两种肌腱缝合方法的对比研究

目的 对两种肌腱缝合方法的生物力学特性进行对比研究,为临床肌腱修复术对缝合方法的选择提供理论依据.方法 收集30根完整的废弃肌腱,随机分为两组,从中间锐性切断.A组:采用新创ZM缝合法缝合肌腱;B组:采用改良Kessler缝合法缝合肌腱,缝合后立即进行生物力学测试.测定2mm间隙形成负荷、最大负荷、最大间隙、断裂方式,计算所修复肌腱的强度,所得数据进行统计学分析.结果 A组的2mm间隙形成负荷为(46.13±1.57)N、最大负荷为(57.18±1.84)N、强度为(8.45±0.34) N/mm,均大于B组的2 mm间隙形成负荷(15.02±0.67)N、最大负荷(28.63±1.95)N、强度(2.47±0.22) N/mm;A组的最大间隙(6.77± 0.29)mm小于B组的最大间隙(11.62± 0.94) mm;A组的缝线抽出率(0)小于B组缝线抽出率(100％).结论 ZM缝合法具有良好的抓持作用和强大的抗张力强度,可以满足屈肌腱修复术后早期无抗阻主动功能锻炼的需要.     

五种肌腱缝合方法的生物力学研究

目的　通过比较5 种肌腱缝合方法的生物力学特性,以指导临床工作。方法　将新鲜成年猪后足50 只,随机分成5 组,解剖暴露第二趾深屈肌肌腱后,并在Ⅱ区横断,第1 组行改良Kessler缝合,第2 组行津下缝合,第3 组行双改良Kessler 缝合,第4 组行津下加双改良Kessler 缝合,第5 组行汤氏缝合。用Instron 力学测定仪测定每组缝合方法的2 m m 间隙形成的负荷、最大负荷及功耗,并行统计学分析(ANOVA) 。结果　汤氏缝合法的2 m m 间隙形成的负荷、最大负荷及功耗最大,改良Kessler 及津下缝合法最小。汤氏缝合法与其他4 组相比较统计学差异有显著性意义( P< 0 .01) 。结论　汤氏缝合法修复的肌腱抗张强度最大     

肌腱周边缝合方法的生物力学研究

目的　比较三种肌腱周边缝合方法 ,即连续法、Cross- Stitch法和 Halsted法的生物力学特性。方法　将 60只新鲜成年猪后蹄 区趾屈肌腱造成切割伤 ,按手术先后随机分成 6组 ,每组 10只。第1～ 3组用 Kessler法进行核心缝合 ,第 4～ 6组用 Tang法进行核心缝合。各组均加用周边缝合修复腱周 :第 1、4组用连续缝合法 ,第 2、5组用 Cross- Stitch法 ,第 3、6组用 Halsted法。术后即刻应用材料力学测定仪测定修复肌腱被拉伸至出现 2 mm间隙时 ,其 2 mm间隙形成负荷及最大负荷 ;并根据位移 -负荷曲线计算其刚度及最大功耗。结果　同一核心缝合法时 ,Halsted法的 2 - mm间隙形成负荷、最大负荷、最大功耗最高 ;Cross- stitch法次之 ;连续缝合法最低。Halsted法的刚度与 Cross- stitch法相近而连续法较差。结论　 Halsted周边缝合法对肌腱抗张能力的作用最大 ,能够满足肌腱手术后早期活动所需的抗张力要求。     

一种新的四束缝合法在屈肌腱修复中的生物力学比较研究

目的 研究中央缝合U-Tang+周边缝合Halsted法与其他缝合方法的比较.方法 采用新鲜猪后肢趾深屈肌腱,将88根肌腱分为11组,每组8根,横行切断,以中央缝合U-Tang(UT)+连续交叉法Cross Stitch(CS)、UT+周边缝合Halsted(H)、UT+连续周边法Running Suture(RS)、双Kessler(DK)+ CS、DK+H、DK+RS、UT、DK、H、CS、RS共11种方法缝合.检测缝合后肌腱2mm间隙形成的负荷、最大负荷,采用ANOVA进行统计分析.结果 对肌腱的横断伤,最大负荷是UT+H组最大,为(79.3±7.6)N;2mm负荷是DK+H组最大,为(60.1±12.6)N.结论 前六种缝合方法都能满足早期功能锻炼的需要.其中UT+H法2mm负荷和最大负荷数据散布较小,结果稳定可靠,可以作为首选方法.     

掌、背侧韧带同时重建治疗第一腕掌关节脱位

目的 通过对第一腕掌关节掌背侧韧带的同时重建，为治疗第一腕掌关节脱位提供一种新的术式。方法 利用桡侧腕屈肌腱和桡侧腕长伸肌腱桡侧部分腱束移位，与拇长展肌腱交叉后编织缝合，起到同时重建掌、背侧韧带，并将第一掌骨悬吊的作用，使脱位的第一腕掌关节复位并稳定。结果 临床应用3例，效果满意。结论 桡侧屈腕肌腱和桡侧腕长伸肌腱部分移位与拇长展肌腱交叉缝合法符合第一腕掌关节韧带重建的解剖要求，操作简单，疗效满意，是治疗第一腕掌关节脱位的一种可靠方法。     

四种与Kessler相关的屈肌腱缝合方法的生物力学研究

目的 研究四种与Kessler相关的屈肌腱缝合方法 对肌腱修复抗张强度的影响.方法 采用新鲜猪后肢跖深屈肌腱,将40根肌腱分为4组,每组10根,横行切断,以Kessler法、DoubleKessler法、Running suture法、Kessler+Running suture法缝合.检测缝合后肌腱2mm间隙形成的负荷、最大抗张强度,采用ANOVA法进行统计分析.结果 对于肌腱的横断伤,最大抗张强度DoubleKessler法Kessler+Running suture法Kessler法Running suture法. 2mm间隙形成的负荷Kessler+Running suture法Double Kessler法Rumming suture法Kessler法.结论 肌腱横行损伤修复时,采用强生3-0编织缝合线,Kessler+Running suture法能够满足临床早期功能锻炼的强度要求.     

胶布粘贴固定治疗锤状指畸形37例

自1991年1月以来,我们根据手指近侧指间关节伸肌腱中央束断裂钮孔畸形形成的原理,设计胶布粘贴固定治疗锤状指畸形,具体方法:取一宽约0.5cm,长约60cm普通胶布,将其平均分成三段备用。术者将患指远端指间关节固定于过伸位,近指间关节屈曲90°,掌指关节过伸30°～45°位。取一胶布条,从患指远端掌侧固定,再依次经过手指未端,指甲,在适度牵下经手指背侧跨越远指间关节及掌指关节固定于(将胶布粘贴)近指间关节及手的背面。再取第2条胶布,将其从患者未端掌偏尺侧粘贴固定,牵引胶布向手指未节桡侧再转向手背侧,经远指间关节背侧转向近指间关节及侧达掌指关节背侧。第3条胶布粘贴固定的方向与第二条胶布固定的方向相反,方法相同。     

一种新型肌腱周边缝合方法的生物力学研究

目的通过比较连续周边缝合(Running)、Cross-stitch、Halsted及一种新型肌腱周边缝合方法的生物力学特性,为该方法的临床应用提供理论依据。方法将36根新鲜成年猪后蹄Ⅱ区屈肌腱随机分成4组,分别用连续周边缝合(Running)、Cross-stitch、Halsted及一种新型肌腱周边缝合方法进行修复。将缝合好的肌腱等速拉伸至完全断裂,并用材料力学测定仪(Instron4411)测定2-mm间隙形成负荷、最大负荷,计算断裂功耗。结果新型肌腱周边缝合法的2-mm间隙形成负荷为(53.2±6.0)N、最大负荷为(68.8±6.9)N、刚度为(6.6±0.7)N/mm,为各组中最高;断裂功耗为(0.784±0.075)J与Halsted法相近,高于Cross-stitch及Running法。结论该新型肌腱周边缝合法的生物力学强度高于目前临床应用的Running、Cross-stitch、Hal-sted法,能提供较大的抗张强度、有效抵御间隙形成、操作简便,有利于肌腱早期主被动功能锻炼。     

改良津下缝合法即刻生物力学实验和在动物模型中的应用

目的比较津下缝合法改良前后在肌腱修复后的即刻生物力学特征,研究肌腱修复后的局部病理学变化及其变化规律。方法将80只成年三黄鸡右足第3趾Ⅱ区建立趾深屈肌腱横断模型,随机分为4组,每组20只。将A1组(采用津下缝合法)、A2组(采用改良津下缝合法)修复好的肌腱等速拉伸至完全断裂,并用电子万能试验机测定2 mm间隙形成负荷、极限载荷、韧度、最大断裂应力。将B1组(采用津下缝合法)、B2组(采用改良津下缝合法)修复好的肌腱石膏固定4周,处死动物后获取标本,记录缝合时间、观察肌腱粘连度、进行羟脯氨酸含量和Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的测定。结果 (1) 2 mm间隙形成负荷、极限载荷、最大断裂应力A1组与A2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。韧度A1、A2组比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。A1组的切割发生率为10%,缝线断裂部位是最后打结处的单线; A2组的切割发生率为0,缝线断裂部位是"+"形状的缝线。(2) B1、B2组缝合时间比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。B1组吻合端瘢痕较B2组明显; B1、B2组腱周粘连度分级比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。羟脯氨酸含量、每高倍镜视野下Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原所占的百分比B1、B2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论改良津下缝合法是一种可靠的肌腱修复方法。     

肌腱斜形损伤修复强度的研究

目的　研究斜形损伤对肌腱修复抗张强度的影响。方法　根据猪后蹄跖深屈肌腱切断的方向 (横形、斜形 )、缝合方法 (改良Kessler法、Cruciate法、MGH法 )及缝合方向 (横形、斜形 ) ,将 81根肌腱分为 9组 ,每组 9根。检测缝合后肌腱 2mm间隙形成的负荷、最大抗张强度、最大功耗。采用ANOVA进行统计分析。结果　斜形损伤后用Kessler法、Cruciate法作横形缝合时 ,其抗张强度显著小于横形损伤的修复强度 (P <0 .0 5 )。选用斜形缝合修复斜形损伤后 ,两者抗张强度均较横形缝合增大 (P <0 .0 5 )。斜形损伤用MGH法缝合对抗张强度的影响不显著。结论　肌腱斜形损伤后采用Kessler法和Cruciate法作斜形缝合 ,可明显提高修复后的抗张强度。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.