中国人群缺血性脑卒中相关基因的多态性分析

目的探讨中国人缺血性脑卒中与凝血因子、细胞粘附分子、血小板膜糖蛋白、血浆凝血酶原激活物抑制剂1以及肿瘤坏死因子基因多态性的关系. 方法利用PCR技术和分子杂交技术对1122例缺血性脑卒中患者进行10个基因17个多态性位点的检测和分析,并与1123例非卒中对照进行比较.结果缺血性脑卒中患者肿瘤坏死因子βthr26asn多态性分布与对照组相比具有显著差异.其他基因多态性的基因型频率和等位基因频率与对照组相比无明显差异.结论肿瘤坏死因子β thr26asn多态性分布与中国人缺血性脑卒中的发生具有关联性,提示TNFβ thr26asn多态性可能是中国人群缺血性脑卒中发生的一个遗传学危险因素.     

缺血性脑卒中患者肿瘤坏死因子基因βThr26Asn多态性分析

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）β基因ＴＮＦβＴｈｒ２６Ａｓｎ多态性与中国人缺血性脑卒中之间的关系。方法：利用ＰＣＲ技术和分子杂效技术对北京地区１０１例缺血性脑卒中患患者及１０１例对照进行肿瘤坏死因子基因ＴＮＦβＴｈｒ２６Ａｓｎ多态性的检测和分析。结果：缺血性脑卒中患者ＴＮＦβＴｈｒ２６Ａｓｎ多态性位点基因型频率及等位基因频率在两组中分布无显著性差异。结论：ＴＮＦβ基因Ｔｈｒ２６Ａｓｎ多态性可能不     

缺血性脑卒中患者肿瘤坏死因子基因β Thr26Asn多态性分析

目的:探讨肿瘤坏因子(TNF)B基因TNFBThr26Asn多态性与中国人缺血性卒中之间的关系. 方法:利用PCR技术和分子杂交技术对北京地区101例缺血性脑卒中患患者及101例对照进行肿瘤坏死因子基因TNFBThr26Asn多态性的检测和分析. 结果:缺血性脑座中患者TNFB Thr26Asn多态性位点基因型频率及等位频率及等位基因频率在两组中分布无显著性差异. 结论:TNFB基因Thr26Asn多态性可能不是中国人群缺血性脑卒中发病的贵传铖险因素.     

北京地区缺血性脑卒中患者肿瘤坏死因子Thr26Asn多态性分析

目的　探讨肿瘤坏死因子Thr2 6Asn多态性与中国人缺血性脑卒中之间的关系。方法　利用PCR技术和分子杂交技术对北京地区 2 94例缺血性脑卒中患者进行肿瘤坏死因子 β (TNFβ)Thr2 6Asn多态性的检测和分析 ,并与 2 79例北京地区的非脑卒中对照比较。结果　缺血性脑卒中患者TNFβThr2 6Asn多态性位点 2 6Asn携带者基因型频率明显高于非脑卒中对照。结论　TNFβThr2 6Asn多态性可能是中国人群中缺血性脑卒中发病的遗传学危险因素。     

血浆I型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中的关系

目的：探讨血浆Ｉ型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂基因多态性与中国人缺血性脑卒中之间的关系。方法：利用ＰＣＲ技术和分子杂交技术对北京地区２９４例缺血性脑卒中患者进行血浆Ｉ型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂基因Ｇ１１０５３Ｔ及５Ｇ／４Ｇ多态性的检测和分析,并与２７９例北京地区的非卒中对照比较。结果：缺血性脑卒中患者ＰＡＩ－１基因Ｇ１１０５３Ｔ及５Ｇ／４Ｇ多态性的基因型频率和等位基因频率与对照组相比无明显差异。结论：ＰＡＩ－１基因Ｇ１１０５３Ｔ及５Ｇ／４Ｇ多态性的基因型频率和等位基因频率与对照组相比无明显差异。结论：ＰＡＩ－１基因Ｇ１１０５３Ｔ及５Ｇ／４Ｇ多态性可能不是中国人群血性脑卒中发病的遗传学危险因素。     

血浆I型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中的关系

目的:探讨血浆I型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂基因多态性与中国人缺血性脑卒中之间的关系.方法:利用PCR技术和分子杂交技术对北京地区294例缺血性脑卒中患者进行血浆I型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂基因G11053T及5G/4G多态性的检测和分析,并与279例北京地区的非卒中对照比较. 结果: 缺血性脑卒中患者PAI-1基因G11053T及5G/4G多态性的基因型频率和等位基因频率与对照组相比无明显差异.结论:PAI-1基因G11053T及5G/4G多态性可能不是中国人群缺血性脑卒中发病的遗传学危险因素.     

纤维蛋白原基因G(-455)A多态性与缺血性脑卒中的关系

目的　探讨缺血性脑卒中与纤维蛋白原基因G( 45 5 )A多态性的关系。方法　利用PCR技术和分子杂交技术对北京地区 2 94例缺血性脑卒中患者进行纤维蛋白原基因G( 45 5 )A多态性位点的检测和分析 ,并与 2 79例北京地区的非脑卒中患者进行比较。结果　缺血性脑卒中患者纤维蛋白原基因G( 45 5 )A多态性的基因型频率和等位基因频率与对照组相比无明显差异。结论　纤维蛋白原基因G( 45 5 )A多态性可能不是缺血性脑卒中发病的遗传学危险因素。     

ACE基因I／D多态性与缺血性脑卒中的关系

为了解血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因I／D多态性与中国人群缺血性脑卒中之间的关系,利用PCR和分子杂交技术对北京地区294例缺血性脑卒中患者及280例非卒中者的ACE基因I／D多态性进行了检测和分析。结果表明,I／D多态性在两组人群中的分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律,但该位点的基因型频率及等位基因频率在两组人群中分布无差异,与英国人群相比则有显著差异。提示ACE基因I／D多态性不是中国人群缺血性脑卒中发病的遗传学危险因素。     

血浆纤维蛋白原基因多态性、肥胖与缺血性脑卒中的关系探讨

目的探讨血浆纤维蛋白原(Fg)β-148C/T基因多态性及肥胖与缺血性脑卒中的关系。方法选取2017年3月—2018年5月在山西医科大学第二医院收治的缺血性脑卒中病人120例为缺血性脑卒中组,并以同期健康体检者80名为健康对照组。采用聚合酶链-限制性片段长度多态性检测Fgβ-148C/T基因多态性,并分析Fgβ-148C/T基因多态性在健康对照组及缺血性脑卒中组中的分布特点及与缺血性脑卒中发生的关系;比较两组受试者体质指数(BMI),分析肥胖(BMI≥28 kg/m~2)与缺血性脑卒中发生的关系;采用多元Logistics回归分析缺血性脑卒中发生的危险因素。结果 Fgβ-148C/T基因中,缺血性脑卒中组CT基因型频率及C等位基因频率低于健康对照组(P0.05);缺血性脑卒中组BMI值高于健康对照组(P0.05);Fgβ-148C/T基因中T基因出现频率、BMI值与缺血性脑卒中发生呈正相关(r=0.166,P0.001;r=0.620,P0.001);脑卒中家族史、肥胖、Fgβ-148C/T基因多态性、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、心脏病是缺血性脑卒中发生的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论 Fgβ-148C/T基因中T基因出现频率、BMI值与缺血性脑卒中呈正相关;脑卒中家族史、肥胖、Fgβ-148C/T基因多态性、患高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、心脏病是影响病人出现缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。     

CBS基因T833C多态性与中国人群缺血性脑卒中的相关性分析

利用PCR和分子杂交技术对胱硫醚-β-合成酶（CBS）基因T833C多态性在中国人群缺血性脑卒中患者（病例组，1122例）中的分布进行检测和分析，并与无脑血管病变的人群（对照组，1123例）进行比较。结果TT、TC、CC三种基因型的分布频率及833C等位基因频率在两组中均无明显统计学差异（P〉0．05）。提示CBS基因T833C多态可能不是中国人群缺血性脑卒中的分子遗传学标记物。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.