辛伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠的降压作用

目的 研究辛伐他汀对自发性高血压的降压作用.方法 将雄性SD大鼠60只随机分为正常对照组、复合喂养组和辛伐他汀治疗组,各20只,给予区别饲养后,观察其血压、心率、血脂与血管重构情况.结果 各组血压对比均有明显差异（P＜0.05）.复合喂养组的心率明显高于辛伐他汀组与正常对照组（P＜0.05）,辛伐他汀组心率与正常对照组比较,无明显差异（P＞0.05）.复合喂养组的总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平较其他两组有明显升高（P＜0.05）,但辛伐他汀组心率与正常对照组比较,无明显差异（P＞0.05）.各组中膜厚度对比都有明显差异（P＜0.05）,复合喂养组的血管内膜面积与总面积的比值明显缩小（P＜0.05）.结论 辛伐他汀不但具有调脂与降血压作用,而且对大鼠主动重构有明显抑制作用,从而影响动脉血管重构和粥样硬化过程.     

玉郎伞化学成分对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响

目的:研究从玉郎伞块根分离得到的黄酮、皂苷和多糖对大鼠血压的影响,筛选出降压活性成分。方法:用BL-420生物信号分析系统测定麻醉大鼠颈动脉压和用ALC-NIBP无创尾动脉压测量分析系测定清醒大鼠尾动脉压,观察玉郎伞黄酮、皂苷和多糖对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和W istar大鼠血压的影响。结果:静脉注射玉郎伞黄酮和皂苷均能明显降低SHR s和正常W istar大鼠的血压,灌胃给药也能明显降低SHR s的血压,而且降压作用较持久。结论:玉郎伞黄酮和皂苷是玉郎伞中主要的降压活性成分,对正常SHR s和W istar大鼠均有明显的降压作用。     

硝苯地平贴片对自发性高血压大鼠血压的作用

以硝苯地平片为对照,研究了硝苯地平贴片对片发性高血压大鼠的降压作用结果表明：Ⅰ能显著降低ＳＨＲ的收缩压,舒张压和平均动脉压,作用强度与剂量呈正相关。高剂量皮肤给药６０ｍｉｎ后,ＳＢＰ,ＤＢＰ,ＭＡＰ分别降低１４．８０％,１６．６４５和１５．９９％,至２４０ｍｉｎ时,ＳＢＰ,ＤＢＰ,ＭＡＰ分别降低一３２．４７％,４１．２９％和３５．０２％。     

重组降血压肽缓释微球对自发性高血压大鼠的降压作用

目的考察重组降血压肽聚乳酸(rAHP-PLA)缓释微球对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用。方法采用口服和皮下注射两种给药方式,分别给予按体质量和血压均衡分组的自发性高血压大鼠rAHP-PLA缓释微球,空白组给予等量生理盐水。结果口服给予降血压肽缓释微球后10 h,自发性高血压大鼠的血压降至最低,且药效可以持续36 h;皮下注射rAHP-PLA缓释微球后30 h,血压降至最低,且可以持续约9 d。rAHP-PLA缓释微球对正常血压无影响。结论 rAHP-PLA缓释微球具有显著的降压效果,并有明显的缓释作用。     

芥子碱氯化盐的制备及其对自发性高血压大鼠的降压作用

目的利用菜籽粕制备芥子碱氯化盐,探讨其对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneous hypertension rat,SHR)的降压作用。方法菜籽粕经水提法制备芥子碱硫氰酸盐,用氯型717阴离子交换树脂转换为芥子碱氯化盐,并通过理化性质和波谱数据对其进行结构鉴定。对随机分组的SHR大鼠连续给药28 d,间隔4 d测定其收缩压、舒张压、平均脉压和心率。结果采用1H-NMR、13C-NMR和IR法鉴定芥子碱硫氰酸盐与芥子碱氯化盐,HPLC归一化法测定芥子碱氯化盐纯度质量分数达99%。芥子碱氯化盐能显著降低SHR大鼠的收缩压、舒张压和平均脉压(P<0.05～0.01),但对心率无明显影响。结论该制备工艺简单,所得产品纯度高,对SHR大鼠降压作用显著,具备较好的药物开发前景。     

富马酸左旋氨氯地平对大鼠自发性高血压的降压作用

目的探讨富马酸左旋氨氯地平对自发性高血压大鼠的血压影响。方法将自发性高血压大鼠随机分为试验组和对照组,分别给予富马酸左旋氨氯地平或氨氯地平1,2,4mg／kg,观察给药前和给药后大鼠的血压变化。结果与对照组比较,试验组大鼠的血压显著降低（P〈0．01）,且呈较好的剂量一效应关系。结论富马酸左旋氨氯地平对自发性高血压大鼠的血压有明显降低的作用。     

缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏核因子-κB蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)肾组织NF-κB原位表达变化以及AT1受体阻断剂缬沙坦对其的影响。方法:16只SHR随机分成SHR组和SHR加缬沙坦药物干预组(1 mg.kg-1.d-1),另8只WKY大鼠为正常对照组。分别在实验第2、4、6、8周末测定大鼠尾动脉收缩压(SBP);实验结束取各组大鼠血浆测定血浆中肾素、血管紧张素II(AngII)水平;取出各组大鼠两侧肾脏组织,分别运用免疫组化原位测定肾组织中NF-κB蛋白表达,并进行半定量分析。结果:SHR组SBP和血浆中肾素活性以及AngII水平与WKY大鼠相比显著增高,缬沙坦治疗组SBP显著降低,但血浆中肾素活性以及AngII水平明显高于SHR组和WKY组。在蛋白水平,WKY组大鼠肾组织中NF-κB表达较低,SHR组肾小球和肾小管中NF-κB高度表达;使用缬沙坦干预后,NF-κB表达显著降低。结论:在蛋白水平对NF-κB表达的调控可能参与缬沙坦的降血压效应和肾保护作用。     

几种降压药对自发性高血压大鼠微循环的影响

在自发性高血压大鼠中进行实验，将动物分为三组，分别以氨酰心安，疏甲丙脯氨酸及吲达帕胺治疗。另取一组未经治疗的ＳＨＲ和一组正常血压的ＷＫＹ大鼠作对照。实验１２周后检查，所有降压药治疗的三组ＳＨＲ，血压均降到正常范围；但是睾２肌微循环却显示不高的变化。     

基于体内外抗氧化作用的菊花对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响

目的 研究菊花对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压的影响和体内外的抗氧化活性。方法 将SHR随机分为模型组、对照组和低、高剂量实验组,每组10只;另取10只WKY大鼠为空白组。高、低剂量组分别灌胃给予2.10和0.525 g·kg^-1菊花提取物;对照组灌胃给予5.25 mg·kg^-1氯沙坦;空白组和模型组均灌胃给予相同体积的0.9%NaCl溶液。5组大鼠每天灌胃给药1次,连续灌胃8周。观察各组大鼠收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)的变化,用试剂盒比色法测定血清中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,用1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)法和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)法测定菊花提取物对体外自由基的清除率。结果 空白组、模型组、对照组和高、低剂量实验组大鼠的SBP分别为(132.00±2.45)、(204.00±4.55)、(171.00±2.16)、(181.00±3.74)和(184.67±4.78)mmHg, DBP分别为(73.33±4.03)...     

平肝降压汤对大鼠正常血压的影响

实验以天麻钩藤饮为对照药，观察了平肝降压汤对大鼠正常血压的影响。实验结果表明，给药后１０分钟大鼠血压开始下降至２４０分钟降压作用仍非常显著，给药前与给药后相比较，血压降低幅芳在统计学上具有极显著差异。平肝降压汤与天麻钩藤饮相比较具有起效快，作用强且持久的特点。     

Hybrid proteins of Cobra Venom Factor and cobra C3: Tools to identify functionally important regions in Cobra Venom Factor

Cobra Venom Factor (CVF) is the complement-activating protein in cobra venom. CVF is structurally and functionally highly homologous to complement component C3. CVF, like C3b, the activated form of C3, forms a bimolecular complex with Factor B in serum, called C3/C5 convertase, an enzyme which activates complement components C3 and C5. Despite the high degree of homology, the two C3/C5 convertases exhibit significant functional differences. The most important difference is that the convertase formed with CVF (CVF,Bb) is physico-chemically far more stable than the convertase formed with C3b (C3b,Bb). In addition, the CVF,Bb convertase and CVF are completely resistant to inactivation by the complement regulatory proteins Factor H and Factor I. Furthermore, the CVF,Bb enzyme shows efficient C5-cleaving activity in fluid phase. In contrast, the C3b,Bb enzyme is essentially devoid of fluid-phase C5-cleaving activity. By taking advantage of the high degree of sequence identity at both the amino acid (85%) and DNA levels (93%) between CVF and cobra C3, we created hybrid proteins of CVF and cobra C3 where sections, or only a few amino acids, of the CVF sequence were replaced with the homologous amino acid sequence of cobra C3. In a first set of experiments, we created five hybrid proteins, termed H1 through H5, where the cobra C3 substitutions collectively spanned the entire length of the CVF protein. We also created three additional hybrid proteins where only four or five amino acid residues in CVF were exchanged with the corresponding amino acid residues from cobra C3. Collectively, these hybrid proteins, representing loss-of-function mutants of CVF, allowed the identification of regions and individual amino acid residues important for the CVF-specific functions. The results include the observation that the CVF β-chain is crucially important for forming a stable convertase, whereas the CVF α-chain appears to harbor no CVF-specific functions. Furthermore, the CVF γ-chain is additionally important for the fluid-phase C5-cleaving activity of CVF,Bb. Interestingly, the structural changes in the individual hybrid proteins differentially affected the molecular functions of the CVF,Bb enzyme such as convertase formation, C3 cleavage, and C5 cleavage.     

Effects of African Mistletoe Extract on Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

African Mistletoe, Loranthus bengwensis L. (Loranthaceae) is known in folk medicine for its therapeutic values. To explore the possible antihypertensive effect of this plant, normotensive (NWR) and spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) rats were orally dosed with the aqueous extract (1.32 g/kg per day) or an equal volume of saline for 8 days. A significant reduction in the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in both NWR (P&lt;0.01) and SHR (P&lt;0.001) was obtained. This does not affect the respiratory rate or the urinary flow rate but a significant reduction of the serum total cholesterol (P&lt;0.05) was obtained on days 6, 7, and 8. This result confirms that African Mistletoe has a reducing effect on the blood pressure and thus could be a useful antihypertensive agent. This study provides the first indication that the plant may have activity which lowers blood pressure suggesting the need for further investigation of African Mistletoe as an antihypertensive agent.     

眼镜蛇毒中神经再生因子和神经毒素的分离

本研究采用Sephadex G-100柱层析,用中性Tris-HCl缓冲液洗脱,分离眼镜蛇全毒.结果不仅有效地分离出神经再生因子和神经毒素,而且保持了各自的生物活性.     

通心络对高血压大鼠血管内皮功能的影响

目的　观察自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)用通心络治疗后 ,血清内皮素 (ET)和一氧化氮 (NO)浓度变化 ,探讨通心络对血管内皮功能的影响。方法　 2 4只 12周龄雄性 SHR大鼠分成 3组 ,每组 8只 ,分别为空白对照组、通心络小剂量组 (0 .5 g·kg- 1· d- 1 )、大剂量组 (lg· kg- 1· d- 1 ) ,年龄、性别配对的正常雄性 WKY大鼠作对照组。各给药组均采用灌胃给药 ,对照组给予等量蒸馏水 ,治疗 16周 ,断头取血。放免法测定血清 ET水平 ,NO浓度采用硝酸还原酶法测定。结果小剂量 (0 .5 g· kg- 1 · d- 1 )治疗组 SHR血清 ET浓度较未治疗组 SHR降低 (335 .78±91.81vs4 4 5 .5 2± 4 4 .0 6 ,p<0 .0 5 ) ,大剂量 (lg· kg- 1 ·d- 1 )治疗组 SHR血清 ET浓度较未治疗组 SHR明显降低(2 34.11± 95 .4 1vs4 4 5 .5 2± 4 4 .0 6 ,p<0 .0 1)。小剂量 (0 .5 g· kg- 1·d- 1 )治疗组 SHR血清 NO浓度较未治疗组 SHR升高 (5 5 .5 1± 2 6 .77vs 2 9.0 8± 8.2 6 ,p<0 .0 5 ) ,大剂量 (1g· kg- 1 · d- 1 )治疗组 SHR血清 NO浓度较未治疗组 SHR显著升高 (81.92± 2 8.88vs 2 9.0 8± 8.2 6 ,p<0 .0 1)。结论　通心络治疗 ,能有效降低 SHR血清 ET水平 ,增加血清NO浓度 ,提示可能具有改善血管内皮功能作用     

血脂康联合降压治疗对动态血压及血压变异性的影响

目的观察调脂联合降压治疗对动态血压及血压变异性(blood pressure variability,BPV)的影响。方法 110例诊断为高血压病的患者随机分为单纯降压组和调脂降压治疗组,调脂降压治疗组在降压基础上加用血脂康600 mg,2次/d,所有患者均于治疗前及治疗6个月后行血脂及动态血压检查,记录24h平均收缩压(24hSBP)及24h平均舒张压(24hDBP),计算均数标准差(24hSBPV、24hDBPV)和24h动态脉压(24hPP),比较两组患者治疗前后血脂及动态血压值及其稳定性的变化。结果 6个月后两组血压控制良好,PP及SBPV均降低(P<0.05);调脂降压治疗组血脂水平明显降低(P<0.01),PP低于单纯降压组(P<0.05),调脂降压治疗组SBPV较单纯降压组降低(24hSBPVP<0.05)。结论降压治疗能降低PP和SBPV,应用血脂康协同降压治疗能进一步降低血压的PP和SBPV。     

枸橼酸坦度螺酮对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响及机制研究

目的:研究枸橼酸坦度螺酮(TC)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压的影响及机制。方法:将SHR随机分为模型组、阳性对照组(苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片,2.5 mg/kg)和TC高、中、低剂量组(TC胶囊,40、20、10 mg/kg),每组8只,另设8只正常大鼠为正常对照组,每天ig药物1次,连续28 d。测量各组大鼠首次给药前及给药后0.5、1、1.5、2、3、4 h的收缩压(SBP),另每给药7 d测量1次1 h的SBP;末次给药后检测血清中一氧化氮(NO)含量,血浆中内皮素、肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量。结果:单次给药时,与模型组比较,阳性对照组和TC各剂量组SHR首次给药后0.5、1 h时的SBP均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),之后仅阳性对照组和TC高剂量组的SBP明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);多次给药时,与模型组比较,阳性对照组和TC高、中剂量组SHR给药第7、14、28天的SBP均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组比较,阳性对照组和TC高剂量组SHR血清中NO含量明显升高,血浆中内皮素、肾素、AngⅡ和NE含量均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与阳性对照组比较,TC各剂量组SHR血清中NO含量明显降低,TC中剂量组SHR血浆中内皮素含量明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:TC可明显降低SHR血压,其机制可能与调节NO和内皮素释放平衡,降低肾素、AngⅡ及NE含量有关。     

Effects of Concentrated Ambient Particles on Heart Rate,Blood Pressure,and Cardiac Contractility in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Epidemiological studies have shown that particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, especially for particles with aerodynamic diameters under 2.5 μm (PM_2.5). Recent studies have revealed an association between PM pollution and autonomic functions including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and heart-rate variability. However, the association and linking mechanisms have not been clearly demonstrated in animal studies. Utilizing a novel approach that employs a mixed-effects model to overcome the problems of variations in diseased animals and circadian cycles, we have previously demonstrated an association between concentrated PM_2.5 and changes of HR and BP in pulmonary hypertensive rats. The objective of this study is to test the plausibility of this methodology and to demonstrate the particle effects under different pathophysiology. The feasibility of cardiac contractility (measured as QA interval, QAI) as an indicator for PM toxicology was also explored. Four spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were repeatedly exposed to concentrated PM_2.5 during spring and summer. The mass concentration of particles during the 5 h of exposure was 202.0 ± 68.8 (mean ± SE) and 141.0 ± 54.9 μg/m³ for spring and summer experiments, respectively. During spring exposures, the maximum increase of HR and mean BP noted at the end of exposure were 51.6 bpm (p < .001) and 8.7 mm Hg (p = .002), respectively. The maximum decrease of QAI noted at the same time was 1.6 ms (p = .001). Though a similar pattern was demonstrated during summer exposures, the responses were less prominent. We conclude that concentrated PM_2.5 may increase HR and mean BP and decrease QAI in SH rats. Our results also show that QAI may be used as an indicator in PM toxicology.     

天麻芎苓止眩片对自发性高血压大鼠血压及血管重塑的影响

目的探讨天麻芎苓止眩片(Tianma Xiongling Zhixuan tablet,TXZT)对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR)的降压作用和改善血管重塑作用。方法采用SHR大鼠和正常WKY大鼠进行实验,连续给药4周,比较每周各组大鼠血压值;ELISA法检测血清中eNOS、ET-1、TXA2、AngⅡ的含量变化;HE染色法观察大鼠主动脉的病理变化;免疫组化和Western blotting测定主动脉MMP-2、TIMP-2蛋白表达;RT-PCR测定主动脉MMP-2、TIMP-2 mRNA表达。结果与模型组比较,给药第1~4周,TXZT具有显著的降血压药理作用(P<0.01或P<0.05)。与模型组相比,TXZT能够有效降低SHR大鼠血清ET-1、TXA2、AngⅡ的水平,升高eNOS的水平(P<0.01或P<0.05);且能够明显改善血管病理变化。免疫组化和Western blotting结果显示,与模型组相比,TXZT能显著减弱MMP-2表达、降低MMP-2/TIMP-2比值(P<0.01或P<0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示,经TXZT治疗后大鼠血管MMP-2的mRNA表达下降,TIMP-2的mRNA表达上升,MMP-2/TIMP-2比值降低(P<0.05)。结论 TXZT具有显著的降压和改善血管内皮功能作用,调节MMP-2/TIMP-2蛋白表达是其调节SHR大鼠血管重塑作用机制之一。     

中华眼镜蛇蛇毒神经生长因子在大鼠体内分布的研究

中华眼镜蛇蛇毒神经生长因子经125I标记后从大鼠舌静脉注入，2h后观察其在体内的分布。结果显示：主要分布在肾、肺、肝等脏器及周围神经，脑、喷球及脊髓的含量几乎为零。肾组织含量最高，占72％，说明代谢物主要经肾组织从尿中排除。