肌松药对丁卡因引起的离体家兔宫颈环肌条松驰作用的影响

本文就肌松药对丁卡因引起的离体家兔宫颈环肌条松驰的作用进行实验，结果表明：１．丁卡因本身对离体家兔宫颈环肌条的松驰作用不明显。２．预告注入肾上腺素后，使离体家兔宫颈环肌条处于收缩状态下，丁卡因可使肾上腺素的收缩曲线明显下降，且呈剂量依赖性。３．丁卡因在肾上腺素作用下，与肌松药合用，其离体家兔宫颈环肌条的松驰作用明显增强。提示：临床应用丁卡因可与肌松药合用，以减少丁卡因用药量提高麻醉效果。     

胆汁对豚鼠离体胆囊肌条收缩影响的实验研究

目的：观察不同浓度的胆汁对胆囊平滑肌运动的影响并初步探讨其作用机理。方法：将肌条置于离体平滑肌灌流肌槽内，用生理记录仪记录肌条的收缩活动。结果：(1)胆汁可降低离体胆囊肌条张力，减慢收缩频率，减小收缩波平均振幅。(2)心得安、L—NNA、六烃季胺可部分阻断胆汁对脂囊肌条的作用。结论：胆汁对豚鼠胆囊肌条的作用与肾上腺素能β受体、胆碱能N受体和N0有关。     

参麦液与氨茶碱合用对膈肌收缩力和静息张力的影响

对比观察了参麦液和氨茶碱对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠离体膈肌条收缩力和静息张力的不同影响。表明，氨茶碱对鼠离体膈肌条具有显著提高收缩力的作用，但同时也引起静息张力的增高，参麦注射液对鼠离本膈肌条具有明显降低收缩力的作用，而对静息张力无明显影响，联合应用两药后鼠离体膈条的收缩力有显著提高，而对静息力无明显影响，研究结果提示合理配用两药能很好改善膈肌的收缩和舒张能力。     

枳实对大鼠结肠肌条运动的影响

目的：观察枳实对大鼠离体结肠肌条收缩活动的影响。方法：结肠肌条在盛有5mlKrebs液实，酚妥拉明，普萘洛尔或L-NNA对肌条收缩活动的影响。结果：枳实可显著减小结肠肌条的平均收缩幅度及频率，该作用可被酚妥拉明部分阻断，但不受普萘洛尔或L-NNA的影响。结论：枳实可抑制大鼠离体结肠肌条的收缩活动。该抑制作用部分与α受体有关。     

炔诺酮肟对兔输卵管环行肌与纵行肌活动的影响

观察离体条件下炔诺酮肟（ＮＥＴＯ）的激素活性，并与炔雌醇、孕酮进行比较。家兔输卵管灌流实验结果表明，当灌流液中加入１００～４００μｇ／ｍｌ的ＮＥＴＯ时，刺激环肌收缩可增加输卵管压力，从１．１７±０．３２ｋＰａ升至５．９３±０．３９ｋＰａ，呈现出明显的剂量依赖性反应，这一作用与炔雌醇作用相似。离体家兔输卵管肌条收缩实验结果表明，ＮＥＴＯ在小剂量（浴槽内终浓度为１０μｇ／ｍｌ）时，可使纵肌兴奋；大剂量（浴槽内终浓度为２０μｇ／ｍｌ）时，则可抑制纵肌的活动，这一作用亦与炔雌醇相似。实验还证明了孕酮能完全阻止ＮＥＴＯ升高输卵管内压力的作用。     

胃必欢颗粒对大鼠离体胃底肌条活动的影响

目的:观察胃必欢颗粒对功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)大鼠离体胃底肌条活动的影响.方法:以FD大鼠为实验对象,用收缩波幅、收缩频率的变化观察离体胃底肌条活动情况,并观察不同治疗组之间和各组给药前后对乙酰胆碱或肾上腺素的拮抗作用,并以此评价药物的疗效.结果:胃必欢颗粒明显增强胃底肌条的收缩幅度,和半夏泻心汤疗效相当(P<0.01),西沙必利效果较差(P<0.5);胃必欢颗粒和西沙必利能明显加快收缩频率,二者疗效相当(P>0.05),优于半夏泻心汤(P<0.01);胃必欢颗粒对乙酰胆碱或肾上腺素有明显的拮抗作用.结论:胃必欢颗粒对胃肠运动有双向调节作用.     

毛冬青甲素对豚鼠心肌收缩力及家兔主动脉条收缩张力的作用

毛冬青甲素(Ilexonin A)是从毛冬青叶提炼出来经半合成的一种化合物。本文用豚鼠离体心房肌灌流法及家兔主动脉条灌流法,观察到毛冬青甲素有增强豚鼠心房肌收缩力、阻遏去甲肾上腺素诱发的家兔主动脉条收缩张力升高的效应,对完全松弛的家兔主动脉条无增加其张力的作用。本文讨论了毛冬青甲素增强心肌收缩力及降低血管张力的可能机制。     

大腹皮对豚鼠胃体环行肌条收缩活动的影响

目的：观察大腹皮水煎剂对豚鼠胃体环行肌条的收缩活动，并探讨其作用机制。方法：取胃体环行肌条置于灌流肌槽中，累积加入不同浓度的大腹皮水煎剂及分别加入拮抗剂，观察对肌条收缩活动的影响。结果：大腹皮增大胃体环行肌条的收缩波平均振幅、增高肌条张力、加快收缩频率，并呈一定剂量依赖关系：4-DAMP可部分阻断大腹皮对胃体环形肌条收缩波平均振幅的增大作用，而加拉明无明显作用。结论：大腹皮增大胃体环行肌条的收缩波平均振幅，其作用部分通过胆碱能M3受体，而不是M2受体介导。     

枳实对经产家兔离体阴道和子宫平滑肌收缩作用的实验研究

目的：探讨枳实对经产家兔离体阴道和子宫的收缩作用。方法：将经产家兔离体阴道和子宫平滑肌条悬挂于平滑肌浴槽装置内,采用累积加药的方法,观察枳实对实验标本收缩强度和收缩频率的影响。结果：枳实有兴奋家兔离体阴道和子宫平滑肌的作用,能诱发肌条的节律性收缩活动及加快收缩频率。结论：枳实对家兔离体阴道和子宫平滑肌有收缩作用。     

Ghrelin对大鼠胃肠动力的影响

目的:从器官、组织的不同水平测定大鼠Ghrelin作用下胃肠动力的变化。方法:运用BD2000作为胃肠标记物,同时测定胃残留率和小肠推进比;多导生理仪记录大鼠胃窦肌电活动;多导生理仪记录离体大鼠胃体上1/3起搏区[带有ICC(interstitial cells of Caja)的胃肌]和胃窦环行肌肌条收缩波改变。结果:给药组大鼠胃残留量较对照组明显减少,给药组胃电慢波振幅及频率显著高于对照组,快波频率也增多。在组织水平,在Ghrelin作用下给药组离体的动物胃体起搏区及胃窦环行平滑肌肌条收缩幅度明显高于对照组;给药组胃体起搏区肌条的收缩频率与对照组无明显差别;给药组胃窦环行平滑肌条的收缩频率明显高于对照组,与其在体实验中胃排空明显增强,动力升高相吻合。结论:Ghrelin能增强胃肠动力,促进胃排空。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.