薄层—紫外分光光度法测定清热解痒胶囊中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的：测定清热解痒胶囊中盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法：采用薄层－紫外分光光度法,用正丁醇－冰醋酸－水（7：1：2）为展开剂,在硅胶G薄层板上分离盐酸小檗碱,然后定位,刮下,洗脱,采用紫外分光光度法进行含量测定。结果：盐酸小檗碱的平均回收率为98．6％,RSD为1．57％。结论：RSD为1．57％。结论：该法分离效果好,简便,结果准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

虎黄烧伤凝胶剂的制备及质量控制

目的确定虎黄烧伤凝胶剂的制备工艺并建立其质量控制的方法。方法通过单因素实验以凝胶剂的成型性和稳定性为考察指标,筛选出最适宜的载药基质。采用高效液相色谱法同时测定该制剂中虎杖苷和盐酸小檗碱的含量。结果虎黄烧伤凝胶剂的最佳基质材料为2.5%的羟丙甲基纤维素;虎杖苷质量浓度与峰面积的线性回归方程为Y=79415X-444889(r=0.9994),线性范围为15.6~78.0μg/mL;盐酸小檗碱质量浓度与峰面积的线性回归方程为Y=65 576X-583 154(r=0.9996),线性范围为34.75~173.75μg/mL;平均加样回收率分别为99.34%、99.64%(n=6)。结论本研究制剂制备工艺简单,性质稳定,含量测定方法准确可靠,重现性好,促进了该制剂在临床上的应用。     

连柏滴剂的制备及质量控制

目的：探讨连柏滴剂的制备工艺及质量控制。方法：采用水-醇法制备连柏滴剂;紫外分光光度法测定盐酸小檗碱的含量,并对制剂的稳定性进行了考察。结果：盐酸小檗碱浓度在0～10μg/ml范围内,与吸收度呈良好线性关系,回归方程为A=0.0312＋1.1526C,r=0.9994;加样回收率为96.39%（RSD=0.36%）。结论：本制剂的制备工艺简单,具有良好的稳定性,质量控制方法简便、快速、准确。     

盐酸小檗碱脂质体制备与质量评价研究

目的：制备盐酸小檗碱脂质体,并对其质量进行评价。方法：采用薄膜分散-pH梯度-探头超声法制备盐酸小檗碱脂质体,测定其包封率和粒径,以透射电镜观察脂质体形态。结果：盐酸小檗碱脂质体平均粒径为（158±5）nm;盐酸小檗碱包封率为91．8％。结论：结果表明脂质体粒径均一,体系稳定。     

伊洗清的质量研究

目的：控制伊洗清的质量。方法：采用薄层层析法（TLC）鉴别伊洗清中黄柏、苦参、地肤子、薄荷油；用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定制剂中盐酸小檗碱的含量。结果:4批样品盐酸小檗碱平均含量为5．05％（mg/ml)，平均回收率为97．96％。结论：上述方法简单、准确，能有效地控制制剂质量。     

HPLC法测定中药连香胶囊小檗碱的含量

高效液相色谱法测得连香胶囊中盐酸小檗碱的含量为（１５．６６±０．７０）％，加样回收率为（１０２．１０±１．８３）％，变异系数为２．２４％。本方法测定盐酸小檗碱的含量具有分离效果好、重复性好、稳定、操作简便迅速等特点，可作为制剂质量控制。     

盐酸小檗碱结晶水及其稳定性研究

目的 研究盐酸小檗碱原料药中的结晶水类型及含水量,以及盐酸小檗碱片制剂工艺对原料药结晶水的影响,为完善盐酸小檗碱片制剂质量控制提供依据。方法 采用热重分析法（TGA）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、X-射线粉末衍射法（XRPD）对盐酸小檗碱原料药中的结晶水进行研究,并考察盐酸小檗碱片生产过程及稳定性考察期间结晶水的变化情况。结果 盐酸小檗碱以二水物为主,并含有少量的四水物和游离水;盐酸小檗碱片生产过程及稳定性考察期间原料药结晶水基本无明显变化。结论 明确了盐酸小檗碱原料药中的结晶水,并做好盐酸小檗碱片生产过程质量控制,有助于确保其制剂质量均一、稳定、可控。     

盐酸青藤碱醇质体凝胶的制备及质量控制

目的:制备盐酸青藤碱醇质体凝胶并建立其质量控制方法。方法:以注入法制备醇质体,通过正交设计优选最佳处方和工艺;采用研和法制备醇质体凝胶;高效液相色谱法测定盐酸青藤碱的含量;透析法测定醇质体的包封率。结果:所得制剂为淡黄色透明凝胶,涂展性好;醇质体形态圆整,粒径小而均匀,平均包封率为62.8%。盐酸青藤碱检测浓度线性范围为5～80μg/mL(r=0.9999),平均回收率为98.5%。结论:本制剂制备工艺简单可行,重现性好,质量稳定可控。     

HPLC法测定藏药吉堪明目药中盐酸小檗碱含量

目的为控制藏药吉堪明日药的质量,建立测定藏药吉堪明目药中盐酸小檗碱含量的高效液相色谱法。方法采用KromasilC18（5μm,250mm×4．6mm）色谱柱;以甲醇－水－三乙胺（43：57：0．2,6mol·mL^-1的HCl调pH=4．0）为流动相,流速1mL·min^-1,柱温为25℃,检测波长265nm,以外标法测定藏药吉堪明目药中盐酸小檗碱含量。结果盐酸小檗碱在0．0138～0．1615mg·mL^-1的浓度范围内呈线性关系。盐酸小檗碱在供试品中的平均回收率为98．60％,重复性RSD为1．10％（n=6）。结论本法简单、快速、准确,可用于藏药吉堪明目药中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定风痛宁片中盐酸小檗碱含量

目的：建立测定风痛宁片有效成分含量的方法。方法：采用HPLC对风痛宁片中盐酸小檗碱的含量进行测定。结果：盐酸小檗碱在0．02118～0．1059μg之间具有良好的线性关系，平均回收率为100．35％，RSD=1．55％（n=5）。结论：该方法灵敏、重现性好。适用于风痛宁片中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.