Hematological parameters in tench Tinca tinca after short term exposure to lead

Alterations in the hematological parameters of Tinca tinca were studied after exposure to lead at different concentrations and durations of exposure. Dose of 75/24 (ppm/h) did not cause significant change in any blood parameter. The 300/48 dose caused a significant increase in hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and a significant decrease in red blood cell (RBC) count and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The 30/24 dose caused a significant increase in Hct and RBC count only. The 30/96 dose caused a significant increase in Hct and a significant decrease in MCHC only. The 30/504 dose caused a significant decrease in RBC count and a significant increase in MCV and MCH. The 75/96 dose caused a significant increase in Hct and a significant decrease in MCH and MCHC. The 75/504 dose caused a significant decrease in Hct, hemoglobin (Hb) and RBC count, and a significant increase in MCV and MCH. These alterations were attributed to direct or feedback responses of structural damage to RBC membranes resulting in hemolysis and impairment in hemoglobin synthesis, stress related release of RBCs from the spleen and hypoxia, induced by exposure to lead.     

Hematotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of dichlorvos at sublethal dosages in rats

The present study was designed to understand the effects of sublethal concentrations of dichlorvos (DIC) on hematological constituent [red blood corpuscles, white blood corpuscles (WBC), mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, platelet counts, hemoglobin and hematocrite levels] and serum damage marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanin aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase) in rats at subacute period under laboratory conditions. DIC at dosages of 5 and 10 ppm was administered orally to six male rats ad libitum during the tests for 4 weeks consecutively. According to the results, DIC treatments increased significantly the levels of serum marker enzyme activities, whereas they did not change hematologic constituent except for WBC number treated with both dosages of DIC. The observations presented led us to conclude that the administrations of subacute DIC induced the levels of damage marker enzymes and leukocytosis.     

输注红细胞治疗多发性骨折的疗效分析

目的观察多发性骨折患者输注红细胞（RBC）的效果。方法对40例多发性骨折患者输注红细胞前后RBC、红细胞比容（HCT）、血红蛋白（Hb）值的变化情况进行比较分析。将伴有感染、发热及大量渗出的20例患者定为A组;不伴有感染、发热及大量渗出的20例患者定为B组。结果两组多发性骨折患者输注红细胞后RBC、HCT、Hb指标上升有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,B组红细胞输注效果好于A组。结论多发性骨折患者应及时纠正休克,控制感染及发热,减少渗出,避免因大量或多次输血影响免疫系统,可提高红细胞输注的有效性。     

Long-term intake of a high zinc diet causes iron deficiency anemia accompanied by reticulocytosis and extra-medullary erythropoiesis

To elucidate the pathophysiology of zinc (Zn)-induced iron (Fe) deficiency anemia (IDA), we examined hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, hematocrit (Ht) levels, numbers of circulating red blood cells (RBC) and reticulocytes, values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum Zn, Fe and erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations and histopathological changes in the bone marrow, spleen and liver using rats fed with a standard or high Zn diet for 20 weeks. Rats fed with the high Zn diet exhibited a significant decrease in Hb concentrations, Ht levels and MCV, MCH and MCHC values, indicating microcytic hypochromic anemia characterized by Fe deficiency. Also, a marked decrease in serum Fe concentrations was seen in rats fed with the high Zn diet relative to rats fed with the standard diet. Interestingly, the number of RBC was comparable in both groups of rats, although a decrease in the number of RBC is ordinarily seen in IDA. There were reticulocytosis and extra-medullary erythropoiesis in the spleen and an increase in serum EPO concentrations in rats fed with the high Zn diet vs. those on the standard diet. These observations suggest that both reticulocytosis and extra-medullary erythropoiesis in the spleen played a role in maintaining the number of RBC in rats fed with the high Zn diet, preventing further progression of anemia. Further, increased production of EPO may be involved in the induction of reticulocytosis and extra-medullary erythropoiesis in the spleen.     

黄芪及其复方治疗小儿中间型β地中海贫血的临床观察及护理体会

目的:探讨黄芪及其复方治疗小儿中间型β地中海贫血的护理方法。方法:将40例中间型β地中海贫血的患儿按1∶1∶1随机分为复方中药组、单味黄芪组及安慰剂对照组。90 d为1个疗程,治疗前及治疗30,60,90 d,分别取患儿的手指末梢血检测血常规﹝观察血红蛋白(Hb)、外周血红细胞总数(RBC)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)、平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)﹞。以碱性血红蛋白电泳,检测胎儿血红蛋白(HbF)比例及含量。结果:复方中药组9例中有效6例,无效3例,总有效率66.74%;单味黄芪组12例中显效1例,有效7例,无效4例,总有效率66.74%;安慰剂对照组9例中有效6例,无效3例,总有效率11.30%,复方中药组和单味黄芪组与安慰剂对照组的总有效率比较,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。患儿的Hb,RBC,MCH血液指标明显提高,各组治疗前后患儿Hb,RBC和MCH差异均有统计意义(P0.05)。结论:黄芪及其复方对小儿中间型β地中海贫血有较好疗效,同时结合耐心细致的护理十分重要,可减少并发症,提高临床疗效。     

Determination hematotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of trichloroacetic acid at sublethal dosage in rats

The present study was designed to understand the effects of sublethal concentration of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) on hematological constituents [Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC) White Blood Corpuscles (WBC), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Platelet (PLT) counts, Hemoglobin (HB) and Hematocrite (HCT) levels] and liver damage biomarker [cholesterol (CHL), protein (PRT) and bilirubin (BIL)] in rats at subchronic period under laboratory conditions. 2000 ppm dosage of TCA was administered orally to 6 male rats ad libitum during the tests for 52 days consecutively. Results showed that TCA caused a significant increase in the serum BIL whereas decrease in PRT and CHL. With regards to hematological constituents, while RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HB and HCT level decreased significantly, PLT counts increased in rats treated with 2000 ppm of TCA exposure. The observations presented led us to conclude that TCA administration of subchronic at sublethal dosage induced the liver damage and possessed hematotoxic in rat. These data, along with the determined changes suggest that TCA produce substantial systemic organ toxicity in rats during the period of a 52-day subchronic exposure.     

Time-course changes of hematology and clinical chemistry values in pregnant rats

The aim of this study is to report how pregnancy alters hematology and clinical chemistry values in rats. Female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were mated; the day of copulation was designated as Day 0. Hematology and clinical chemistry measurements were conducted on Days 7, 14, 17 and 21 in pregnant rats. Measurements were also conducted in non-pregnant rats. Red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), total protein and albumin decreased on Days 7, 14, 17 and 21; sodium, chloride and glucose decreased on Days 14, 17 and 21; iron decreased on Days 17 and 21; hemoglobin content of reticulocytes (CHr), calcium, inorganic phosphorus and the albumin/globulin ratio decreased on Day 21; and total cholesterol, phospholipid and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased on Day 14 in pregnant rats compared with non-pregnant rats. Reticulocyte increased on Days 7, 14 and 17; mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, neutrophil count and rate increased on Days 14, 17 and 21; platelets, fibrinogen, triglyceride and free fatty acid increased on Days 17 and 21; and activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged on Days 17 and 21 in pregnant rats compared with non-pregnant rats. The decreased RBC, Hb, Ht, CHr and iron in pregnant rats indicated that they suffered from iron deficiency anemia. These data can be used as background information for effective evaluation in reproductive toxicology studies.     

心肌梗死及其预后与血小板、红细胞参数的相关性研究

目的：研究血小板参数和红细胞参数与心肌梗死的关系。方法将129例冠心病患者分成3组：稳定型心绞痛组（ n ＝43）、不稳定型心绞痛组（ n ＝41）、急性心肌梗死组（ n ＝45）,并将43例因“胸痛”入院但已排除冠心病的患者作为对照组。比较分析不同疾病患者的红细胞参数[血细胞比容（HCT）、平均血细胞体积（MCV）、血红蛋白量（MCH）、平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）]、血小板参数[血小板计数（PLT）、血小板压积（PCT）、血小板平均体积（MPV）、血小板分布宽度（PDW）]、心肌酶谱[天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK－MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）、心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）]水平,对急性心肌梗死组中的红细胞参数和血小板参数的变化趋势进行分析,利用ROC曲线分析红细胞和血小板参数诊断心肌梗死的特异性和敏感性,多因素分析三种参数心在肌梗死并发症与非并发症的作用。结果急性心肌梗死组和不稳定型心绞痛组MCV、MCHC、RDW、PLT、PCT、PDW、MPV、AST、LDH、CK－MB、cTnT、cTnI与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,急性心肌梗死后HCT呈下降趋势（P＜0．05）,MCV、MCH持续升高（P＜0．05）,MCHC逐渐降低但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,RDW在≤1 d增高,在1～7 d内持续增高并达到峰值（P＜0．05）,7～30 d内逐渐减低,但幅度较小（P＞0．05）。 PLT、PCT均呈下降的趋势,MPV和PDW逐渐增高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。红细胞参数和血小板参数中各项目的AUC分别为MCV 0．691,MCH 0．686,MCHC 0．763, RDW 0．892, PLT 0．652,PCT 0．685．MPV 0．852, PDW 0．796。血小板参数和红细胞参数和心肌酶谱均可影响发生心肌梗死后并发症。结论血小板参数和红细胞参数对诊断心肌梗死密切相关,可应用于预测评估冠心病患者患病概率和心肌梗死预后。     

Hematological and plasma biochemical responses of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) to intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins with the possible mechanisms of anemia

Alterations in hematological indices such as decreases in blood cell counts (RBC), hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations are key symptoms of anemia. However, few experiments were conducted to examine changes in hematological indices of fish exposed to microcystins that are believed to be fatal to circulatory systems of vertebrates. An acute toxicological experiment was designed to study hematological changes of crucian carp injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with extracted microcystins at two doses, 50 and 200 μg MC-LReq kg⁻¹ body weight. After being i.p. injected with microcystins, the fish exhibited behavioral abnormity. There were significant decreases in RBC in the high-dose group, and in Ht and Hb concentrations in both dose groups, while erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) significantly increased, indicating the appearance of normocytic anemia. There were no prominent changes in the three red cell indices, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR) in both dose groups suggest the occurrence of kidney impairment. Alteration in blood indices was reversible at the low dose group. Conclusively, anemia induced by kidney impairment was a key factor to cause abnormity of swimming behaviors and high mortality of crucian carp.     

Toxicological effects of arsenate exposure on hematological,biochemical and liver transaminases activity in an Indian major carp, Catla catla

The impact of acute and sublethal toxicity of arsenate on hematological, biochemical and enzymological parameters of an Indian major carp Catla catla were estimated. The median lethal concentration of sodium arsenate to the fish Catla catla for 96 h was found to be 43.78 mg/L. During acute treatment (43.78 mg/L), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), plasma glucose, plasma protein, liver aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST and ALT) levels decreased, whereas corpuscular indices like mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased in arsenate treated fish. In sublethal treatment (4.378 mg/L), Hb, Ht, RBC, plasma protein levels decreased while MCHC and plasma glucose levels increased throughout the exposure period. A biphasic trend was noticed in WBC, MCV, MCH, liver AST and ALT levels. The alterations of these parameters can be effectively used as a rapid method to assess health of fish exposed to arsenate in the aquatic environment.     

Comparative study of circadian variation in numbers of peripheral blood cells among mouse strains: unique feature of C3H/HeN mice

We examined strain differences in numbers of blood cells and their circadian rhythms in male Jcl:ICR, BALB/cA, C57BL/6J and C3H/HeN mice. The total numbers of circulating white blood cells (WBCs) were increased during subjective day and night, and the peaks in the active period were common to all strains. However, the number of WBCs in C3H/HeN mice remained lower and plasma levels of corticosterone (CS) were slightly higher throughout the day compared with the other strains. The numbers of circulating red blood cells (RBC) also differed according to strain. The numbers of RBCs, hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (HGB) were considerably lower in C3H/HeN mice compared with the other strains, although mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were highest among the tested strains. We found that serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels were considerably higher in C3H/HeN mice than in the other three strains. The high EPO level might be related to the unique features of RBCs in C3H/HeN mice. The present observations provide basic information about the numbers of peripheral blood cells and their circadian rhythm in mouse models and also demonstrate a unique feature of C3H/HeN mice.     

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether: Acute, 9-day,and 90-day vapor inhalation studies in Fischer 344 rats

The acute 4-hr LC50 (with 95% confidence limits) for Fischer 344 rats was determined to be 486 (339 to 696) ppm of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) for males and 450 (315 to 645) ppm for females. Notable observations included loss of coordination, red stained urine, and enlarged discolored kidneys at 867 and 523 ppm. In a subsequent study, rats were exposed for 9 days (6 hr/day) to EGBE concentrations of 245, 86, 20, or 0 (control) ppm. There were significant depressions of red blood cell (RBC) count (approximately 20% below control values), hemoglobin (Hgb), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) concentration and increases in nucleated erythrocytes, reticulocytes, and lymphocytes in males and females of the 245 ppm group. Decreased body weight gains and increased liver weights were also found. A 14-day postexposure recovery showed substantial reversal of the affected blood parameters. Similar, but less marked, hematologic effects were observed in rats exposed to 86 ppm of EGBE, while rats of the 20 ppm group were indistinguishable from controls. In a 90-day study, rats were exposed to EGBE concentrations of 77, 25, 5, or 0 ppm for 13 weeks (6 hr/day, 5 days/week). Slight, but statistically significant, decreases in RBC (13% below control) and Hgb, accompanied by an increase in MCH (11% above control) were observed in the 77 ppm-exposed females after 6 weeks. At the conclusion of the 90-day exposure regimen, the hematologic effects seen in the females had lessened (RBC was 7% below control) or returned to control value ranges. Furthermore, no treatment-related differences were found in body weight, organ weights, urine or serum chemistries, gross lesions, or microscopic lesions in males or females. There were no significant biological effects in rats exposed subchronically to 25 or 5 ppm. The subtle hematologic findings of these studies confirm the known RBC perturbations of EGBE.     

不同抗凝剂对血液分析仪测定参数的影响

目的探讨乙二胺四乙酸盐（EDTA-K2）、肝素、枸橼酸钠3种抗凝剂对血液各项指标的不同影响。方法 2012年2月在本院体检者中随机选择50例为研究对象,分别用3种不同抗凝剂抗凝后,对白细胞（WBC）计数、红细胞（RBC）计数、血红蛋白（Hb）、血细胞比容（HCT）、血小板（PLT）及淋巴细胞（LYM）计数等各项参数的检测结果进行比较、分析和探讨。结果 WBC计数、RBC计数、Hb、HCT、LYM计数此5项参数在3种抗凝剂组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;与EDTA-K2抗凝组相比,使用肝素和枸橼酸钠时,PLT计数降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论在血常规的检测中,使用EDTA-K2、肝素、枸橼酸钠不同抗凝剂时,WBC计数、RBC计数、Hb、HCT、LYM计数此5项参数在3种抗凝剂组间无差异;肝素和枸橼酸钠使PLT计数降低。     

The erythrocyte transport and transfer of methylmercury to the tissues of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

Methylmercury (MeHg) was found to be taken up rapidly and almost completely by trout red blood cells (RBC) both in vitro and in vivo. The binding of MeHg within the RBC was freely reversible both in vitro, as shown by the efflux of MeHg from RBCs suspended in protein solutions, and in vivo following intracardial (i.c.) injection of RBC-bound MeHg. Hemoglobin (Hb) appeared to be the main MeHg transport protein in trout blood since it bound 90% of whole blood Hg following an intragastric dose of Me203HgCl. MeHg, injected i.c. as MeHgS-cysteine, was found to be present in blood bound almost completely to hemoglobin 10 days post-injection. This suggests an ability of hemoglobin to compete for and bind MeHg bound to other sulfhydryl (-SH) compounds. The number of reactive -SH groups per molecule of trout Hb was determined to be 4 by amperometric titration with MeHgCl. The concentration of Hb reactive -SH groups in the trout RBC was calculated to be at least 20 mM. This accounts for the high affinity of the RBC for MeHg.     

Subchronic toxicity of chlorpropham (CIPC) in ICR mice.

Male and female ICR mice were given 0, 1875, 7500 or 30,000 ppm of chlorpropham (CIPC) in the diet for 13 weeks. Methemoglobin levels of male and female mice in the 7500 and 30,000 ppm groups were significantly elevated. Hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and white blood cell count of male and female mice in the 30,000 ppm group were significantly increased. Dose-dependent splenomegaly was observed in male and female mice in the 7500 and 30,000 ppm group. Congestion, increased hemosiderin deposition and increased extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen, hematopoietic cell hyperplasia and hemosiderin deposition in bone marrow was observed dose dependently in male and female mice in the 7500 or 30,000 ppm group. Eosinophilic granular cytoplasm of hepatocytes, sinusoidal dilatation, hemosiderin deposition, extramedullary hematopoiesis and necrosis of hepatocytes were observed in the liver of male and female mice in the 30,000 ppm group. Hemosiderin deposition was increased in the kidney of male and female mice in the 30,000 ppm group. Administration of CIPC in diet for 13 weeks caused methemoglobinemia and splenomegaly in ICR mice.     

血液检验在贫血患者中的诊断价值分析

目的研究血液检验在贫血诊断中的价值。方法纳入25例健康者作为健康组,25例地中海贫血患者作为地中海组,25例缺铁性贫血患者作为缺铁组。三组均行血液检验,对比三组的红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)以及血液检验对贫血患者的诊断准确率。结果地中海组RBC(5.71±0.38)×10^9/L、RDW(16.90±2.05)%高于健康组的(4.23±0.42)×10^9/L、(14.04±1.32)%,Hb(100.58±8.33)g/L、MCV(73.55±6.20)fl、MCH(7.59±1.38)pg低于健康组的(121.75±9.46)g/L、(90.38±7.62)fl、(21.87±1.84)pg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。缺铁组RBC(3.05±0.66)×10^9/L、Hb(84.05±5.91)g/L、MCV(75.04±5.98)fl低于健康组,RDW(21.94±1.51)%高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。缺铁组RBC、Hb低于地中海组,RDW、MCH高于地中海组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血液指标综合检验对贫血患者的诊断准确率为100.00%,高于RBC、Hb、RDW、MCV、MCH检验的84.00%、88.00%、88.00%、92.00%、92.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血液检验不仅能对贫血做出鉴别诊断,且能准确区分不同贫血类型,使贫血治疗针对性得到增强。     

重组人红细胞生成素在慢性肾衰血透病人贫血中的应用

目的　探讨重组人红细胞生成素 (r HuEPO)治疗慢性肾衰血透病人贫血的临床疗效。方法　给 60例慢性肾衰贫血病人于透析后皮下注射r HuEPO ,并动态观察红细胞计数 (RBC)、红细胞压积 (HCT)、血红蛋白 (Hb)、网织红细胞 (Rc)的变化。结果　病人的贫血症状明显改善 ,RBC、Hb、HCT、Rc与治疗前相比明显增高 (P <0 0 5)。结论　r HuEPO对慢性肾衰血透病人的贫血有可靠疗效     

血常规检测在妊娠期贫血孕妇中的临床应用效果研究

目的 研究血常规检测在妊娠期贫血孕妇中的临床应用效果.方法 选取60例妊娠期贫血孕妇为研究组,另选取同期健康孕妇30例为常规组.两组孕妇均行血常规检测.分析研究组不同孕期孕妇的贫血情况;比较常规组和小细胞性贫血组、常规组和大细胞性贫血组孕妇的血常规检测结果[红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、...     

Hematological and clinical chemistry changes induced by subchronic dosing of a novel phosphorothionate (RPR-V) in Wistar male and female rats

A novel phosphorothionate [2-butenoic acid-3-(diethoxy phosphinothioyl)-ethyl ester; RPR-V] synthesized at Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (Hyderabad, India) was studied using subchronic doses of 0.033 (low), 0.066 (medium), and 0.099 (high) mg kg(- 1) in male and female rats daily for 90 days. Continuous treatment with RPR-V caused significant (p < 0.05) decreases in body-weight gain, feed intake, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and total erythrocyte count (TEC), whereas total leukocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were increased. Similarly, RPR-V caused significant elevation in serum clinical chemistry parameters calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, and chloride contents, whereas protein and glucose levels were depressed in both male and female treated rats after 45 and 90 days of treatment. These alterations were significant when compared with two-way ANOVA showing that these changes were dose- and time-dependent. The effects of low dose were generally not statistically significant, whereas medium and high doses caused significant effects. The changes in male rats were not significant when compared with female rats showing no sexual dimorphism by this compound. Recovery was observed after 28 days post-treatment (withdrawal study), indicating that the compound entered into the system was eliminated from the body, and the blood parameters were improved. Hematological and clinical chemistry parameters can be detected rapidly and hence can be used for prediction and diagnosis of pesticide toxicity. Alterations in these parameters show toxic stress in the treated animals especially on blood and blood-forming organs.     

Immediate hematological toxicity of linezolid in healthy volunteers with different body weight: a phase I clinical trial

Linezolid is an important therapeutic option for infections from multi-drug resistant Gram-positive pathogens. However, prolonged linezolid treatment (>14 days) is considered to increase the risk of hematological adverse events. We aimed to evaluate the hematological safety profile of an i.v. single dose of linezolid in healthy volunteers of different body weight. We conducted a phase I clinical trial involving 20 healthy male Chinese volunteers that received an i.v. single dose of linezolid (600?mg). The study participants were assigned to two groups: low-weight (LW) group: 50?kg 相似文献