右美托咪定用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉中的效果及安全性分析

目的探讨右美托咪定在腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉中的效果及安全性。方法将我院择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者76例随机均分为对照组（气管插管后术前10min给予静脉泵注生理盐水）和实验组（气管插管后术前10min给予静脉泵注右美托咪定）,均以丙泊酚维持麻醉。比较术后两组患者入室、切皮、拔管时的心率和血压及丙泊酚维持用量和拔管时间。结果两组患者入室时的心率、血压比较无显著差异（P〉0.05）,但对照组在切皮、拔管时的心率和血压较实验组均明显上升（P〈0.05）;实验组丙泊酚维持用量明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;术后拔管时间及术后烦躁发生率均低于对照组患者（P〈0.05）。结论右美托咪定用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉中具有效果明显、安全性高等优势,值得临床推广。     

右美托咪定对合并高血压行腹腔镜胆囊切除患者拔管期血流动力学的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对合并高血压行腹腔镜胆囊切除患者拔管期血流动力学的影响。方法 120例ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级合并高血压腹腔镜胆囊切除患者,随机分为右美托咪定组(右美组)和对照组。两组患者全麻诱导和维持相同,术毕前10min右美组患者10min内静脉泵注1μg/kg的右美托咪定,对照组患者以相同速率静脉泵注相同容量生理盐水。观察并记录围拔管期SBP和HR、苏醒时间、拔管时间。结果与给药前比较,对照组在拔除气管导管时和气管拔管1min SBP和HR均显著性升高(P<0.05);右美组中,在拔除气管导管时、气管拔管1min和5min SBP和HR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,拔管时、拔管后1min,右美组SBP和HR明显下降(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定能有效减轻合并高血压行腹腔镜胆囊切除患者拔管期的心血管应激反应。     

对右美托咪啶预防腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者全身麻醉苏醒期不良反应的临床观察

目的观察右美托咪啶预防腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者全身麻醉苏醒期不良反应的临床效果。方法选择60例拟在全身麻醉下择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的患者(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级),随机分为2组:右美托咪啶组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组30例。D组:麻醉诱导前静脉泵注右美托咪啶负荷量1.0 ug/kg,泵注时间15 min,之后输注速度设定为0.2 ug/kg.h至手术结束。C组:右美托咪啶改为生理盐水。记录停用麻醉药前、拔管时、拔管后5 min患者HR、SBP、DBP,自主呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间,气管拔管时间(从手术结束到拔除气管导管),苏醒期患者躁动的情况。结果拔管时,两组HR、SBP、DBP较停药前升高,但D组的升高程度低于C组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);拔管后5 min,D组HR、SBP、DBP与停药前无明显变化,而C组HR、SBP、DBP较停药前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者苏醒期躁动比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪啶可有效预防全身麻醉苏醒期的血流动力学波动,并能减少躁动的发生率。     

丙泊酚结合右美托咪定对老年手术患者气管插管反应影响

[目的]分析丙泊酚结合右美托咪定对老年手术患者气管插管反应影响,为临床患者诊疗提供一些借鉴。[方法]选取2016年8月至2018年2月间在我院行全身麻醉择期腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者94例,随机数字表法分成2组,观察组(47例)泵注右美托咪定剂量为0.6μg/kg,对照组(47例)泵注20 mL生理盐水,而后行麻醉诱导。记录患者意识消失时间及患者使用阿托品及麻黄碱状况,观察患者在进入手术室(T0)、气管插管前(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)及气管插管后3分钟(T3)HR、BIS数值、MAP、舒张压(DBP)及静脉压(SBP)改变状况。[结果]观察组患者意识消失时间为(27.02±2.61)s,对照组为(40.22±2.94)s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与T0时刻相比,观察组T1至T3、对照组T1、T3时刻MAP、BIS、HR、DBP及SBP显著下降,与T1时刻相比,对照组T2时刻MAP、BIS、HR、DBP及SBP显著上升,观察组患者T3时刻MAP、BIS、HR、DBP及SBP低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组使用阿托品有5例(10.64%),对照有14例(29.79%);观察组使用麻黄碱有2例(4.26%),对照组有13例(27.66),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]老年手术患者在行麻醉诱导时采用小剂量丙泊酚结合右美托咪定可有效降低气管插管反应,提高麻醉安全性。     

右美托咪啶对全麻CO_2气腹下腹腔镜手术应激反应的影响

目的探讨右美托咪啶用于气管插管全麻CO2气腹下腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者应激反应的影响。方法 30例择期行气管插管全麻CO2气腹下腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,随机分为对照组(C组)、右美托咪啶组(D组,右美托咪啶持续泵入),各15例。于麻醉诱导前(T0)、插管即刻(T1)、气腹时(T2)、拔管即刻(T3),记录两组心率(HR)、血糖、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、中心静脉压(CVP)。结果两组各时点CVP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C组T1、T2、T3时点HR、血糖、血压较T0明显升高,且高于D组(P<0.01);D组各时点HR、血糖、血压均无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪啶对CO2气腹引起的应激反应有明显的抑制作用,可减轻全麻患者气管插、拔管引起的的心血管反应。     

右美托咪定在腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉中的效果观察分析

目的探究患者在进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术时,右美托咪定所具有的麻醉效果与安全性。方法选取的研究患者均接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术,总例数为68例,收录在我院2017年6月至2019年5月,利用计算机表法,将患者进行分组对比,组别分别命名为研究组与对照组,每组各为34例,在术前十分钟,给予对照组患者0.9%氯化钠溶液,观察组患者给予右美托咪定,两组患者的麻醉维持药物均给予丙泊酚。对比两组患者插管时的心率、血压变化以及术中丙泊酚持续用量、术后拔管时间。结果将两组患者的研究结果进行对比,研究组患者插管时的心率、血压变化水平,术中丙泊酚的用量与术后拔管时间的数值均低于参照组,检验结果呈现为P0.05。结论在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中给予右美托咪定可以起到良好的麻醉效果。     

不同剂量右美托咪定对妇科腹腔镜手术围术期血流动力学的影响

目的:观察术前静脉预注射不同剂量右美托咪定对于妇科腹腔镜手术围术期血流动力学的影响.方法:选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者80例,随机分成对照组(C组)、小剂量组(L组)、中剂量组(M组)和大剂量组(H组),每组20例.C组患者于诱导前静脉输注同等容量的生理盐水;L、M和H组患者分别输注右美托咪定0.2、0.4和0.8μg·kg-1.分别于输注右美托咪定前(T0)、输注右美托咪定10min后(T1)、气管插管即刻(T2)、气管插管后1min(T3)、气腹后10min(T4)、气管拔管即刻(T5)记录患者的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和心率(HR).结果:与T0时比较,TI时M组和H组HR均降低,H组SBP、DBP升高(P<0.05);与T1时比较,T2时C组和L组SBP、DBP和HR降低,T3～T5时SBP、DBP和HR升高(P<0.05);与M组比较,T1～T5时H组SBP、DBP升高(P<0.05).结论:静脉输注右美托咪定剂量0.4μg·kg-1,可有效地维持妇科腹腔镜手术患者的血流动力学稳定,减轻CO2气腹下腹腔镜手术患者的应激反应.     

右美托咪定在颅内血肿清除术中的应用

目的：观察右美托咪定在颅内血肿开颅清除术中的应用效果.方法：行颅内血肿清除术的患者38例,随机分为右美托米啶（M）组和对照（N）组.M组在10 min内静脉输注1 μg/kg右美托咪定,术中右美托米啶0.2~0.5 μg/（kg·h）泵注维持至切开硬脑膜后停药,N组泵注等容量生理盐水.观察用药前（T0）、用药后（T1）、气管插管前（T2）、气管插管后（T3）、手术后即刻（T4）、手术后60 min（T5）和手术结束时（T6）各时点SBP、DBP、MAP和HR值,记录术中的丙泊酚用量和血管活性药物的用量.结果：M组T0~T6各时点间,SBP、DBP和MAP差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,T1~T6各时点HR差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,均明显低于T0时点（P〈0.01）.N组T2时点SBP、DBP、MAP和HR明显低于T3~T6各时点（P〈0.01）.右美托咪定组的丙泊酚用量和麻黄碱的使用例数显著少于对照组（P〈0.01）.结论：右美托咪定可以使颅内血肿清除术的血流动力学平稳,并节约丙泊酚的用量.     

右美托咪定用于腹腔镜子宫切除术的效果探讨

目的探讨右美托咪定用于腹腔镜子宫切除术全麻维持的效果。方法选取该院进行腹腔镜子宫切除术患者100例,随机分为两组,研究组气管插管后静脉泵注右美托咪定;对照组不使用右美托咪定。结果研究组的自主呼吸恢复时间、气管导管拔出时间、术后清醒时间优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论右美托咪定静脉泵注用于全麻维持可缩短患者的全麻复苏时间,效果显著。     

右美托咪定在单气囊小肠镜诊疗术中的应用

目的:探讨右美托咪定用于单气囊小肠镜诊疗术的有效性和安全性。方法:ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行单气囊小肠镜诊疗的患者30例,随机分为右美托咪定组(D组)和生理盐水对照组(C组)。D组单次给予0.9%氯化钠溶液稀释的盐酸右美托咪定注射液0.6μg.kg-1,经静脉泵输入的时间为10 min。C组用等体积的0.9%氯化钠溶液替换右美托咪定注射液。给药完毕后观察10 min,两组均以静脉持续泵注丙泊酚维持麻醉。观察记录两组患者入室、微泵持续泵注右美托咪啶10 min时、气管插管即刻、置入小肠镜和气管拔管时各时段SBP、DBP和HR变化,患者丙泊酚诱导剂量、诱导时间、术中维持麻醉时丙泊酚用量和拔管时间(从手术结束至拔除气管导管),记录术中合并用药情况和术后不良反应发生的情况。结果:与C组相比,D组诱导时间、苏醒时间明显缩短(P<0.05),麻醉诱导、术中丙泊酚用量明显少于C组(P<0.05);与入室时比较,置入小肠镜时和拔管时C组血压明显升高、心率明显增快(P<0.05),D组血压、心率无明显变化。两组患者苏醒时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),苏醒期躁动发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:右美托咪定用于单气囊小肠镜诊疗术可明显缩短麻醉诱导时间,使患者围术期血流动力学更稳定,减少麻醉药物的使用,术后苏醒迅速而完全,无明显不良反应,可以安全有效地应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.