多参数肺功能测量系统的研制

为了全面评估人体的呼吸、循环代谢等功能,用于诊断肺部疾病,研制了一款准确可靠肺功能测量系统（PFT）。系统分为硬件和软件两个部分,实现了呼吸、脉搏氧、二氧化碳、氧气等信号的采集,完成了肺功能系统实时绘制流量-容积曲线（FV曲线）、容积-时间曲线（VT曲线）、呼吸波形、脉搏波、二氧化碳及氧气波形,并对各个信号进行信号处理和参数计算。实验结果证明：该系统安全可靠、可以准确测量呼吸、代谢等人体基本功能,并提供可靠的参数,具有良好的应用前景。     

实验动物肺功能检测分析系统的研制

实验动物肺功能检测分析系统的研制ＴｈｅＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＴｅｓｔａｎｄＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓＳｙｓｔｅｍｆｏｒＰｕｌｍｏｎａｒｙＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌＡｎｉｍａｌ首都医科大学生物医学工程系（北京１０００５４）马文昶首都医...     

医学流量仪的研制和基于LabVIEW肺功能仪的设计

目的开发肺功能检测系统。方法利用气流质量流量传感器和虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW开发肺功能仪。结果该系统可以用于测量肺功能的1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)和用力肺活量(FVC)。结论利用气流质量流量传感器和虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW可以开发肺功能仪。     

磁感应介电常数法测量脑出血的可行性研究

目的:探讨磁感应介电常数法测量脑出血的可行性.方法:基于电磁感应原理,搭建一个发射线圈和一个接收线圈,采用磁感应测量系统测量含有介电常数信息的扰动磁场相对于激励磁场的实部.通过物理实验测量植物油、蒸馏水、血液3种溶液(每种60 mL)的实部,验证该系统测量介电常数的可行性;通过动物实验测量实验兔脑注血过程中头部的实部变...     

医学流量仪的研制和基于LabVIEW肺功能仪的设计

目的 开发肺功能检测系统。方法利用气流质量流量传感器和虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW开发肺功能仪。结果该系统可以用于测量肺功能的1s用力呼气容积（FEV1）和用力肺活量（FVC）。结论利用气流质量流量传感器和虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW可以开发肺功能仪。     

军队医院实验动物中心建设与管理

本文结合某军队医院实验动物工作发展实际,对医院实验动物中心建设及管理对策进行了研究探讨,提出了新时期军队医院实验动物中心的建设及管理思路。     

军队医学实验动物信息管理系统的设计及应用

本文立足于实验动物中心工作特点,为不断提高军队实验动物工作效率和科研服务质量,介绍设计的一种功能先进、使用方便、具有良好推广应用前景的军队医学实验动物信息管理系统,包括系统主要功能、系统操作方法等,为提高科研管理水平提供借鉴经验。     

智能化中动物饲养隔离系统的设计

目的：研制一种可自动控制的中动物饲养隔离系统。方法：根据生物安全工作的实际实验流程设计整个隔离系统及其相关的传递链、消毒链、空气负压隔离系统、动物福利系统和自动控制系统。结果：隔离系统结构图符合专利申报、生产组装要求,样机进入动物实验验证阶段。结论：该智能化系统有望为高等级生物安全实验室受病原体感染的中动物实验提供安全防护硬件支撑。     

空气污染和天气对运动中的儿童和青少年肺功能的影响

空气污染对运动中儿童的肺功能尚未被证明能引起急性影响。Wayne等发现运动成绩与周围一氧化碳浓度、气温或湿度无关,而与氧化剂及飘尘浓度则有些负相关。对洛杉矶学童的静息肺功能与污染浓度的关系所进行的测量,尚无定论。不接触污染的实验证明,健康儿童或     

实验动物安全身份认证系统的设计及应用研究

目的不断提高实验动物工作效率和科研服务质量,提高实验动物中心人员职业卫生安全及感染防护水平;方法选择计算机信息技术等方法;结果设计开发实验动物安全身份认证系统,并说明其主要功能和操作方法等;结论实验动物安全身份认证系统的功能先进,使用方便,具有良好推广应用前景。     

动物用力肺通气功能的测定

动物用力肺通气功能指标对于慢性阻塞性肺气肿（COPD）等呼吸疾病的基础医学研究具有非常重要的意义。本文介绍了一种测量动物用力肺通气功能指标的方法,并且研制了一套测量其相关指标的系统,包括硬件部分和计算机软件自动分析部分。     

香港石矿业工人的膳食状况与肺功能的关系

本研究对香港417名从事矽尘作业的职业人员以食物频率问卷的方法进行了膳食调查,并用先进的肺功能仪测定肺功能。以第一秒用力呼气量FEV_1和总用力呼气量FVCC的实测值占按其性别、身高调节计算出的标准预计值80％为界限和第一秒钟用力呼气量占总用力呼气量的比例FEV_1FVCM(FEV_1/FVCC)的75％为界限,将工人分成肺功能正常和较差两组,分析各类食品摄入频率的差异和食品对肺功能之间的相互关系。结果表明,豆类和全麦制品对肺功能有促进作用,而油炸食品的作用相反。肺和血类食品的摄入频率在不同肺功能组间有显著性差异。本文讨论了造成上述结果的可能原因。     

Association between exhaled nitric oxide, ambient air pollution and respiratory health in school children

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the level of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) provides a more sensitive measure to assess adverse pulmonary effects of air pollution than conventional lung function indices. METHOD: The non-selected cohort studied consisted of 68 children (aged 10-11 years) living in an urban environment. For 7 weeks respiratory complaints were reported daily by these children in a diary, and lung function measures and eNO levels were determined in the children once a week on days with various level of air pollution. RESULTS: During the study the increase in the levels of the various air pollutants was positively associated with eNO (6% to 31% increase; P<0.05) but not with lung function measures. In contrast to the lung function measures, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms such as "sore throat", "runny nose", "having a cold", and "sick at home" were positively associated with the level of eNO measured in the following week. CONCLUSIONS: Though clinically very meaningful, functional pulmonary measures appear to be too course to detect relatively mild clinical symptoms in response to exposure to air pollution. In an epidemiological setting the increase in eNO may represent a more suitable measure to assess such adverse effects.     

Effect of tracer and intravenous fat emulsion on the measurement of reticuloendothelial system function

Since the addition of lipid to intravenous feeding formulas, animal and human studies have shown impairment of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) due to slow rates of clearance and gradual accumulation of long chain triglycerides (LCT) in the liver. Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) accumulate only minimally in the liver and do not impair the RES. However, results from animal studies using technetium sulfur colloid (TSC) to assess RES function have been inconclusive. The present study reevaluates RES function after lipid infusion in guinea pigs as measured by organ distribution of TSC. Guinea pigs were fed 300 kcal/kg/day of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 2.5 days, with 50% of nonprotein calories as fat in the form of LCT or MCT, then injected intravenously with 2.5 or 25 microCi of TSC, and uptake by liver, spleen, and lungs was determined. Liver, lungs, and spleen all increased in size after TPN with LCT or MCT. Liver TSC uptake was significantly affected by the dose of TSC (p less than 0.05), with the high dose probably inducing an increased capacity of the liver to clear TSC from the blood. Liver uptake was not influenced by diet, but feeding MCT did significantly stimulate lung uptake of TSC (p less than 0.0001). This suggests that the hepatic TSC uptake system is not saturable, and may not be an appropriate measure of Kupffer cell function since the colloid is not phagocytosed. However, TSC blood clearance remains an excellent prognostic indicator for bacteremia and mortality in humans, and is useful for measuring global RES function.     

Correlation of mutagenic assessment of Houston air particulate extracts in relation to lung cancer mortality rates

Air particulate extracts from a series of solvents were tested in the Ames mutagen detection system and were found to be mutagenic in varying degrees as a function of the particulate collection site in Houston, Texas. The mutagenicity level at seven sites was compared with age-adjusted mortality rates in the same areas. Significant correlation was found with the lung cancer mortality rates but not with mortality rates for other causes. These findings support the hypothesis of a contribution of urban air particulate to the lung cancer rates. Furthermore, these findings suggest that an index of the mutagenicity of air particulate is a more powerful measure of the human health hazard of air pollution than the traditional indices of particulate concentration.     

Development of a small animal model to simulate clinical stereotactic body radiotherapy-induced central and peripheral lung injuries

Given the tremendous potential of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), investigations of the underlying radiobiology associated with SBRT-induced normal tissue injury are of paramount importance. This study was designed to develop an animal model that simulates centrally and peripherally located clinical SBRT-induced lung injuries. A 90-Gy irradiation dose was focally delivered to the central and peripheral areas of the left mouse lung with an image-guided small-animal irradiation system. At 1, 2 and 4 weeks after irradiation, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of the lung were taken. Lung function measurements were performed with the Flexivent^® system (SCIREQ^©, Montreal, Canada). For the histopathological analysis, the lungs were fixed by perfusing with formalin, and paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson''s Trichrome. Gross inspection clearly indicated local lung injury confined to the central and peripheral areas of the left lung. Typical histopathological alterations corresponding to clinical manifestations were observed. The micro-CT analysis results appeared to correlate with the histopathological findings. Mouse lung tissue damping increased dramatically at central settings, compared with that at the control or peripheral settings. An animal model to simulate clinical SBRT-induced central and peripheral lung injuries was developed and validated with histopathological, radiological and functional analyses. This model increases our understanding of SBRT-induced central and peripheral lung injuries and will help to improve radiation therapy in the future.     

Long-term effects of ambient air pollution on lung function: a review

Lung function is an important measure of respiratory health and a predictor of cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. Over the past 2 decades, more than 50 publications have investigated long-term effects of ambient air pollution on lung function with most finding adverse effects. Several studies have also suggested effects from traffic-related air pollution. There is strong support for air pollution effects on the development of lung function in children and adolescents. It remains unclear whether subjects with slower development of lung function compensate by prolonging the growth phase, or whether they end their development at a lower plateau, thus entering the decline phase with a reduced lung function. In adults, the evidence for long-term air pollution effects is mostly based on cross-sectional comparisons. One recent longitudinal study observed that decreasing pollution attenuated the decline of lung function in adults. Earlier inconclusive cohort studies were based on limited data. There is great diversity in study designs, markers of air pollution, approaches to the measurement of exposure, and choices in lung function measures. These limit the comparability of studies and impede quantitative summaries. New studies should use individual-level exposure assessment to clarify the role of traffic and to preclude potential community-level confounding. Further research is needed on the relevance of specific pollution sources, particularly with regard to susceptible populations and relevant exposure periods throughout life.     

Lung function decline in laboratory animal workers: the role of sensitisation and exposure

Background: Little is known about the relation between allergic sensitisation and subsequent long term lung function changes in working populations exposed to sensitising agents.

Aims: To investigate whether exposure and work related sensitisation to laboratory animals are associated with lung function decline.

Methods: The relation between exposure and sensitisation to laboratory animal allergens and changes in lung function was investigated in a longitudinal study (median follow up 2.0 years) among 319 laboratory animal workers. Subjects who had been working with laboratory animals for less than 4 years (n = 102) were analysed separately, since an earlier cross sectional analysis had suggested a strong healthy worker effect in more experienced workers.

Results: In multiple regression analyses both sensitisation and exposure appeared to contribute independently to lung function decline in subjects who had been working with laboratory animals for less than 4 years, adjusting for gender, age, smoking, and atopy. Lung function decline was most pronounced in sensitised subjects who continued to be in contact with the animals to which they were sensitised, with estimated average excess declines in FEV₁, FVC, and MMEF of 83 ml/y (p < 0.05), 148 ml/y (p < 0.01), and 7 ml/s/y (p = 0.9).

Conclusions: We conclude that exposure to laboratory animals is a significant risk factor for accelerated lung function decline, and that sensitised workers are especially at risk.