Incidence,Cost, and Risk Factors for Readmission After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

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Risk Factors for Graft Occlusion after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

A cohort of 610 well-characterized patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were followed through the first postoperative year. Graft patency was angiographically assessed in 578 (94.8%) of the patients on average 12.1 (SD 1.5) months postoperatively and was related to characteristics of grafts and patients. For internal mammary artery grafts the incidence of graft occlusion was higher in women than in men and was inversely related to body surface area. In multivariate analysis the influence of gender was no longer significant when adjusted for body surface area. With vein grafts the incidence of occlusion was inversely related to body surface area and was positively associated with ejection fraction. Occlusion of vein grafts was less common in patients treated with beta-blockers pre-and peroperatively.     

Factors Influencing Mortality After Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Failed Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Background. Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting after failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is associated with increased mortality.

Methods. From 1981 through 1995, 117 patients at our institution underwent emergency coronary artery bypass grafting after failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 13.6%. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the factors that influenced the risk of death.

Results. Univariate analysis revealed that patients who died more often were women and had chronic renal failure, lower ejection fractions, and more diffuse coronary artery disease; less often received an internal mammary artery graft or an antegrade perfusion catheter; required inotropic support in the cardiac catheterization laboratory; and experienced myocardial infarction. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the need for inotropic support in the cardiac catheterization laboratory was the best predictor of perioperative death.

Conclusions. Patients with a reduced ejection fraction in whom percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty fails, antegrade perfusion does not produce a response, and myocardial infarction occurs are more likely to die after coronary artery bypass grafting. The risk appears to be highest for patients who require inotropic support in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.     

Incidence,Risk Factors,and Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication after coronary artery bypass grafting and is closely associated with high mortality. The objective of the present study was to identify the incidence and risk factors for AKI after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) and to construct a risk model for prediction of AKI after OPCAB.?Methods:?We retrospectively studied 448 adult patients who underwent isolated OPCAB between April 2006 and July 2007. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dL or 50% within 48 h after surgery. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate risk factors for AKI after OPCAB and a risk model was developed with a weighted score based on the odds ratio.?Results:?The incidence of AKI was 7.6% (n?=?34). Most patients (97%) had mild AKI. Independent preoperative risk factors of postoperative AKI were identified as high systolic blood pressure, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and coronary angiography (CAG) less than 7 days prior to OPCAB. The incidence of AKI across each increasing score level increased from 2.2% to 60%.?Conclusion:?AKI after OPCAB was common. High systolic blood pressure, renal dysfunction, and CAG less than 7 days prior to cardiac surgery were associated with AKI after OPCAB. Our risk model may provide information to clinicians and patients about the risk of postoperative AKI.     

Risk Factors for Sepsis and Endocarditis and Long-Term Survival Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

We sought to determine risk factors for sepsis and/or endocarditis (S/E) and to identify their impact on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We studied 3760 consecutive patients who underwent isolated CABG from 1992 to 2002. Patients with CABG without S/E were compared with those who developed S/E. Long-term survival data (mean follow-up 5.2 years) were obtained from the National Death Index. Groups were compared by Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier survival plots. The propensity for S/E was determined by logistic regression analysis and each patient with S/E was matched to one patient without S/E. Thirty-six patients (0.96%) developed S/E. Independent predictors for S/E were increased age (odds ratio [OR] 1.05 per year, 95% Confidence interval [95% CI] 1.00–1.09; p = 0.040) and the development of other major complications after CABG such as deep sternal wound infection (OR 30.80, 95% CI 9.50–99.82; p < 0.001), gastrointestinal complications (OR 19.48, 95% CI 7.14–53.18; p < 0.001), renal failure (OR 15.18, 95% CI 4.42–52.06; p < 0.001), intraoperative stroke (OR 13.11, 95% CI 4.81–35.69; p < 0.001) and respiratory failure (OR 12.95, 95% CI 5.69–29.45; p < 0.001). After adjustment for pre-, intra- and postoperative factors, the adjusted hazard ratio of long-term mortality for patients with S/E was 3.33 (95% CI 2.17–5.10; p < 0.001). There was no difference in 30-day mortality between matched groups (25.0% vs. 19.4% in patients without S/E, p = 0.778), however patients without S/E had better 5-year survival rate (52.7 ± 8.7% vs. 16.2 ± 6.2%; p = 0.0004). We have identified risk factors for S/E following CABG and we found that there was increased mortality in patients with S/E during a 10-year follow-up period.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后移植血管狭窄的危险因素分析

目的探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术（cABG）后移植血管狭窄的危险因素,为临床CABG术后移植血管狭窄的防治提供依据。方法回顾性分析1999年1月至2007年12月间197例cABG术后行选择性血管造影患者的临床资料,CABG术后按选择性血管造影检查是否有移植血管狭窄,将197例患者分为两组,狭窄组（n=87）,非狭窄组（n=110）。采用t检验、Χ^2检验和多因素logistic回归分析影响移植血管狭窄的危险因素。结果狭窄组的87例患者血管造影显示存在不同程度的移植血管狭窄,累及吻合口321处,其中远端吻合口305处,近端吻合口16处。单因素分析结果表明,合并糖尿病、血脂异常、远端吻合口吻合于右冠状动脉系统、靶血管狭窄〈70%、靶血管管径〈1．5mm、应用大隐静脉桥和非体外循环CABG等因素与CABG术后移植血管狭窄有关。logistic回归分析结果发现：糖尿病（OR=3．654）、血脂异常（OR=2．625）、靶血管狭窄〈70％（OR=1．763）、靶血管管径〈1．5mm（OR=1．337）、远端吻合口位于右冠状动脉系统（OR=1．694）和大隐静脉桥（OR=1．652）是CABG术后移植血管狭窄的独立危险因素。结论糖尿病、血脂异常、靶血管狭窄〈70％、靶血管管径〈1．5mm、远端吻合口位于右冠状动脉系统和大隐静脉桥是CABG术后移植血管狭窄的危险因素。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后并发症的监护

冠状动脉旁路移植术后116例患者中,31例发生并发症,发生率26.7%,包括心律失常、低心排血量、胸骨裂开或胸骨后感染、肺部感染、切口感染、神经系统障碍.经过严密的监护及护理,112例好转出院,4例死于低心排血量.提出术后加强病情观察和监护是防治并发症,促进患者康复的重要措施.     

体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后肾损害的危险因素分析

目的 探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump CABG)或体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(on-pump CABG)患者术后肾损害的危险因素,旨在为术后提供较好的肾保护措施.方法 对自1990年1月至2006年8月收治的849例单纯行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.采用单因素和logistic多因素分析术后急性肾损害(AKI)的风险因素.结果 off-pump CABG患者中发生AKI 61例(11.8%,61/518),on-pump CABG患者中发生AKI 63例(19.0%,63/331).行off-pump CABG患者的血清肌酐(Scr)峰值时间为术后12h,on-pump CABG患者为术后24h;off-pump CABG术后有AKI患者Scr快速恢复期为24～48h, on-pump CABG术后有AKI患者为48～72h.logistic回归多因素分析结果显示:大体重指数(OR=1.190,1.179)、急诊手术(OR=2.737,3.678)、合并糖尿病(OR=1.705,2.042)、外周血管疾病(OR=2.002,2.559)、射血分数≤30%(OR=2.267,4.606)和心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级(OR=1.861,1.957)为off-pump CABG和on-pump CABG患者术后发生AKI的独立风险因素;脉压差≥60mmHg、冠状动脉3支病变为off-pump CABG患者术后发生AKI的独立风险因素;而术中和术后使用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)对行on-pump CABG患者术后肾功能具有保护作用(OR=0.146),可减少AKI发生的可能.结论 对AKI预防和治疗的关键期为麻醉至off-pump CABG术后48h和on-pump CABG术后72h.AKI是病情发展的重要阶段,肾功能检测阳性结果提示可能有肾损害存在,并通过有效的措施和治疗方法阻止肾功能进一步恶化,使肾功能逆转.     

非体外循环辅助下冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 总结非体外循环辅助下冠状动脉旁路移植术（Ｏｆｆ－ｐｕｍｐ ｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙ ａｒｔｅｒｙ ｂｙｐａｓｓ ｇｒａｆｔｉｎｇ,ＯＰＣＡＢ）的临床经验。方法 自１９９９年８月￣２０００年６月,我们行ＯＰＣＡＢ７３例。在进行旁路移植吻合时,冠状动脉的暴露和制动借助Ｏｃｔｏｐｕｓ机械制动器以及冠状动脉腔内空心通条。结果 无手术死亡,无围手术期心肌梗死等严重并发症发生;术后短期随访结果显示临床效果满意。结论 ＯＰＣＡＢ可作为冠状动脉旁路移植的手术方法之一,但手术操作时要求较高的技术水平,其远期疗效尚待探讨。