哈尔滨市孕妇孕期膳食摄入调查及评价

目的调查孕妇孕能量及膳食营养素摄入情况,找出存在的营养缺陷与问题。方法调查孕妇孕能量及膳食营养素摄入情况,分析营养缺陷与问题。结果哈尔滨市孕妇能量摄入是合理的,但蛋白质和脂肪供能比例偏高,碳水化合物供能比例偏低;维生素A与核黄素摄入量为边缘不足,硫胺素摄入不足,与中国居民营养素参考摄入量（RNI）比较维生素A差异无统计学意义,后两者差异极有统计学意义（P值均〈0.01）;膳食纤维摄入量低于推荐的摄入范围;维生素B6和叶酸摄入不足,与适宜摄入量或RNI相比较差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.001）;钙、铁与锌的摄入不能满足随着孕龄增加而需要量的增加;其他营养素摄入都是充足的。结论哈尔滨市孕妇在孕早、中与晚期的膳食摄入均有一定缺陷,应对孕妇开展经常性的营养与健康教育。     

内蒙古民族大学蒙古族学生膳食营养状况调查

目的了解蒙古族大学生的膳食结构和营养状况,为合理营养提供科学依据。方法采用称重记账法和膳食记录法进行5d膳食调查,依据《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》中18岁以上中等体力劳动的推荐摄入量(RNI)或适宜摄入量(AI)进行比较评价。结果蒙古族男女学生蛋白质、铜、硒、维生素PP摄入充足,男生铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2均达到和超过推荐摄入量(RNI)或适宜摄入量(AI)。蒙古族男女学生膳食中存在的共性问题是膳食纤维、维生素C及钙不足,脂肪类食物来源比例不合理。蒙古族女生膳食蛋白质质量尚可,但数量不足,膳食中能量、铁、锌、维生素B2摄入不足,维生素A和维生素B1摄入严重不足;蒙古族男生早餐能量摄入不足。结论蒙古族男女大学生膳食结构均不合理,应对学生加强营养知识的教育。     

厦门地区乳母产褥期膳食营养状况调查

目的调查评价厦门地区乳母产褥期饮食结构和膳食营养状况,并与正常妇女比较,分析营养素摄入满足机体需要的程度以及存在的营养问题。方法采用24h膳食回顾法调查厦门地区40名乳母产后第2天、第7天和第30天的饮食状况,同样方法调查58名同龄健康非孕非产妇女的1日膳食做对照。参考中国食物成分表计算营养素的摄入,与相应人群的膳食营养参考摄入量(DRIs)比较进行评价。结果乳母产后第2天、第7天和第30天能量平均摄入分别达到推荐摄入量(RNI)的86.2%、75.8%和75.4%,对照组妇女能量摄入仅达到RNI的61.9%。乳母蛋白质平均摄入量分别高于RNI(85g)的55.8%、31.5%和22.6%,碳水化物摄入较少。乳母铁摄入量达到RNI标准,烟酸、维生素E和硒的摄入高于RNI水平,维生素C和钙的摄入低于RNI水平。乳母维生素A、维生素E和硒的摄入达RNI的比例高于对照组妇女比例,但维生素C、钙和锌的摄入比例较对照组低。结论乳母能量、蛋白质和脂肪的摄入基本符合DRIs的标准,但三大营养素供能比例不平衡,部分微量营养素摄入偏低,乳母3个时间点大部分营养素摄入变化趋势不明显,乳母大部分的营养素摄入水平较对照组妇女好。     

山西省出生缺陷高发地区微量营养素摄入量的总膳食研究

目的分析山西省出生缺陷高发地区微量营养素的摄入情况。方法在山西省实施强化面粉干预出生缺陷项目的吕梁地区进行总膳食研究,通过膳食调查了解当地居民食物摄入情况,并对膳食中与出生缺陷相关的微量营养素进行测定,将结果分别与中国营养协会推荐的RNI值或AI值进行比较。结果各组人群的膳食结构仍以粮谷类和蔬菜类为主。其中蔬菜、水果、乳类、肉类及水产类食物的摄入量,与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔的推荐量相比,还存在很大的差距。从总体来看,各组人群锌和维生素E的摄入量基本达到要求,但是铁、硒、铜、抗坏血酸、视黄醇、叶酸及维生素B12等营养素的摄入明显不足。结论山西省出生缺陷高发地区育龄妇女微量营养素摄入不足问题比较严重。     

淮扬菜系人群膳食营养与健康研究

目的：研究淮扬菜系居民的膳食习惯,营养与人体健康的关系。方法：以食物频率法调查膳食习惯,常规方法进行体格检查,计算人均每日各种食物及营养素摄入量,用推荐摄入量（RNI）或适宜摄入量（AI）进行比较分析。结果：居民食物消费以大燮主食,每天均食用新鲜蔬菜,其中青菜摄入频率最高,能量和蛋白质摄入量分别为RNI的101．1％（男）,115．％（ 女）和98．8％（男）,95．7％（女）,多种维生素摄入不足及部分矿物质摄入不平衡,维生素C人均每日摄入量仅占RNI的35．1％,钙的摄入占RNI的36．6％和31．3％,体质指数（BMI）在正常范围的占63％,人群血清甘油三酯水平较高,超过正常范围的高达55．1％,结论：淮扬菜系地区居民膳食结构不尽合理,应提高膳食中维生素和钙的摄入量,减少高脂肪的摄入。     

辽宁省≥50岁居民营养素摄入水平分析

目的了解辽宁省≥50岁居民营养素摄入水平,为政府制定相应社会发展政策提供依据。方法在2009年辽宁省居民膳食营养与健康调查数据中选取536名≥50岁居民资料进行分析。结果辽宁省≥50岁居民每人每天摄入的能量平均为8 510.05 kJ(2 040.78 kCal),占推荐摄入量(RNI)的92.76%,从食物中获得的能量基本得到满足,蛋白质摄入量平均为66.83 g,占推荐摄入量的95.47%,脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维的摄入量分别为68.35、274.60、13.01 g;≥50岁居民维生素A、B1、B2平均摄入水平严重不足,分别为557.94μg视黄醇当量、0.95 mg、0.83 mg,仅占RNI的74.39%、73.08%、59.29%,钠、铁、磷、锰的摄入量分别为4 808.03、21.27、984.14、4.14 mg,远高于适宜摄入量(AI),分别是AI的2.19、1.42、1.41、1.72倍;钙的摄入量为454.89 mg,远低于AI,仅占AI的45.49%。结论辽宁省≥50岁居民营养素摄入不平衡,应加强营养知识的宣传教育,引导居民合理膳食,以有效预防与营养有关慢性病的发生。     

淮安市楚州区中小学生膳食营养状况分析

目的了解淮安市楚州区中小学生膳食营养素摄入状况,为指导学生科学用餐提供依据。方法采用24h膳食回顾法,连续调查1156名中小学生3d的膳食,以2001年中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)进行评估。结果中小学生营养素摄入情况不理想,达到RNI或AI推荐值的比例较低,其中钙的摄入状况最差,男、女生达到AI的人数比例分别为5%和2%左右,维生素A、硫胺素、锌、硒等营养素的摄入量低于EAR的比例较高,其中维生素A摄入量低于EAR的比例在85%以上。早餐摄入量偏低,零食占据一定比例。三大产能营养素摄入比例合理。结论淮安市楚州区中小学生饮食结构不合理。应加强营养知识教育,按膳食指南和平衡膳食宝塔的要求合理安排膳食。     

不同食道癌发病地区居民食物营养素摄取状况的比较

[目的]比较食道癌低发区南京市与食道癌高发区淮安市居民食物营养素摄入量的差别。[方法]随机选择南京市、淮安市405名居民,采用询问与记录相结合的方法调查其连续3d食物摄入情况,并进行营养素摄取量的分析,比较两地食物与营养素摄取的差异。[结果]淮安地区居民能量、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、胡萝卜素、钠、镁、谷物、油、盐、猪油、腌菜、酒精的摄入量明显高于南京居民,而蛋白质、维生素E、硒、胆固醇、根茎类、禽肉、畜肉、奶、水产、坚果类、糖、糕点的摄入量显著较低。钠的摄取量超过AI的比例明显较高,而维生素E、硒摄取量达到AI/RNI的比例明显较低。[结论]食道癌高发区居民谷物、腌菜、猪油、盐、酒、能量、脂肪、膳食纤维、钠摄取量较高,而根茎类、禽肉、鱼、坚果、蛋白质、硒、维生素E摄取较少。[目的]比较食道癌低发区南京市与食道癌高发区淮安市居民食物营养素摄入量的差别。[方法]随机选择南京市、淮安市405名居民,采用询问与记录相结合的方法调查其连续3d食物摄入情况,并进行营养素摄取量的分析,比较两地食物与营养素摄取的差异。[结果]淮安地区居民能量、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、胡萝卜素、钠、镁、谷物、油、盐、猪油、腌菜、酒精的摄入量明显高于南京居民,而蛋白质、维生素E、硒、胆固醇、根茎类、禽肉、畜肉、奶、水产、坚果类、糖、糕点的摄入量显著较低。钠的摄取量超过AI的比例明显较高,而维生素E、硒摄取量达到AI/RNI的比例明显较低。[结论]食道癌高发区居民谷物、腌菜、猪油、盐、酒、能量、脂肪、膳食纤维、钠摄取量较高,而根茎类、禽肉、鱼、坚果、蛋白质、硒、维生素E摄取较少。     

北京市50岁以上中老年人膳食营养状况调查

目的为了解北京市50岁及以上中老年人的膳食营养状况，对2002年“中国居民营养与健康状况调查”北京地区的结果进行分析。方法采用连续3d的称重法和24h回顾法，收集样本人群的食物消费种类及数量，获得个体每日食物和营养素的摄入量。结果北京市中老年人群的膳食以谷类为主，城郊区在膳食比例上存在差异。虽然人群的营养素平均摄入水平已接近或超过每日营养素供给量(RNI)，但个体之间存在较大差异。人群中仍有相当比例的个体能量、蛋白质、脂溶性维生素和B组维生素以及锌、钾等营养素的摄入达不到RNI。结论北京市中老年人群膳食结构仍欠合理；应增加维生索和矿物质丰富的蔬菜、水果和豆类制品的摄入；控制脂肪和钠的摄取；并需努力减少个体之间的差异。     

深圳市集体用餐人群膳食能量状况调查

[目的]全面了解深圳市某医院集体用餐人群的膳食营养及所摄入能量的状况,以评价本市居民能量需要得到满足的程度。[方法]从某单位筛选出合格的成年男女各20人,进行膳食调查,记录每餐膳食种类和数量等,包括零食、夜宵等进食情况。[结果]调查发现,集体用餐人群人均摄入的能量(1598.3±255.4)kcal(女性)和(2000.8±308.1)kcal(男性),均达不到推荐摄入量。膳食纤维(8.76±1.49)g(女性)和(10.29±1.79)g(男性),亦与RNI相差甚远。[结论]集体用餐人群的膳食结构不够合理,膳食结构单一,摄入的营养素不够均衡,应注意膳食结构的平衡,并加强营养教育工作。     

中国部分农村地区2～7岁留守儿童膳食营养现况研究

目的 了解中国农村留守儿童膳食营养状况,为农村留守儿童营养干预提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,随机选择农村2～7岁留守儿童1278名和对照儿童1273名作为调查对象.采用3日膳食称重法和食物摄人频率法进行膳食调查,并以中国营养学会推荐的膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)为依据,评价农村留守儿童膳食能量和各种营养素的摄人状况.结果 农村留守儿童膳食以粮谷类和蔬菜类为主,留守儿童肉禽水产类、水果类及零食类等食物的摄入量低于对照儿童,差异有统计学意义.农村留守儿童能量、三大产热营养素及部分矿物质(钙、锌、硒、钾)和维生素(维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2)的摄入量均低于推荐摄入量.农村留守儿童能量及主要营养素普遍摄入不足,能量摄入不足率在50%以上,蛋白质摄人不足率达80%以上,而钙、锌等矿物质和维生素B1、维生素B1等维生素的摄入不足率达90%以上.蛋白质来源中,优质蛋白质摄入量仅占总蛋白质摄入量的35%,而植物蛋白质占65%.此外植物性铁的摄入比例明显偏高,达到87%.结论 中国农村留守儿童的膳食结构不尽合理,能量和多种营养素摄入不足,能量、蛋白质及铁的来源不合理,膳食营养状况有待改善.     

Association between dietary folate intake and blood status of folate and homocysteine in Malaysian adults

Folate is of prime interest among investigators in nutrition due to its multiple roles in maintaining health, especially in preventing neural tube defects and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the effect of dietary folate intake on blood folate, vitamin B(12), vitamin B(6), and homocysteine status. One hundred subjects consisting of Chinese and Malay subjects volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Dietary folate intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recall and a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum and red blood cell folate were analyzed using a microbiological assay, while serum vitamin B(12) was determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the determination of serum vitamin B(6) and homocysteine. The mean folate intake, serum folate, RBC folate, serum vitamin B(12), and B(6), were higher in female subjects, with the exception of serum homocysteine. The Chinese tended to have higher folate intake, serum folate, RBC folate, and vitamin B(12). A positive association was found between folate intake and serum folate while a negative association was found between folate intake and serum homocysteine. Stepwise linear regression of serum folate showed a significant positive coefficient for folate intake whilst a significant negative coefficient was found for serum homocysteine when controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity. In conclusion, high dietary folate intake helps to increase serum folate and to lower the homocysteine levels.     

Dietary pattern is associated with homocysteine and B vitamin status in an urban Chinese population

To identify existing dietary patterns and examine associations between these patterns and plasma homocysteine and B vitamin concentrations in an urban Chinese population living in Beijing (n = 119), dietary information was collected with a food frequency questionnaire designed for this population. Plasma homocysteine and B vitamin concentrations were examined. Food group variables, expressed as percentages of total energy intake, were entered into cluster analysis to define three distinct dietary pattern groups. The prevalence of high homocysteine (>11 micromol/L for women and 12 micromol/L for men), was 31.9%; of low folate (<6.8 nmol/L), 36.2%; of low vitamin B-12 (<221 pmol/L), 36.9%; and of low vitamin B-6 (<30 nmol/L), 16.0%. The three dietary patterns derived were defined by relatively greater intake of 1) fruit and milk, 2) red meat and 3) refined cereals. More than 40% of subjects in the refined cereals group had high plasma homocysteine and low plasma folate concentrations, and 67% had low plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations. Those following the refined cereals pattern were 4 and 5.2 times more likely to have high homocysteine and low vitamin B-12 concentrations, respectively, relative to the fruit and milk dietary pattern group (P < 0.01), after adjustment for potential confounders. High intake of refined cereals was associated with low B vitamin and high homocysteine concentrations, whereas the pattern high in fruit and milk was associated with the lowest homocysteine. Dietary patterns appear to play an important role in the micronutrient and homocysteine status of these Chinese adults.     

Dietary folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine intake and the risk of breast cancer by oestrogen and progesterone receptor status

Few studies have evaluated the relationship between the consumption of dietary folate and one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients and breast cancer risk defined by oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between dietary folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and methionine intake and the risk of breast cancer by ER and PR status among Chinese women in Guangdong. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from June 2007 to August 2008, with 438 cases and 438 age (5-year interval)- and residence (rural/urban)-matched controls. Dietary intake information was assessed using a validated FFQ administered through a face-to-face interview. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate multivariate-adjusted OR and 95 % CI. A significant inverse association was found between dietary folate and vitamin B6 intake and breast cancer risk. The adjusted OR of the highest v. the lowest quartile were 0·32 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·49; P(trend) < 0·001) for dietary folate and 0·46 (95 % CI 0·30, 0·69; P(trend) < 0·001) for vitamin B6. No associations were observed for vitamin B12 and methionine intake. A significant inverse association between dietary folate intake and breast cancer risk was observed in all subtypes of ER and PR status. These findings suggest that dietary folate and vitamin B6 intakes were inversely associated with breast cancer risk. The inverse association did not differ by ER and/or PR status.     

Vitamin B intake and status in healthy Havanan men, 2 years after the Cuban neuropathy epidemic.

A prospective epidemiological study was carried out over 1 year to evaluate vitamin B complex dietary intake and status in Cuba, 2 years after the Cuban neuropathy epidemic of 1993. Of the 199 healthy middle-aged men selected, 141 completed the study. Volunteers were followed up every 3 months for 1 year. Dietary intake and status of thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate and vitamin B12 were assessed each time. The dietary intake of vitamin B complex was low, particularly in June and July (folate), and October (thiamin). A deficient status was observed for vitamin B complex, except for vitamin B6. Vitamin B complex intake and status varied over the year. However, dietary intake and status were poorly related. The results prove that healthy Cuban men represent a vulnerable population in terms of vitamin B complex status and stress the necessity to both promote preventive multivitamin supplementation and produce local food rich in vitamin B complex.     

Vitamin B6 intake by Koreans should be based on sufficient amount and a variety of food sources

OBJECTIVES: This study estimated dietary vitamin B6 intake and its food sources in young Koreans by using a modified Korean vitamin B6 database. METHODS: Dietary vitamin B6 intake and food sources were estimated from a 3-d recall method for 294 Korean college undergraduates (149 men and 145 women, age range 17 approximately 25 y) who had no health problems. Food portions were estimated by using standard household measurements and published average portions. RESULTS: Average daily intakes of vitamin B6 were 1.57 mg/d in men and 1.44 mg/d in women. Average consumptions of vitamin B6 were 104% of the Korean recommended dietary allowance in men for vitamin B6 and 102% in women. However, 37% of men and 32% of women subjects consumed less than 75% of the Korean recommended dietary allowance for vitamin B6. Major dietary sources of vitamin B6 for Korean young men were pork, rice, onion, potatoes, garlic, mackerel, spinach, egg, carrot, and chicken. Major dietary sources of vitamin B6 for young Korean women were rice, pork, kimchi, beef, bean sprout, potatoes, dumplings, and onions. As for major dietary sources of vitamin B6, the top 20 foods provided nearly 89% of total vitamin B6 in men and 70% of total vitamin B6 in women. CONCLUSIONS: Intake of vitamin B6 by young Koreans was adequate in general, but the supply of vitamin B6 for Koreans should be based on sufficient amounts and specific food sources because fewer foods contribute to vitamin B6 intake of Koreans and these foods are mainly of plant origin and less bioavailable.     

西宁市某托幼机构集体儿童膳食调查结果分析

目的 了解西宁市有代表性的某托幼机构集体儿童膳食结构情况,为制定营养配餐提供科学依据.方法 选取西宁市某幼儿园,对2009年11月至2014年11月5年间儿童膳食采取称重法进行调查记录,并通过膳食调查软件测算其营养量,用SPSS统计软件进行分析.结果 学龄前儿童的膳食营养量呈逐年升高趋势,每人每日能量、蛋白质、维生素A、钙、铁、锌的实际摄入量占推荐摄入量的比例分别为84.21%~96.05%、98.2%~114%、41.15%~84.35%、45.17%~92.57%、285.38%~150.83%和41.25%~50.63%.蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物分别占热能的15.05%~16.32%,25.74%~35.57%,和48.11%~59.72%.结论 西宁市集体儿童膳食状况逐年得到改善,钙、维生素A的摄入量比例也逐渐合理,铁摄入比例虽大,但以植物类食物为主,锌摄入量仍不足.为确保学龄前儿童健康成长,应根据儿童生理特点调整微量元素和矿物质.     

缺血性卒中患者膳食维生素摄入与颈动脉狭窄的关联研究

目的 评估缺血性卒中患者膳食维生素摄入与颈动脉狭窄之间的关系.方法 连续纳入2016年1月至2019年12月在金陵临床医学院住院的缺血性卒中患者,采用食物调查问卷评估膳食维生素摄入水平,颈动脉计算机断层血管造影(CTA)评估颈动脉狭窄率,并检测血中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、C反应蛋白(CRP)...     

447例喀什农村维吾尔族住校中学生膳食营养状况调查

目的:了解喀什地区农村住校中学生的膳食结构和存在的问题,为改善当地学生膳食营养提供依据。方法:采用24 h膳食回顾法对喀什地区两所中学的447例住校中学生的膳食情况进行调查,并根据《中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》作出评价。结果:被调查学生膳食构成中谷类、畜禽肉和油脂摄入过多,而其他食物摄入较少;三餐能量和三大营养素分配也不合理,午餐能量偏低、晚餐能量偏高,碳水化合物摄入严重偏高、而脂肪摄入严重偏低;维生素A和钙摄入严重不足,维生素C、钾、铁、锌、硒摄入量也较低,而维生素B2、烟酰胺、铜的摄入则偏高,钠的摄入严重过量。结论:学生膳食构成不合理、营养素摄入不均衡,应采取相应措施改善这一现状,倡导学生平衡膳食。     

2010年兰州市幼儿园儿童营养状况调查

目的了解现阶段兰州市幼儿园膳食模式和膳食营养状况。方法 采用称重连续5 d进行膳食调查,参照《中国居民膳食指南》及《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（Chinese DRIs）》进行评价。结果调查对象膳食结构以谷类、薯类为主,奶类、大豆及坚果类、鱼、虾类摄入不足;三大营养素供热比存在脂肪供能比例低,碳水化合物供能比例高;热量（79.86%）、脂肪（78.16%）、蛋白质（78.67%）、维生素A（78.35%）、维生素B1（78.57%）、维生素B2（57.14%）、钙（39.45%）、碘（12.67%）、镁（75.94%）、锌（60.67%）、硒（73.40%）不足RNI的80%;优质蛋白质、血红素铁的膳食来源比例低;三餐一点供能比例不合适,早餐供能比低,午餐供能比例高。结论幼儿园儿童膳食营养分布和搭配不合理,营养状况有待改善,需增加奶类、鱼虾等海产品、动物性食物摄入量,在早、中餐之间加一餐点,采用＂三餐二点＂制并合理搭配各种食物,平衡合理的膳食模式有助于提高幼儿园儿童膳食营养质量。