北京郊县育龄妇女碘普查分析

目的 了解北京郊县育龄妇女碘营养状况,为政府防治碘缺乏病提供信息.方法 采用尿碘快速检验法(北京市统一检测方法),对20～ 40岁的育龄妇女221人,收集尿液进行尿样碘快速检验.结果 育龄妇女尿碘中位数为191.4μg/L,尿碘＜100 μg/L的占15.4％；尿碘＞300μg/L的占24.4％.不同年龄育龄妇女尿碘水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 育龄妇女尿碘水平适宜,群体育龄妇女的碘营养状况良好.     

2014年某市学龄儿童尿碘检测结果的分析

目的对2014年盘锦市学龄儿童尿碘检测结果进行分析。方法随机抽取盘锦市16所小学319例8~10岁学龄儿童尿样,其中,男儿童151例,女儿童168例,测定其尿样中的碘含量,并且对其进行分析。结果农村学龄儿童尿碘中位数为217.1μg/L,城市学龄儿童尿碘均数为180.9μg/L,农村高于城市。结论 2014年盘锦市大部分学龄儿童的尿碘含量属于中位数,已经达到了我国的《碘缺乏病消除标准》;部分学龄儿童的尿碘含量≥300μg/L,属于碘过量的情况。其比较结果差异显著(P<0.05),具有明显的统计学意义。     

2020年景德镇市碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的 为及时掌握景德镇市碘缺乏病病情及人群碘营养状况,为科学调整碘缺乏病防控策略提供依据。方法 根据《全国碘缺乏病监测方案（2016版）》要求,2020年在江西省景德镇市4个县（市、区,以下简称县）进行碘缺乏病监测。每个监测县按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区,每个片区各抽取1个乡镇/街道,每个乡镇/街道抽取1所小学,每所小学抽取8～10岁非寄宿学生40人,采用B超法检测学生甲状腺肿大情况。同时每个乡镇/街道中各抽取20名孕妇,学生和孕妇均采集1次随机尿样和家中食用盐样,检测尿碘和盐碘含量。结果 4个县共对600名8～10岁学生进行甲状腺B超检测,共检出甲状腺肿大人数5例,甲状腺肿大率为0.83%(5/600)。共采集8～10岁学生尿样801份,尿碘中位数为172.56μg/L,不同地区学生尿碘含量比较差异有统计学意义（H=20.818,P<0.05）。共采集400名孕妇尿样,尿碘中位数为188.10μg/L,尿碘中位数<150μg/L的县有1个,不同地区孕妇尿碘含量比较差异有统计学意义（H=30.238,P<0.05）。分别检测801份学生与400份孕妇家中盐样,...     

碘缺乏病儿童尿碘监测分析

目的:评价实现消除碘缺乏病阶段目标后,学龄儿童体内的碘营养状况,为学龄儿童是否需要补碘、如何补碘提供科学依据.方法:检测学龄儿童尿碘及甲状腺形态.结果:学龄儿童尿碘中位数为284.49 μg/L,大于100 μg/L的人数占90％.结论:居民碘营养水平逐步趋于合理,8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率逐步下降.     

承德地区女性妊娠早、中期碘营养状况及与甲状腺功能的相关性

目的 研究承德地区女性妊娠早、中期碘营水平,并进一步探索碘的营养状况与甲状腺功能之间的关系,为承德地区女性妊娠期间科学补碘提供理论依据.方法 选取承德地区女性妊娠早期121例、中期144例,测定其尿碘及血促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(Tg-Ab)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPO-Ab)的水平.结果 承德地区女性妊娠早期尿碘中位数为141.00 g/L,为轻度碘缺乏;承德地区女性妊娠中期尿碘中位数为148.70 g/L,为轻度碘缺乏.碘缺乏孕妇组与碘适宜组孕妇对比其甲状腺功能异常患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);碘超适宜组孕妇组与碘适宜组孕妇对比其甲状腺功能异常患病率差异有统计学意(P<0.05);碘缺乏孕妇组与碘超适宜组孕妇对比其甲状腺功能异常患病率差异无统计学意(P>0.05).尿碘水平异常组甲状腺功能异常总患病率为36.00%,尿碘水平适宜组甲状腺功能异常总患病率为15.80%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中低T4血症的患病率,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 承德地区女性妊娠早、中期均有50%以上存在碘缺乏,早期比中期缺乏更明显;女性在妊娠期间尿碘水平异常,其甲状腺功能异常总患病率明显增高,碘不适宜组低T4血症的发病率增加.     

某市居民碘营养状况的调查分析

目的调查了解居民碘营养状况,为有效落实科学补碘防控策略提供依据。方法《辽宁省沿海地区居民碘营养状况实施方案》确定了开原市是辽宁省沿海地区碘营养调查的内陆县对照点之一。按照"方案"要求调查居民盐碘及摄入量、饮用水水碘、不同人群尿碘和新生儿TSH水平。结果共调查30份居民食用盐,盐碘中位数为25.4μg/L,碘盐合格率是96.55%,合格碘盐食用率93.33%。查30户居民家水样,水碘中位数为1.4μg/L。对不同人群140例每人采日间随机尿样一份其中成人30份、孕妇和哺乳期妇女60份,8¹0岁儿童50份,其尿碘中位数分别是177.1μg/L、221.2μg/L、224.2μg/L。结论儿童碘营养水平略高于适宜水平;成人、孕妇和哺乳期妇女的碘营养水平均在适宜范围。     

驻马店市8～10岁儿童尿碘监测结果分析

目的了解驻马店市8～10岁儿童碘营养状况,为今后碘缺乏病防治工作提供科学依据。方法于2009年对驻马店市九县一区IDD监测中的50所小学8～10岁学生采集1020份尿样,用过硫酸铵-砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘并分析。结果共检测1020名小学生（其中有2个尿少,2个无尿）,尿碘中位数为295.74μg/L,〈50μg/L以下的样本有13份（1.27%）,100～300μg/L有462份（45.29%）,〉300μg/L的样本有491份（48.14%）。结论根据2009年尿碘监测结果 ,目前驻马店市人群碘摄入量可以满足机体需要,机体碘营养状况基本良好,但一些县区儿童尿碘中位数偏高,建议碘盐的质量浓度还应做适当的调整,以真正达到科学补碘的目的 。     

广州市海珠区成人尿碘的检查分析

目的了解广州海珠区成人居民尿碘排泄量及性别、年龄对尿碘排泄量的影响.方法本实验采用砷一铈接触比色法测定广州市海珠区成人居民1226人份尿碘排泄量.结果 1226人尿碘值(-x±SD)为269±1 50 μ g/g Creatinine,全距44 μ g/g Creatinine～1150 μ g/g Creatinine,按性别分男、女两组,尿碘排泄量分别为258±146 μ g/g Creatinine、272±145 μ g/g Creatinine,经非参数两个样本秩和检验,P＞0.05,无显著性差异;按年龄分三组18～30岁、30～50岁、＞50岁;尿碘排泄量分别为242±129 μ g/g Creatinine、262±123μ g/g Creatinine、301±201 μ g/g Creatinine,经多个样本间的秩和检验,P＜0.05,存在显著性差异;再经三个样本间两两比较,＞50岁组与其它两组比较,P＜0.05,有显著性差异,其它两组间比较,P＞0.05,无显著性差异.结论性别差异不影响尿碘排泄量,年龄是影响尿碘排泄量的因素;老年人尿碘排泄量高;广州市海珠区97%被检人群尿碘排泄量＞50 μ g/g Creatinine,说明海珠区成为非碘缺乏人群.     

新碘盐标准实施后儿童碘营养状况调查分析

我国于2000年10月将食盐含碘标准下调为(35±15)mg/kg,为了解新碘盐标准实施后白城市儿童碘营养状况,将1999、2006年两次监测结果报告如下。1资料与方法1·1调查对象采取人口比例概率抽样PPS法,在白城市10所小学随机抽取8～10岁儿童1420名,测定甲状腺大小和家中食盐碘含量,并从中随机抽取部分儿童测定尿碘。1·2调查指标甲状腺肿大率、尿碘水平、碘盐含量。1·3检测方法①甲状腺检测:用B超法;②尿碘测定:采用尿中碘过硫酸铵消化-砷铈催化分光光度测定方法;③盐碘测定:直接滴定法[1]。1·4评价标准①根据GB16398-1996《儿童少年甲状腺容积…     

贵州省儿童碘营养水平调查

目的 了解贵州省儿童营养状况,以评价碘盐防治效果。方法 全省随机抽取５４所小学,检查８￣１０岁在校儿童的甲状腺,采用触诊法检查１,９８２人,测定被检县盐库盐样７４份,学校附近零售点盐样１１１份,测定被检儿童尿碘１,７５２人,并对１,６４４名儿童进行碘缺乏病知识测试。结果８￣１０岁校儿童甲肿率为１５．１％,盐库碘盐合格率９３．２％,零售点碘盐合格率９１％,尿碘盐合格率９１％,尿碘中位数３７０．４μｇ     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.