彩色M型多普勒超声评价高血压病人的左室舒张功能

目的应用彩色M型多普勒超声心动图测量舒张早期左室内血流传播速度(Vp),评价高血压病人的左室舒张功能.方法高血压组195例(50岁以下者23例;50-70岁者101例;70岁以上者71例).正常对照组136例(50岁以下者53例;50-70岁者50例;70岁以上者33例).取心尖四腔或二腔心平面测量左室内血流传播速度(Vp),二尖瓣和肺静脉血流曲线.结果高血压病人的Vp值较正常人降低(P<0.01), 血流形态异常.结论应用彩色M型多普勒超声心动图测量舒张早期左室内血流传播速度,不受心脏负荷及年龄的影响,作为评价高血压病人左室舒张功能的指标有临床意义.     

彩色M型多普勒超声心动图在高血压病人中的应用

<正> 我们应用彩色M型多普勒超声测量舒张早期左心室内血流传播速度(Vp),探讨其评价左心室舒张功能的可靠性。1资料与方法 高血压组195例(<50岁23例;50-70岁101例;>70岁71例)。正常对照组136例(<50岁53例;50-70岁50例;>70岁33例)。二维超声显示主动脉与各房室腔径大小正常,室间隔及心室壁无增厚且运动正常。 采用HP公司SONOS 5500型超声诊断仪。常规二维切面顺序扫查后取心尖四腔或二腔心平面,用彩色多普勒显示     

应用M型彩色多普勒超声心动图评估胎儿心室舒张功能的研究

目的探讨M型彩色多普勒超声心动图评估胎儿心室舒张功能的价值。方法选取2015年6~12月孕周21~39周的正常胎儿200例为研究对象,均经M型彩色多普勒超声心动图测量左心室及右心室舒张早期血流传播速度(Vp)。比较左右心室Vp、二尖瓣舒张早期血流(E)/Vp及不同孕周Vp及E/Vp水平。结果正常胎儿左心室Vp值为(24.1±5.9)cm/s,右心室Vp值为(14.7±4.1)cm/s,左右心室Vp比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);左心室E/Vp为(1.5±0.5),右心室E/Vp为(2.9±0.8),左右心室E/Vp比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同孕周左心室、右心室Vp值及E/Vp比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 M型彩色多普勒超声心动图能够准确测量胎儿心室舒张早期血流传播速度,评估胎儿心室的舒张功能,有利于早期发现心功能异常。     

M型彩色多普勒超声心动图对原发性高血压和冠心病患者左室舒张功能的研究

目的用M型彩色多普勒超声心动图研究原发性高血压(EH)和冠心病(CAD)的左室舒张功能,并与传统方法比较.方法用M型彩色多普勒超声心动图,研究了36例正常人(Ⅰ组),74例原发性高血压患者(Ⅱ组)和33例冠心病患者(Ⅲ组).测定左室舒张早期、晚期跨二尖瓣血流峰速(E峰和A峰)、早晚期血流峰速比(E/A)和舒张晚期跨二尖瓣血流峰速时间(AD);同时测定肺静脉收缩期血流速度(S)、舒张期血流速度(D)、肺静脉返流速度(Pva)和返流时间(Pvad).采用M型彩色多普勒超声心动图测定了从二尖瓣到心尖的早期充盈峰速传播速率(Vp),早期充盈峰速时间(TD)和Vp/E比值.结果三组在性别、年龄和心率方面无统计学差异.根据EF值将患者分成EF≤60%组(收缩功能障碍组)和EF＞60%组(收缩功能正常组).收缩功能障碍组与收缩功能正常组的所有传统舒张功能参数无显著性差异,但两组在Vp、TD和Vp/E差异有统计学意义.对10例收缩功能障碍患者(EF≤60%)而E/A值正常(＞ 1)(假性正常化)的研究结果显示,在假性正常化组和对照组Vp、T)和Vp/E有显著性差异(P＜0.01).而其他舒张功能参数差异无显著性.结论①原发性高血压和冠心病患者存在舒张功能障碍.②M型彩色多普勒超声心动图测定的早期充盈峰速传播速率和时间(vp、TD和Vp/E)是评价左室舒张功能更精确和更可靠的参数,它们可以区别假性正常化的跨二尖瓣血流类型.     

血清脂联素对高血压患者心肌背向散射积分和左室心肌质量的影响

目的探讨血清脂联素(APN)对高血压患者心肌背向散射积分和左室心肌质量的影响。方法高血压患者88例为高血压组,健康体检者80例为对照组,取空腹肘静脉血测定葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),采用放射免疫法取血浆测定APN水平及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),HP Sonos 5500型超声诊断仪测定背向散射积分(IBS)周期变化幅度(CVIB),并计算平均CVIB(ACVIB)。利用脉冲多普勒超声心动图,测定左室功能相关指标。结果与对照组比较,高血压组APN水平明显降低,hs-CRP水平明显升高(均P<0.01);与对照组比较,高血压组二尖瓣口峰值流速(E/A)、舒张早晚期运动速度(Ea)、舒张晚期运动速度(Ea/Aa)、舒张早期左室内血流传播速度(Vp)、ACVIB值显著降低,E峰下降时间(DT)、等容舒张时间(IVRT)显著增大(P<0.05);高血压患者E/A、DT、IVRT、Ea、Ea/Aa、Vp与左室心肌ACVIB的变化呈高度相关性(P<0.05)。结论 APN可作为评价高血压患者的重要检测指标;ACVIB的降低与心肌功能的减退密切相关,观察左室心肌ACVIB的变化,可用于评估高血压患者的左室功能。     

糖尿病患者左室功能异常及与血压的关系

作者应用彩色多普勒超声心动图检测８０例无心肌缺血的非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者和５１例健康人左室功能和结构参数。结果如下:与对照组比较，各组ＮＩＤＤＭ患者均有舒张功能、左室结构参数异常，收缩功能正常。血压正常组仅ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＥ、ＬＶＭＩ升高；高血压组ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＥ、Ａ／Ｅ、ＩＶＳＴｄ、ＬＶＰＷＴｄ、ＬＶＭＩ均明显升高，ＭＥＦ降低；临界高血压组左室舒张功能和结构参数变化介于上述两组之间。结果提示:多普勒超声心动图检查有助于了解糖尿病病人左室功能异常，高血压加重左室舒张功能异常。     

心脏彩色多普勒超声在高血压左室肥厚伴左心衰竭诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨心脏彩色多普勒超声在高血压左室肥厚伴左心衰竭诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2012年6月—2014年9月北京中医医院顺义医院收治的高血压左室肥厚伴左心衰竭病人85例作为观察组,同期选取85名体检健康者作为对照组,两组均进行心脏彩色多普勒超声检查,比较两组左心房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)及舒张早期左房室瓣口的最大血流速度(E)/舒张早期左房室瓣环的最大运动速度(EA)。结果观察组LAD、LVEDD及E/EA比值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);对照组LVEF明显高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论心脏多普勒超声检查对高血压左室肥厚伴左心衰竭的诊断具有重要意义。     

血压降低对高血压病人左室舒张功能不全的影响

对20例左室舒张功能不全的高血压病人,在卡托普利(Captopril)治疗前和治疗后3～6个月,分别应用二维超声心动图和多普勒超声心动图评价血压降低对左室舒张功能不全的影响。病人和方法:本组20例病人,男13例、女7例,平均年龄32～68岁,患高血压病4个月～11年,均符合以下标准:①未经治疗的或虽经治疗而血压仍>21/12kPa(>160/90mmHg)的原发性高血压病人;②血液动力学和生化指标正常;③二维超声心动图检查证实左室收缩功能正常;④无瓣膜狭窄或关闭不全;⑤多普勒超声心动图检查显示左室舒张功能异常。每例病人均于用药前和用药后3个月与6个月时进行超声心动图检查,观察室间隔和左室后壁厚度,以及左室内径。并应用下列公式计算左室重量:     

双通道多普勒技术评价扩张型心肌病患者左心室功能的价值

目的：探讨双通道多普勒法(DPW)评价扩张型心肌病患者心功能的应用价值。方法：选择已经临床确诊的DCM患者30例作为病例组,随机抽取40例健康人作为对照组进行研究,每位患者均行常规超声心动图检查,测量二尖瓣舒张早期峰值流速(E峰)和舒张晚期峰值流速(A峰),并采用双通道多普勒法和传统方法分别获得左心室Tei指数和舒张早期二尖瓣血流峰值流速(E)与彩色M型舒张早期血流传播速度(Vp)比值(E/Vp),观察对比分析各组心脏结构及心功能参数的差异性。结果：病例组两种方法测得Tei指数和E/Vp均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.01)。与传统方法相比,DPW法测的Tei指数和E/Vp均增大(P均＜0.01)。病例组DPW法和传统法测量Tei指数与LVEF均呈负相关,相关性为r=-0.781,-0.705,P<0.01。当DPW法测量E/Vp≥1.33时,E/Vp诊断左心室舒张功能不全的ROC曲线下面积为0.92,大于传统法测量E/Vp。(3)结论：双通道多普勒超声成像技术测量Tei指数及E/Vp不受心律的影响,可作为准确敏感评估DCM患者左心室功能的指标。     

组织多普勒成像测定Tei指数评价高血压患者左室功能

目的 探讨组织多普勒测定的Tei指数评价高血压患者左心功能的临床应用价值.方法 将高血压患者43例分为左室非肥厚组(n=20)和左室肥厚组(n=23),另设正常对照组(n=40),分别行超声心动图检查测量左室射血分数(EF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室收缩末期内径,二尖瓣口舒张早期与舒张晚期血流峰值之比.在组织多普勒成像(TDI)模式下,于心尖四腔观、心尖两腔观获得后间隔、左室侧壁、前壁和下壁的二尖瓣环运动频谱,分别计算4个位点的Tei指数,取其平均值.结果 高血压病组与正常对照组EF值均正常.高血压病左室非肥厚组和左室肥厚组二尖瓣E/A及二尖瓣环em/am均＜正常对照组,高血压病左室非肥厚组和左室肥厚组Tei指数均高于正常对照组,且左室肥厚组Tei指数高于左室非肥厚组,P均＜0.05.结论 (1)高血压患者在收缩功能障碍出现以前就出现了舒张功能减退;(2)高血压患者在左室肥厚以前就已经存在心功能改变,且左室肥厚者较左室非肥厚者更加明显.     

Comparison of early diastolic mitral annular velocity and flow propagation velocity in detection of mild to moderate left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Pulsed wave tissue Doppler echocardiography (PW-TDE) and color M-mode are new Doppler methods for left ventricular (LV) diastolic function assessment. To date, few studies have compared the data obtained by these methods in the same series of patients and compared them to the current clinical reference method of detecting LV diastolic function. AIMS: To determine the utility of PW-TDE and color M-mode parameters in the assessment of LV diastolic function in the typical patient population encountered in daily clinical practice and to compare their discriminating power. METHODS: Early diastolic septal mitral annular velocity (Em) determined by PW-TDE and color M-mode flow propagation velocity (Vp) were measured in 86 male patients and compared to LV filling patterns obtained using standard Doppler indices. Values of Em < 0.08 m s(-1) and Vp < 0.5 m s(-1) were considered as markers of abnormal LV diastolic function. RESULTS: A value of Em < 0.08 m s(-1) distinguished mild to moderate LV diastolic dysfunction with higher sensitivity and specificity than Vp < 0.5 m s(-1) (96% and 87% vs. 73% and 84%, respectively). A comparison of receiver operating characteristic curves showed a significant difference for areas under the curve in favor of Em (P < 0.01). In a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, a pseudonormal filling pattern and an EF > 60% were identified as significant predictors of Vp false negative results (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Em appears to be superior to Vp in the detection of mild to moderate LV diastolic dysfunction. Vp failed to detect abnormal LV diastolic function in particular in patients with preserved LV systolic function and a pseudonormal filling pattern type.     

Potentials and limitations of color M-Mode and tissue Doppler indexes in identifying pseudonormal mitral filling pattern in patients with acute symptoms of heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of flow propagation velocity by color M-mode (Vp) and peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity by tissue Doppler (Ea) in identifying pseudonormal mitral filling in 25 patients with acute symptoms of heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function compared with 25 gender- and age-matched healthy subjects. Although normal velocities for both Vp and Ea were found in 40% of patients, E/Vp and E/Ea ratios were able to differentiate pseudonormal from normal filling irrespective of values for Vp and Ea.     

Doppler echocardiographic study of left ventricular diastolic function in hemodialysis patients

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to examine the diastolic dysfunction particularities in hemodialysis patients and to identify the parameters having the most discriminating power of diastolic dysfunction. METHODS: Conventional Doppler echocardiography study implies left ventricular diastolic function from Doppler transmitral flow (E/A), color M-mode flow propagation velocity (Vp) and combined indexes: ratio of peak E-wave velocity to Vp (ENp) and difference in duration of pulmonary venous and mitral flow at atrial contraction (Ap-Am). RESULTS: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is found in 86% of the 100 hemodialysis patients: abnormal relaxation pattern 52%, pseudo-normal pattern 21%, restrictive pattern 13%. Left ventricular hypertrophy is independent of blood pressure (eta2=3.386; p>0.06). Diastolic function pattern has no relation with duration of dialysis treatment (F=2.637, p>0.05) or left ventricular mass (F=4.298, p>0.06). We noted correlations with age for all parameters of transmitral Doppler flow (p<0.01), Vp and systolic fraction except combined indexes (p>0.05). Doppler parameters of which discriminating power is significant (p<0.001) are in deceasing order: isovolumic relaxation time, E/A, Vp, early filling deceleration time, Ap-Am, E/VP and systolic fraction. The parameter Vp discriminates normal filling from abnormal or pseudo-normal patterns. However it doesn't allow any discrimination between abnormal and pseudo-normal patterns or abnormal and restrictive patterns. Discriminating analysis classify correctly 100% of pseudo normal pattern patients with 2 variables (isovolumic relaxation time and Vp or VP with E/Vp). Factor analysis suggests that Vp characterizes normal pattern and E/A ratio and Ap-Am characterize restrictive pattern. CONCLUSION: Parameters of diastolic function discriminating value is different from one stage to another. VP characterizes normal pattern, combined indexes restrictive pattern. Vp and isovolumic relaxation time discriminates normal from pseudo-normal pattern.     

Left ventricular early diastolic inflow velocity and atrial ventricular plane downward velocity: useful parameters to test diastolic function in clinical practice? Diastolic parameters tested in a clinical setting.

AIMS: To study the clinical value of the colour-M-mode slope of the early diastolic left ventricular filling phase (Vp) and the early diastolic downward M-mode slope of the left atrioventricular plane displacement (EDS), compared with diastolic function assessed by traditional Doppler evaluation. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 65 consecutive patients EDS and Vp were compared with a four-degree traditional diastolic function classification, based on pulsed Doppler assessment of the early to atrial transmitral flow ratio (E/A), the E-wave deceleration time (Edt), and the systolic to diastolic (S/D) pulmonary venous inflow ratio. Vp (P=0.006) and EDS (P=0.045) were related to traditional diastolic function (Kruskal--Wallis analysis). EDS showed a trend brake between the moderate and severe diastolic dysfunction groups by traditional Doppler evaluation. Vp and EDS correlated weakly in simple linear regression analysis (r=0.33). Vp and EDS discriminated poorly between normal and highly abnormal diastolic function. CONCLUSIONS: Vp and EDS were significantly related to diastolic function by traditional Doppler evaluation. They were, however, not useful as single parameters of left ventricular diastolic function due to a small difference between normal and highly abnormal values, allowing for little between-measurement variability. Consequently, these methods for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function do not add significantly to traditional Doppler evaluation.     

Evaluation of left ventricular function in cardiomyopathic mice by tissue Doppler and color M-mode Doppler echocardiography

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity (Vp) are used to assess cardiac function in humans, but the feasibility and applicability of these measurements to murine cardiomyopathic models of heart failure remain unclear. Left ventricular (LV) function was measured by TDI and Vp among mice exhibiting severe dilated cardiomyopathy (TOT), pressure-overload hypertrophy (TAC), and normal controls (NTG). Transmitral flow pattern in TACs and TOTs showed a restrictive filling pattern, but early diastolic mitral annulus velocity was comparable among the three studied groups. Propagation velocity in an anesthetized state was comparable in all three groups. However, while Vp increased in all three groups in the conscious state, the increase in NTGs was statistically greater than in TACs and TOTs. Collectively, results indicate that color M-mode Doppler echocardiography can be used to assess LV function in mice. Furthermore, Vp is depressed by anesthesia, a complication that can lead to misinterpretation of LV function in normal hearts.     

Novel Doppler indexes of estimation of pulmonary capillary pressure: influence of age, feasibility in the acute setting and reproducibility

BACKGROUND: The Doppler indexes E/Vp, E/Ea, 1000/(2 x IRT + Vp), 1000/(2 x IRT + Ea) and DTd (E: peak E mitral velocity; Vp: flow propagation velocity by color M-mode; Ea: peak early diastolic velocity at lateral mitral annulus by tissue Doppler; IRT: isovolumic relaxation time; DTd: deceleration time of the pulmonary venous diastolic wave) have been proposed for the non-invasive prediction of left ventricular filling pressures. However, the influence of age, the feasibility in acute setting and the reproducibility of these Doppler indexes have never been simultaneously investigated. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of age in 56 healthy subjects (57 +/- 20 years of age), the feasibility in 40 critically ill patients (72 +/- 13 years of age; 21 with decompensated heart failure) and the reproducibility in 15 patients. RESULTS: Only the indexes E/Vp (R = 0.37, P = 0.005) and E/Ea (R = 0.72, P < 0.001) were correlated with age. The feasibility was 92, 90, 72, 72 and 45% for E/Ea, 1000/(2 x IRT + Ea), E/Vp, 1000/(2 x IRT +Vp) and DTd, respectively. The best reproducibility was observed for the Doppler parameters E and Ea. CONCLUSION: Despite it is influenced by age, E/Ea appears to be the most useful index for predicting left ventricular filling pressures routinely.     

Color M-mode flow propagation velocity versus conventional Doppler indices in the assessment of diastolic left ventricular function in patients on chronic hemodialysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Color M-mode flow propagation velocity (Vp) has been reported as a preload-independent measure of diastolic function. To study the effects of loading conditions on diastolic function assessment in patients on chronic hemodialysis, we measured Vp and conventional Doppler indices pre- and posthemodialysis. METHODS: Twenty hemodialysis patients with normal systolic function underwent measurement of Vp, early filling velocity (E), its deceleration time (DT), atrial contraction velocity (A), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), and pulmonary atrial flow reversal velocity (PFR) pre- and posthemodialysis. Twelve healthy controls underwent these same measurements. RESULTS: Hemodialysis patients had significantly slower Vp at baseline than normal controls, while E/A, DT, IVRT, and pulmonary flow reversal were not significantly different. E, IVRT, and PFR were affected by hemodialysis, while color M-mode flow propagation velocities, A, and DT were not. CONCLUSION: Color M-mode flow propagation velocity seems to be a preload-independent measure of diastolic function in chronic hemodialysis patients in whom isolated diastolic dysfunction appears prevalent.     

Ratio of left ventricular peak E-wave velocity to flow propagation velocity assessed by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography in first myocardial infarction: prognostic and clinical implications

OBJECTIVES: To determine the ability of the ratio of peak E-wave velocity to flow propagation velocity (E/Vp) measured with color M-mode Doppler echocardiography to predict in-hospital heart failure and cardiac mortality in an unselected consecutive population with first myocardial infarction (MI). BACKGROUND: Several experimental studies indicate color M-mode echocardiography to be a valuable tool in the evaluation of diastolic function, but data regarding the clinical value are lacking. METHODS: Echocardiography was performed within 24 h of arrival at the coronary care unit in 110 consecutive patients with first MI. Highest Killip class was determined during hospitalization. Patients were divided into groups according to E/Vp <1.5 and > or =1.5. RESULTS: During hospitalization 53 patients were in Killip class > or =II. In patients with E/Vp > or =1.5, Killip class was significantly higher compared with patients with E/Vp <1.5 (p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified E/Vp > or =1.5 to be the single best predictor of in-hospital clinical heart failure when compared with age, heart rate, E-wave deceleration time (Dt), left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, wall motion index, enzymatic infarct size and Q-wave MI. At day 35 survival in patients with E/Vp <1.5 was 98%, while for patients with E/Vp > or =1.5, it was 58% (p < 0.0001). Cox proportional hazards model identified Dt <140 ms, E/Vp > or =1.5 and age to be independent predictors of cardiac death, with Dt < 140 ms being superior to age and E/Vp. CONCLUSIONS: In the acute phase of MI, E/Vp > or =1.5 measured with color M-mode echocardiography is a strong predictor of in-hospital heart failure. Furthermore, E/Vp is superior to systolic measurements in predicting 35 day survival although Dt <140 ms is the most powerful predictor of cardiac death.     

Diastolic function in young patients with beta-thalassemia major: an echocardiographic study

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate myocardial diastolic function in patients with beta-thalassemia major (beta-TM) using pulsed-tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and flow propagation (VP), in relation to BNP levels. METHODS: We enrolled 192 consecutive patients with beta-TM (88 men (25 +/- 6 years) and 104 women (26 +/- 6 years), with normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function. By TDI, diastolic myocardial velocities were sampled at the lateral section of the mitral annulus (Smv, Emv, Amv). From the apical four-chamber view diastolic transmitral flow velocities, including measures of E- and A-waves were performed. The propagation velocity of early flow into the LV cavity was measured by color M-mode Doppler. Plasma BNP levels were measured in all patients. RESULTS: A nonlinear relationship was found between BNP levels and E/A ratio (beta coefficient for the second-order term = 1.4 +/- 0.4, P = 0.001). We also found a positive association of BNP levels with Amv (r = 0.28, P = 0.023), and a reverse with Smv (r =-0.59, P = 0.01) and Emv/Amv (r =-0.36, P = 0.019). Moreover, an inverse relationship was observed between BNP and Vp (r =-0.43, P = 0.012) levels. Finally, a strong positive linear relationship was found between E/Vp ratio and BNP levels (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A U-curved association of E/A ratio of transmitral Doppler velocity was revealed with BNP levels, while the tissue Doppler of the Emv/Amv of the mitral annulus movement showed a negative linear association with BNP levels.     

超声评价氯沙坦单用或与美托洛尔联用对逆转原发性高血压左室肥厚心肌的影响

目的:应用多普勒超声心动图技术观察氯沙坦、美托洛尔联合应用与单用氯沙坦在逆转原发性高血压(EH)患者左室肥厚(LVH)及改善左室舒张功能方面的疗效。方法:对EH伴LVH患者68例采用随机、单盲、彩色多普勒超声心动图测量左室重量指数(LVMI)、左室舒张功能等指标。结果:经过≥6个月治疗后,氯沙坦组(A组)、氯沙坦加美托洛尔组(B组)的血压、LVMI及左室舒张功能指标均明显改善(P<0.01),两组间结果比较:B组左室舒张功能指标较A组有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:氯沙坦加美托洛尔联合应用,对EH患者降压、逆转LVH的作用并不优于单用氯沙坦,但改善左室舒张功能却明显优于后者,且不良反应轻,值得临床推广应用。