下腔静脉超声评价心力衰竭儿童右心舒张功能

目的探讨下腔静脉（IVC）横径变化与右心舒张功能的关系。方法对34例充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患儿和20例健康对照儿童，用M超测量IVC横径及脉冲多普勒测量右室充盈参数。结果与正常对照组比较，CHF组儿童IVC呼气相内径（ED）、吸气相内径（ID）均增大，IVC指数（CI）缩小；右室充盈参数显示舒张受损，且主要参数与CI呈正相关。结论CHF组患儿均存在右心舒张功能障碍，IVC横径变化可反映右心舒张功能。     

多普勒超声心动图评价小儿心肌炎左室收缩及舒张功能

应用多普勒超声心动图对２０例心肌炎患儿治疗前后的左室收缩及舒张功能进行检测,旨在寻求评价小儿心肌炎疗效的定量指标。结果显示主动脉瓣口的血流状态,心输出量,射血分数和二尖瓣口血流的Ｅ、Ａ波比值及充盈分娄筠 能定量评价其左室收缩及舒张功能变化,尤其是主动脉瓣口血流的最大流速,平均加速度,二尖瓣口血流的Ｅ、Ａ波充盈分类更为可靠。     

脉冲多普勒超声心动图检测单纯室间隔缺损患儿的左室舒张功能

脉冲多普勒超声心动图检测单纯室间隔缺损患儿的左室舒张功能刘晓勤郑德珍室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）合并充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）患儿的左室舒张功能至今了解极少。我们用脉冲多普勒超声心动图（ＰＤＥ）技术研究了婴幼儿单纯ＶＳＤ左室舒张功能，并对其症状和体征的起因作了...     

多普勒超声估测心室舒张功能的影响因素

心脏舒张功能近来日益受到重视，脉冲多普勒超声心动图是无创性测定心室舒张功能的常用方法，但其影响因素较多。本文就主要的几种影响因素要点做一综述。     

小儿扩张型心肌病左室舒张功能研究

２７例小儿扩张型心肌病左室舒张心肌病患者分初次住院治疗１７例为甲组,治疗１年以上１３例乙组。甲组主要为舒缓障碍,Ｅ峰降低,Ａ峰代偿性增高,Ｅ峰消失３例。其余为限制充盈型,Ｅ峰异常增高变窄;Ａ峰降低,Ｅ／Ａ增大。乙组大部分为假性正常型,恢复正常２例。舒张功能各指标参数与正常值比较,差异非常显著,Ｐ〈０．００１,而两组间非限制型外均无差异,Ｐ〉０．０５。     

室间隔缺损合并心力衰竭患儿血浆脑利钠肽水平分析

目的 探讨脑利钠肽(BNP)在VSD合并心力衰竭患儿心功能评估中的价值及其改变发生的机理。方 法 15例VSD合并心力衰竭的患儿,分为Qr／Qs≥3.0和Qr／Qs<3.0两组,分别测定手术前后血浆BNP,观察 BNP与Qp／Qs、Pp／Ps及超声心动图测得的反映心室功能及负荷的心功能指标间的关系。结果 ①手术后BNP较 手术前明显降低,下降百分比与术后时间有正相关趋势;②BNP与Qr／Qs呈正相关,Qp／Qs≥3.0组明显高于Qp／Qs <3.0组,而BNP与Pp／Ps间无明显相关性;③BNP与超声心动图测得的LVEDVI、LVESWS呈正相关,与LVEF、 LVFS、mVcFc、Con无相关性。结论 ①BNP与反映心室容量及压力负荷的指标间呈正相关,可反映心室负荷的改 变,可用于VSD患儿心功能的评估;②容量及压力负荷过重是造成VSD合并心力衰竭患儿BNP水平升高的主要 原因。     

Systolic and diastolic function in children with chronic renal failure

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular complications are the most frequent cause of death in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF). We aimed to investigate systolic and diastolic functions in children with ESRF. METHODS: Thirty-nine children with ESRF (17 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), eight on hemodialysis and 14 on predialysis) were examined to assess systolic and diastolic functions by echocardiography and ultrasound Doppler. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were measured both in patients and age-matched healthy controls (n = 20) and the indices of cardiac performance were compared. RESULTS: Increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and decreased volume/mass ratio with normal systolic left ventricular function was found in patients, as compared with controls. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was observed in dialysis patients. In most of these patients, left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time was prolonged, except in CAPD patients. The peak of late diastolic flow (A) velocities were increased with a reduction of the early diastolic flow velocity (E)--the E/A ratio. The E velocities were unchanged in all patients as compared with controls. Our data indicated an abnormality of myocardial relaxation in patients with ESRF. We found no relationship between E/A ratio and LVMI. Among three groups of patients, the LVMI and diastolic abnormalities were highest in the hemodialysis group indicative of poor control of hypervolemia and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The technique of CAPD has some advantages as a renal replacement therapy for preserving cardiac functions as compared with hemodialysis. However, it must be remembered that patients with hemodialysis have features that effects cardiac status, such as higher volume load and higher afterload (hypertension).     

Assessment of right ventricular diastolic filling parameters by Doppler echocardiography

BACKGROUND: Right ventricular diastolic function has been evaluated in various diseases by the pulsed Doppler technique. Right ventricular diastolic filling parameters show changes with age, heart rate and respiration. Evidences of diastolic left and right ventricular dysfunctions have been reported by echocardiographic studies in asthmatic patients. In the present study, before and after treatment of asthma the right ventricular diastolic filling parameters were compared in children with moderate asthma by Doppler echocardiography (a non-invasive technique). METHODS: The study group consisted of 20 children (eight girls, 12 boys) with asthma. During the present study these patients were treated with inhaled steroid and beta-2 agonist daily. Before treatment all patients were evaluated by Doppler echocardiography. At 4-6 weeks after treatment 15 patients that had shown improvement in their symptoms according to the symptom score were also evaluated by Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: The mean age was 8.6 +/- 2.69 years and mean period of symptoms were 56.4 +/- 35.8 months. When compared with results of echocardiography before and after treatment, the right ventricular diastolic filling parameters (acceleration time: P < 0.01, deceleration time: P < 0.01 and isovolumetric relaxation time: P < 0.05) were found to be significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: We observed significant improvement of right ventricular diastolic filling parameters by Doppler echocardiography after treatment in children with asthma.     

实时三维超声心动图在小儿扩张型心肌病左心功能评价中的应用

目的探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)技术在评估小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)左心功能中的价值。方法以28例DCM患儿和20例正常儿童为研究对象,应用RT-3DE技术测定反映左室功能的指标如左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左室容量(LVSV)和左室射血分数(LVEF),并与改良Ross标准及传统二维超声(2DE)测定指标进行比较。结果 RT-3DE评估的EF值与Ross评分值呈负相关(r=-0.97,P<0.001),与2DE相比虽有相关性,但不如前二者显著(r=-0.59,P<0.01);2DE所测LVEDV及LVESV小于RT-3DE,而EF值及SV两者差异无统计学意义;RT-3DE测定的LVEF值与2DE测定的EF有很好的相关性(r=0.68,P<0.001)。随访1年后,有6例患儿死亡,死亡组患儿EF值明显低于存活组(P<0.01)。结论 RT-3DE所测量的左心室心功能参数能够准确、客观地反映DCM患者的左心功能。     

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目的探讨心力衰竭患儿二尖瓣环运动速度的变化及其在左心室功能评价中的应用价值。方法研究对象为2005-01—2006-05在北京大学第一医院儿科住院的21例左室扩大及左室射血分数<50%的心力衰竭患儿(心衰组)和21例正常儿童(对照组),对其行常规超声心动图检查,测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣口前向血流E峰和A峰的峰值流速,计算E/A值;以组织多普勒成像(TDI)脉冲多普勒速度频谱显像方法测量二尖瓣环侧壁及间壁收缩期峰值速度(Sa)、舒张早期峰值速度(Ea)及舒张晚期峰值速度(Aa),分别计算Ea/Aa值及E/Ea值。结果心衰组二尖瓣环侧壁及间壁Sa、Ea、Ea/Aa均显著低于对照组(P均<0.01),两部位E/Ea均显著高于对照组(P均<0.01);心衰组二尖瓣环两部位Sa、侧壁Ea均与LVEF正相关((r=0.60,0.44,0.52,P均<0.05),两部位Sa、Ea均与心功能分级负相关(r=-0.64,-0.55,-0.68,-0.54,P均<0.05),两部位E/Ea均与LVEF负相关(r=-0.59,-0.47,P均<0.05)、与心功能分级正相关(r=0.77,0.75,P均<0.001)、二尖瓣环侧壁及间壁Sa与相应部位Ea、E/Ea有相关性。结论常规超声检查左室收缩功能下降的心力衰竭患儿左室收缩及舒张功能均降低,且二者有密切联系;以TDI方法测定二尖瓣环运动频谱评价心力衰竭儿童左室功能是敏感和可靠的。     

The right ventricle in Fabry disease

Aim: Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is a common feature in Fabry disease-related progressive infiltrative hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and affects both men and women, but at different ages. To date, however, little is known about the role of right ventricular (RV) function in Fabry disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the extent of RV involvement in patients with Fabry disease. Methods: Echocardiographic examination of the right and left ventricle was carried out in 129 patients (80 women and 49 men) with Fabry disease. Results: RV hypertrophy was present in 46 patients (35.7%). Of these patients, 13 showed signs of severely depressed right systolic function (tricuspid annulus movement <10 mm and a prolonged RV pre-ejection period/pulmonary ejection time ratio) and six patients showed additional severe depression of parameters of diastolic function (pseudo-normal or restrictive RV filling patterns). Those patients with RV hypertrophy and severely compromised systolic and diastolic function had the highest LV masses (92±11.7 g/m^2.7).
Conclusion: RV involvement is common in Fabry disease and ultimately progresses to severe systolic and diastolic RV dysfunction. These findings might explain why patients with preserved LV function can develop clinical features such as reduced exercise capacity, organomegaly and lymphoedema.     

Reduced left ventricular afterload and increased contractility in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: An M-mode and Doppler-echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic and systolic function

Summary Twenty-three children with diabetes mellitus, their ages ranging from 0.2–9.8 years, but with no sign of diabetic microvascular disease were investigated by M-mode and Doppler echocardiography, along with a comparable group of control subjects. In the diabetics, the fractional shortening and the mean velocity of fractional shortening were 14 and 18% higher, respectively, whereas the left ventricular end-systolic wall stress, an indicator of left ventricular afterload, was markedly reduced (22%). Assuming an unchanged preload in the two groups, this indicates a reduced afterload in these children. Systolic and diastolic time intervals, heart rate, and blood pressure were similar in diabetics and controls. Doppler-derived transmitral left ventricular filling indices were also similar. Thus, in these diabetic children no signs of left ventricle is considered to be due to a reduced afterload in early insulin-dependent diabetes.     

氨基末端脑利钠肽前体在室间隔缺损合并心力衰竭诊断中的价值

目的　探讨血浆氨基末端脑利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平在室间隔缺损合并心力衰竭(简称心衰)诊断及心功能评估中的价值。方法　51例室间隔缺损患儿,按照小儿心衰改良Ross标准分为 0~2分 (无心衰 )、3 ~6分 (轻度心衰 )、7 ~12分 (中 重度心衰 )三组;对照组 15例。应用ELASA方法测定血浆NT proBNP浓度。同时测定左室舒张末期容量指数(leftventricularenddiastolicvolumeindex,LVEDVI)、左室收缩末期室壁应力(leftventricularendsystolicwallstress,LVESWS)、心率校正的平均周径缩短速率(heartratecorrectedmeanvelocityofcircumferentialfibershortening,mVcFc)、左室射血分数 (leftventricularejectionfraction,LVEF)、左室缩短分数 (leftventricularfractionalshortening,LVFS)、心肌收缩力 (contractilityindex,Con)等超声心动图指标。结果　 ( 1 )血浆NT proBNP水平与临床评分之间呈明显正相关 (r=0. 75,P<0. 01 ),中 重度心衰组 [ ( 2061±908 )fmol/ml]高于轻度心衰组[ (810±335)fmol/ml];轻度心衰组高于无心衰组[ (309±68)fmol/ml];但是无心衰组与正常对照组间[ (275±62)fmol/ml]差异无统计学意义。(2)血浆NT proBNP水平与LVESWS、LVEDVI呈正相关;与LVEF、LVFS、Con、mVcFc等无明显相关性。 ( 3     

N端脑钠肽原对儿童肺炎合并心力衰竭的诊断价值

目的评估N端脑钠肽原(NT-proBNP)对儿童肺炎合并心力衰竭(HF)的诊断价值。方法采用竞争性酶免疫法(EIA)测定血浆NT-proBNP浓度,同时测定CK-MB、LDH1和肌钙I(CTnI)的浓度。将肺炎患儿分成HF组和非HF组,HF组测左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果年龄介于2周至14岁的对照组血浆NT-proBNP水平基本保持稳定,平均值为(346.25±73.52)fmol/ml,HF组血浆NT-proBNP、CK-MB、LDH1和CTnI浓度的平均值高于非HF组:(1568±1061)fmol/ml比(553±190)fmol/ml、(85.80±28.60)U/L比(42.30±27.10)U/L、(452.00±227.00)U/L比(133.00±93.4)U/L、(3.48±1.56)ng/ml比(1.53±0.95)ng/ml。ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.888。诊断界点定为790fmol/ml时,NT-proBNP用以诊断肺炎合并HF的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别是83.3%、91.7%和87.9%,阳性及阴性似然比分别为10和0.182,阳性和阴性预测值分别是20.4%和99.5%。多元线性回归分析显示LDH1和CTnI对血浆NT-proBNP水平的影响具有统计学意义;HF组血浆NT?proBNP水平与LVEF呈负相关。结论NT-proBNP是肺炎合并HF比较可靠的诊断指标,其水平的高低也反映了肺炎合并HF的严重程度以及心肌损害的程度。