系亲属正常血压组（ｎ＝ １７）］和正常血压对照家系直系亲属２１ 名（为正常对照组）成员按＜ ３５岁和≥３５岁２个年龄层的Ｍ２３５Ｔ突变进行分析。　　结果：比较４组在＜ ３５ 岁和≥３５ 岁２个年龄层的Ｍ２３５Ｔ分布。表明各年龄层中,４组间Ｍ２３５Ｔ基因型及基因频率分布未见显著不同。　　结论：血管紧张素原基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ突变与该家族性原发性高血压没有显著关联;Ｍ２３５Ｔ突变可能不是该家族性原发性高血压的遗传易感因素。     

高血压遗传史与胰岛素抵抗，高血压的关联

目的 探讨高血压遗传史对第二、三代直系亲属血压水平,胰岛素抵抗及致动脉粥样硬化危险因素的影响。方法 对象为高血压家族史阳性病例187人,高血压家族史阴性99人及他们的配偶子女286家858人,指标包括血压、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三脂、高密胆固醇、纤维蛋白原、胰岛素敏感指数。结果 调整年龄、性别影响后,高血压家族史阳性第二代高血压、血压正常者之胰岛素敏感指数相似,但均相当于高血压家族史阴性第二代非高血压的2／3。高血压家族史阳性的第二代高血压,血压正常者组的FSG、TC、TG、FB均高于而HDL－c低于后者。第三代子女间血压、TC、TG、FSG、HDL－c趋势与第二代结果相似,但胰岛素敏感指数仅为家族史阴性组的4／5。结论 高血压遗传因素可影响第二代及第三代子女,不管遗传或不遗传高血压,但毫无例外地遗传胰岛素抵抗及相关的代谢,表明胰岛素抵抗是高血压遗传因素的主要内容;胰岛素抵抗是否产生高血压尚必须有其他辅助条件或环境因素。     

高血压遗传史与胰岛素抵抗,高血压的关联

目的探讨高血压遗传史对第二,三代直系亲属血压水平,胰岛素抵抗及致动脉粥样硬化危险因素的影响.方法对象为高血压家族史阳性病例187人,高血压家族史阴性99人及他们的配偶子女286家858人.指标包括血压、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三脂、高密胆固醇、纤维蛋白原、胰岛素敏感指数.结果调整年龄、性别影响后,高血压家族史阳性的第二代高血压,血压正常者之胰岛素敏感指数相似,但均相当于高血压家族史阴性第二代非高血压的2/3.高血压家族史阳性的第二代高血压,血压正常者组的FSG、TC、TG、FB均高于而HDL-c低于后者.第三代子女间血压、TC、TG、FSG、HDL-c趋势与第二代结果相似,但胰岛素敏感指数仅为家族史阴性组的4/5.结论高血压遗传因素可影响第二代及第三代子女,不管遗传或不遗传高血压,但毫无例外地遗传胰岛素抵抗及相关的代谢,表明胰岛素抵抗是高血压遗传因素的主要内容;胰岛素抵抗是否产生高血压尚必须有其他辅助条件或环境因素.     

高血压家族遗传因素与心血管病危险因素聚集关系的研究

目的：探讨高血压遗传因素与心血管病危险因素聚集的关系。方法：采用家系调查方法，对比分析高血压家系和对照家系直系亲属的危险因素个体聚集性。共调查高血压家系２５个，含直系亲属１５８例，其中包括高血压患者５４例，血压正常者１０４例；对照家系１５个，含直系亲属６５人。结果：超重（体重指数＞２５ｋｇ／ｍ２），高甘油三酯（甘油三酯＞２．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），高尿酸血症（男：尿酸＞３７４．９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ；女：尿酸＞３１５．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），高胰岛素血症（胰岛素＞１２．２μｍｏｌ）及低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇＜０．９１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）５个危险因素中，具有１个以上至５个以上上述危险者的年龄标化百分比在高血压家系明显高于对照家系，将高血压家系中高血压患者剔除后比较，这种规律依然存在。结论：高血压家族遗传因素可能对心血管病危险因素聚集起着重要的作用     

高血压患者静息心率与代谢综合征

目的探讨原发性高血压患者静息心率(RHR)与代谢综合征(MS)的关系及临床意义。方法对323例符合原发性高血压的患者进行调查。每位患者均测RHR、血压、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹胰岛素浓度(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(IR)。按RHR频率分RHR1组<75次/min(76例),RHR2组75~79次/min(131例),RHR3组80~85次/min(91例),RHR4组>85次/min(25例)。结果高血压患者不同RHR与FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C、FINS、IR正相关(r分别为0.61,0.28,0.45,0.41,0.36,0.54,P<0.01),并随着RHR逐渐增加而升高。HDL-C随着RHR增加而下降(呈负相关,r=-0.41,P<0.01);RHR2与RHR3组之间腰围、血压无统计学意义(P>0.05),但与RHR1、RHR4组有统计学意义(P<0.01)。相关因素分析,高血压患者不同RHR与MS所聚集危险因素有关。结论RHR可能与原发性高血压患者代谢紊乱有关。     

Hypertension,insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance

The association of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia to blood pressure has remained controversial. We examined the association of insulinemia to hypertension and blood pressure using baseline measurements for participants of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). The DPP is a multicenter randomized controlled trial of 3819 participants with impaired glucose tolerance, and is designed to evaluate interventions for the delay or prevention of type 2 diabetes. The relationship between hypertension and insulinemia is described overall and by ethnicity. The effects of demographics (age and gender), adiposity, and glucose on the relationship are also presented. Asian Americans and African Americans had a similarly high prevalence of hypertension as did whites; American Indians had a lower prevalence of hypertension. Among participants not on antihypertensive medications, systolic blood pressure was significantly (but weakly) correlated with fasting insulin (r=0.12), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR; r=0.13), and fasting proinsulin (r=0.10) when adjusted for age and gender (all, P<0.001). Systolic blood pressure showed similar correlations to fasting insulin in each ethnic group. After further adjustment for body mass index, the association of fasting insulin to systolic and diastolic blood pressures weakened considerably but remained significant (systolic: r=0.06, P=0.002; DBP: r=0.06, P<0.001). We conclude that a weak but significant association between insulin, (and proinsulin and HOMA IR) and blood pressure exists but is largely explained by overall adiposity. This association is similar among ethnicities, with the possible exception of Hispanics. The relation between insulin concentrations and blood pressure explains relatively little of the ethnic differences in hypertensive prevalence.     

高血压病的胰岛素抵抗

对 17例治疗的 ,2 0例未治疗的高血压病人和 2 5例正常对照者 ,测定空腹及 75 g葡萄糖刺激后血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度、红细胞胰岛素受体、血脂及脂蛋白。结果表明 :治疗和未治疗的高血压病人 ,血糖和胰岛素对葡萄糖刺激后的反应及胰岛素释放指数均显著高于对照组 ,血甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白(L DL )显著增高 ,高密度脂蛋白 (HDL )显著降低 ,红细胞胰岛素受体分析各组间差异无显著性。葡萄糖刺激后血浆胰岛素反应曲线下面积 (AIA )与收缩期和舒张期血压呈显著正相关 ,与TG,TC,L DL 也呈显著正相关 ,调整年龄、体重指数和血糖后 ,其相关性依然存在 ,说明高血压病存在着胰岛素抵抗 ,后者在高血压病因和临床中起重要作用     

Hypertension control: multifactorial contributions

Treatment of hypertension reduces the risk of several associated deleterious conditions, although it does not lower risk for all cardiovascular diseases. A new theory suggests that high blood pressure is but one piece in the puzzle of a complex syndrome of inherited risk factors called the hypertension syndrome. Several new findings have emerged theorizing that patients may have coronary artery disease before the actual onset of elevated blood pressure. Epidemiologic studies have found that normotensive patients with a family history of hypertension often have a disease process and prognosis similar to that of hypertensives. It seems that some patients may “inherit” abnormalities that make them prone to the development of hypertension, as well as a complex series of cardiovascular disease risk factors. These include elevated lipids, increased left ventricular hypertrophy, arterial stiffening, insulin resistance, renal function abnormalities, and neuroendocrine changes. It is conceivable that the hypertension syndrome may be reversible if the disease process is diagnosed early, which appears to be well before the actual onset of high blood pressure. High blood pressure may be a risk marker for irreversible vascular disease and early detection of the many components of hypertension syndrome may delay or prevent cardiovascular disease from developing in high-risk patients.     

Association of hypertension with cluster of insulin resistance syndrome factors: the Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS-12)

Abstract. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of insulin resistance and the cluster of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) factors with hypertension in a native urban population from southern India. The Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS) is an epidemiological study involving two residential areas in Chennai in southern India. Of the total of 1399 eligible subjects (age 20 years), 1262 (90.2%) participated in the study. Subjects were classified as hypertensives if they had systolic blood pressure (SBP) 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90 mmHg, if they were known hypertensives, or if they were receiving treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Insulin resistance was computed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA IR). The overall prevalence of hypertension in the population was 22.1%. Prevalence of hypertension increased with an increase in quartiles of fasting insulin levels (p=0.035) and HOMA IR (p=0.03). Logistic regression analysis revealed that HOMA IR was significantly associated with hypertension, which was not altered even after addition of risk factors like age, smoking habit and alcohol consumption into the model. However, inclusion of variables associated with IRS abolished the association of insulin resistance with hypertension. Factor analysis identified four factors: factor 1 had positive loading of body mass index, age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures; factor 2 had positive loading of HOMA IR, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides and body mass index; factor 3 had positive loading of waist-hip ratio, triglycerides and smoking habit and negative loading of alcohol consumption; factor 4 was loaded with age and serum cholesterol. Factor 1, the hypertension factor loaded with systolic and diastolic blood pressures, shared a correlation with the insulin resistance cluster through body mass index. Our results suggest that the insulin resistance cluster is associated with hypertension in this urban population of southern India.     

Hypertension, Insulin Resistance, and Aldosterone: Sex-Specific Relationships

African Americans, particularly men, have the highest morbidity and mortality rates from hypertension in the United States. The authors studied 527 African Americans in a general clinical research center to determine whether there are sex differences in the relationships between hypertension with insulin resistance (IR) and aldosterone, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Measurements included ambulatory blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measures, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone (PA) concentration, and fasting serum lipids, glucose, and insulin. IR was estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) model. BP correlated with aldosterone in both sexes. However, both BP and PA correlated with IR in men, but not in women. Compared with men in the lower tertile of HOMA-IR, men in the upper tertile had higher mean systolic BP, a higher odds ratio of having hypertension, and higher levels of PA. The association of IR with both hypertension and PA in men, but not in women, may contribute to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in African American men.     

PPAR-α/γ激动剂在代谢综合征中的协同作用

代谢综合征是一组以胰岛素抵抗为核心,包括腹型肥胖、高血压、血糖异常、血脂紊乱等多种代谢异常的疾病。过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARs)是一种配体激活的核转录因子,属于细胞核受体超家族成员。研究显示,PPARs的两个重要亚型PPAR-α和PPAR-γ,其激动剂均能改善胰岛素抵抗、高血压、肥胖等。现就PPAR-α/γ激动剂在代谢综合征的协同作用重点讨论。     

糖尿病病合并高血压或高脂血症的胰岛素敏感性探讨

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者在合并高血压或高脂血症时的胰岛索抵抗(IR)。方法:采用胰岛素敏感指数(空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素乘积的倒数),对37例糖尿病合并高血压组和31例糖尿病合并高脂血症组及63例单纯糖尿病组进行比较。结果:糖尿病合并高血压组胰岛素敏感指数大于单纯糖尿病组(P<0.05)。结论:本研究提示糖尿病合并高血压的患着比未合并高血压的患者存在着更为显著的胰岛素抵抗。     

Insulin and Hypertension

Patients with hypertension have been shown to be resistant to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and hyperinsulinemic when compared to matched control groups with normal blood pressure. In addition, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been demonstrated in rat models of hypertension-including SHR rats and Sprague-Dawley rats fed a fructose-enriched diet. Furthermore, fructose-induced hypertension can be attenuated by experimental interventions which decrease insulin resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia. These observations raise the possibility that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may play a role in blood pressure regulation. Finally, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia increase risk of coronary artery decrease in patients with hypertension, both directly, and indirectly by their influence on very low density and high density lipoprotein metabolism.