肺癌楔（段）形切除和肺叶切除

本文介绍我院用肺楔（段）形切除治疗肺癌９２例的情况，和同期肺叶切除对比，合并症少，安全度高，在相同条件下（分期、病理和年龄），术后５年自下而上无显著差异。提示肺楔（段）形切除治疗肺癌与肺叶切除具有同样的生存效果。认为凡有肺楔（段）形切除条件者，应考虑此种术式，并提示适应症和手术方法。     

I期肺腺癌VATS肺叶切除与亚肺叶切除预后比较

背景与目的美国国立综合癌症网络（National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN）指南推荐,大部分可手术切除的肺癌首选电视辅助胸腔镜手术（video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, VATS）解剖性肺叶切除。而研究证实肺段切除I期肺癌对肺功能的保护优于肺叶切除。目前,临床上对I期肺腺癌VATS亚肺叶切除能否获得与肺叶切除同等疗效仍未确定,现分析两种手术方式治疗I期肺腺癌预后的比较。方法回顾性研究2009年1月-2011年12月广州医科大学附属第一医院收治的I期肺腺癌患者,其中VATS肺叶切除222例,亚肺叶切除36例;对两组患者使用倾向评分匹配（propensity score matching, PSM）,比较两组患者的临床病理特征及生存预后。结果两组匹配患者35例,匹配后VATS肺叶切除组与亚肺叶切除组的术后无病生存期（disease free survival, DFS）分别为49.3个月、42.7个月,差异无统计学意义（P=0.137）;两组术后总生存期（overall survival, OS）分别为50.3个月、49.0个月,差异无统计学意义（P=0.122）。分期分层结果示,Ia期肺叶切除和亚肺叶切除两组术后DFS差异无统计学意义;而Ib期肺叶切除和亚肺叶切除两组术后DFS差异有统计学意义。结论 Ia期肺腺癌VATS亚肺叶切除的生存预后不亚于肺叶切除,Ib期肺腺癌建议选择VATS肺叶切除治疗。     

胸腔镜下肺段切除与肺叶切除治疗临床Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌疗效对比的Meta分析

背景与目的：对于临床Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC),胸腔镜下肺段切除因其对患者损伤更小而越来越受到胸外科医师的重视,但是腔镜下肺叶切除术仍被认为是标准的治疗方式。因此,系统评价胸腔镜下肺段切除与肺叶切除治疗临床Ⅰ期NSCLC的临床疗效,以期为临床决策提供借鉴。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library、CNKI、CBM、VIP和万方等数据库,检索时间截至2015年7月,收集胸腔镜下肺段切除与肺叶切除治疗临床Ⅰ期NSCLC的对比研究,由2名研究员分别对纳入的研究进行数据提取和质量评价,最后采用Cochrane协作网提供的Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入11篇回顾性临床对照研究,共计1677例患者。Meta分析结果显示,对于临床Ⅰ期NSCLC,胸腔镜下肺段切除与肺叶切除术后总体复发率(OR=0.77,95%CI：0.48~1.21,P=0.25)、5年生存率(OR=0.77,95%CI：0.52~1.14,P=0.19)和全身并发症(OR=0.76,95%CI：0.53~1.09,P=0.13)差异均无统计学意义,但胸腔镜下肺段切除可减少术中失血量[均数差(difference in means,MD)=-41.16,95%CI：-59.46~-22.86, P<0.0001]、缩短术后胸管引流时间(MD=-0.29,95%CI：-0.49~-0.09,P=0.005)和住院时间(MD=-0.74,95%CI：-1.44~-0.05,P=0.04)。结论：对于临床Ⅰ期NSCLC,胸腔镜下肺段切除和肺叶切除在术后总体复发率、全身并发症和5年生存率上效果相当,但是在术中失血量、术后胸管引流时间和住院时间方面胸腔镜下肺段切除效果更好,是一种可供选择的手术方式。     

亚肺叶切除治疗早期肺癌需要考虑的几个问题

随着医学技术的进步,早期肺癌患者数量逐年增加,亚肺叶切除治疗在早期肺癌个体化治疗的价值逐渐受到重视。目前,在早期肺癌的术式选择上,肺叶切除和亚肺叶切除孰优孰劣尚存在一些争议。本文就当前亚肺叶切除治疗早期肺癌的下述争议点进行了总结：①循证医学证据;②楔形和肺段的适应症选择;③肿瘤直径和切缘距离的权重比较;④老年人的术式选择。     

肺结节大小、深度对肺切除治疗≤2 cm早期肺癌手术方式的影响

背景与目的 现有研究显示,在确保安全切缘的前提下,≤2 cm含磨玻璃成分的早期肺癌宜采用亚肺叶切除,但部分病例需行肺叶切除以保证切缘。本研究探讨≤2 cm早期肺癌的大小、深度对楔形、肺段和肺叶切除手术方式的影响,以及如何确保亚肺叶切除的安全切缘。方法 回顾性分析2022年接受肺切除手术治疗的≤2 cm含磨玻璃成分的早期肺癌病例385例,包括楔形、肺段和肺叶切除术三组。深度测量肺结节内缘至所属肺支气管开口最短距离(OA值)及结节内缘至胸膜距离(AB值)。行肺段及肺叶切除术者,进行三维CT支气管血管重建(threedimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography,3D-CTBA),统计若行肺段切除术所需切除亚段数。统计楔形、肺段切除的切缘宽度和肺段切除所切除的亚段及数量。结果 在楔形、肺段和肺叶切除手术中,肺结节平均大小分别为(1.08±0.29) cm、(1.31±0.34) cm、(1.50±0.35) cm,结节的深度(AB值)分别为6.05 (5.26,6.85)cm、4.43(3.27,5.43) cm和3...     

肺叶加支气管袖状切除治疗中央型肺癌——附59例报告

作者自1978年7月至1987年5月施行肺叶加支气管袖状切除术治疗中央型肺癌共59例。手术方式:右上肺叶袖状切除31例;左上叶20例;右中下叶4例;左下叶4例。 无手术死亡及术后无并发症。术后一年以内11例,生存10例;术后一年以上14例,生存11例;术后二年以上11例,生存8例;术后三年以上16例,生存10例;术后五年以上7例,生存4例。死亡原因:肺内或纵隔淋巴结复发8例;脑转移5例;肺部感染1例。 肺叶加支气管袖状切除治疗中央型肺癌获得与一侧全肺切除同样彻底;其生存期比全肺切除术病人的生存期长。     

支气管袖状成形肺叶切除和气管隆凸切除重建术治疗中央型肺癌

目的　探讨肺叶加支气管袖状切除和气管隆凸切除重建术对治疗中央型肺癌的优越性。方法　总结并分析我院自1989～1997年间23例接受该类手术的肺癌患者的临床资料。结果　本组并发症发生率为34.8%(8/23),主要为气管内出血(3例)和肺部感染(2例)。所有患者术后配合化疗和/或放疗,全组1、3及5年生存率分别为91.3%(21/23)、68.7%(11/16)及45.5%(5/11)。2例术后出现肺不张并发感染致通气功能障碍。结论　肺叶加支气管袖状切除和气管隆凸切除重建术治疗中央型肺癌,不仅能最大限度地保留健康肺组织和肺功能,而且能较彻底地切除病变,达到治疗的目的。随着麻醉技术的进展,该类术式手术死亡率明显降低,且并发症较少,值得重视和推广。     

逆行肺叶切除在肺癌手术中的意义(附28例报告)

目的:探讨逆行肺叶切除术在肺癌手术中的优点。方法:对28例因受肿瘤、淋巴结压迫或侵犯,肺动脉或肺静脉显露困难的肺癌病人行逆行肺叶切除术病例(实验组)进行回顾性分析,并以同期同类型肺癌病人常规肺叶切除术30例当对照组进行分析。结果:实验组28例均顺利完成肺叶切除,切除率100%,对照组探查3例,全肺切除6例,肺叶切除21例,切除率90%,术中术后并发症:实验组术中出血8例,平均手术时间2.5小时,术后平均住院9天;对照组术中出血18例,改行全肺切除6例,平均手术时间3.5小时,术后平均住院12天。结论:逆行肺叶切除术能显著提高肺癌的手术切除率,减少全肺切除,术中出血少,手术时间短,术后恢复快。     

隆凸切除、支气管袖状肺叶切除治疗中央型肺癌105例

目的 总结1991年11月至2001年11月采用隆凸切除、支气管袖状切除、双袖状切除术治疗105例中央型肺癌的经验。方法 全组105例，其中施行隆凸切除气道重建术19例，左、右各式支气管袖状肺叶切除术81例，双袖状肺叶切除5例。结果 本组无手术死亡。术后并发症发生率为10.5%。术后1、3、5年生存率为89.9%、60.0%和47.2%。结论 支气管袖状／双袖状肺叶切除治疗中央型肺癌，既能最大限度地切除肺肿瘤，又能最大限度地保留健康肺组织。隆凸切除气道重建术能进一步扩大手术适应证。     

食管肺同期联合切除手术临床分析

目的探讨食管、肺同期联合手术切除的可行性及疗效。方法回顾分析我科行食管肺同期联合切除手术32例的临床资料。26例行同期食管癌根治术及肺叶切除术或肺楔形切除术,6例先同期行食管、肺叶切除术、胸部淋巴结清扫、空肠及颈段食管造瘘术,待病情及营养状况好转后二期行胸骨后胃、颈段食管吻合术。结果食管癌合并肺良性肿瘤7例,食管肺双原发癌21例,食管癌肺侵犯4例。围术期死亡2例,均死于吻合口瘘后呼吸衰竭。肺部感染及肺不张8例,心律失常12例,吻合口瘘1例。1年生存率为64.0%(16/25),5年生存率为33.3%(3/9)。结论对于食管癌伴肺部肿块或食管癌肺侵犯,在排除转移的基础上均应积极手术,而同期食管肺联合切除是安全可行的,对部分身体状况较差的患者可考虑一期切除二期吻合。     

两种肺段切割方式对行全胸腔镜手术早期周围型肺癌患者术中术后临床指标及术后并发症的影响

目的:探讨肺段电刀和机械切割方式对行全胸腔镜手术早期周围型肺癌患者术中术后临床指标及术后并发症的影响。方法:选取我院2016年6月至2018年6月收治的早期周围型肺癌患者共128例,以随机数字表法分为A组（64例）和B组（64例）,分别在全胸腔镜手术下行肺段电刀和机械切割,比较两组术中术后临床指标水平和术后并发症发生率。结果:B组手术用时显著少于A组（P<0.05）;两组手术出血量、手术出血量＞200 ml、纵隔淋巴结切除比例、术后胸腔闭式引流时间、术后住院时间及术后3 d胸腔引流量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;同时两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:全胸腔镜手术中肺段电刀和机械切割方式用于早期周围型肺癌患者治疗在医源性创伤程度、术后康复时间及手术安全性方面较为接近;但肺段电刀切割方式应用可能增加手术难度,延长术中操作用时。     

口腔癌下颌骨边缘切除的临床应用

[目的]对口腔癌的下颌骨边缘切除的效果进行评价。[方法]对248例行下颌骨切除的口腔癌病人的临床资料进行了回顾性研究 ,其中82例行边缘性切除 ,166例行骨段切除 ,比较两组病人的复发率和生存率。[结果]边缘切除和骨段切除两组病人的局部复发率分别为15 6 %和16 3 % ,5年生存率分别为52 2 %和55 7 % ,无显著性差异。[结论]下颌骨边缘切除对于无明显破坏或仅有轻度下颌骨破坏的口腔癌是一种有效的下颌骨处理方法 ,既能取得良好的局部控制效果又能较好地保存病人的口腔功能。     

肝切除治疗原发性肝癌自发性破裂

目的 探讨肝切除治疗原发性肝癌自发性破裂(简称肝癌破裂)的作用。方法 分析我院1973年以来采用肝切除术治疗肝癌破裂12例的临床资料。结果 本组男10例，女2例。平均年龄42(22—65)岁。11例为急症肝切除术，1例为2期肝切除，包括肝左外叶切除6例，左内叶切除1例，左半肝切除1例，右肝部分切除2例，肿瘤局部切除2例。本组中Child-Paugh肝功能分级A组的11例中无死亡；B组者1例术后死于肝衰，手术死亡率为8．3％。术后生存的1例均获随访，平均生存时间为16．5个月，1，3，5年生存率分别为72．7，18．2％，9．1％。其中1例已无瘤生存25年9个月。结论 肝切除是治疗肝癌破裂的最好方法，当有可能时应争取施行。肝切除治疗肝癌破裂可能使患者获行长时间生存。     

原发性气管肿瘤的外科治疗

 自1991年6月至1996年11月, 我们对原发性气管肿瘤23例进行手术治疗, 其中良性肿瘤2例, 恶性肿瘤21例, 施行气管节段切除11例, 侧壁切除6例, 气管腔内肿瘤刮除加电灼术6例。 术后无发生气管瘘、无手术死亡。 术后1、3、5年生存率分别是86％、53％和21％。 作者认为应根据气管肿瘤的病理性质, 病变范围和外侵程度, 酌情使用气管节段切除、侧壁切除和肿瘤刮除加电灼术。     

Surgical treatment for metastatic malignancies. Anatomical resection of liver metastasis: indications and outcomes

Hepatectomy may be the only treatment modality for the cure of colorectal liver metastasis. However, whether to perform nonanatomical resection or anatomical resection remains unclear. Original articles in English on liver metastasis, including reports that dealt with case series of more than 50 curative hepatectomies, were reviewed, and the current status of surgical treatment for colorectal liver metastasis was summarized, with a special emphasis on the relevance, indications, and outcomes of anatomical hepatectomy. Anatomical hepatic resection was performed in 63% of the patients. For patients who were treated by curative hepatectomy, including both anatomical and nonanatomical resection, the morbidity rates, mortality rates, 5-year survival rates, and rates of hepatic recurrence were 23%, 3.3%, 34%, and 41.2%, respectively. In 73 articles that each analyzed more than 50 patients treated with potentially curative hepatectomy, the incidence of anatomical resection exceeded 50% in 56 series, while anatomical resection was performed in fewer than 50% of the patients in 17 series. A comparison between these two groups naturally revealed a remarkable difference in the incidence of anatomical resection (72% versus 34%), but no difference in terms of morbidity; mortality; survival rates at 3, 5, and 10 years; or rate of hepatic recurrence. The profile of liver metastasis related to prognosis was generally advantageous to patients treated with nonanatomical resection, and this may have nullified the survival advantage of anatomical hepatectomy over nonanatomical resection. Anatomical resection provides a higher probability of coresecting microscopic invasions that are predictable but undetectable, and can be recommended as a standard procedure for locally advanced metastatic liver cancer.     

额颞部肿瘤的诊治体会

目的探讨额颞部肿瘤的诊治方法。方法对我院22例额颞部肿瘤进行回顾性分析。结果22例中全切除9例,部分切除13例;恢复良好16例,症状部分改善6例。结论手术治疗额颞部肿瘤取得满意效果。     

Clinical controlled comparison between lobectomy and segmental resection for patients over 70 years of age with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer

Aims

The standard surgical procedure for elderly (≥70 years) patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated.

Methods

A non-randomized prospective controlled study was conducted to compare lobectomy with segmental resection for the treatment of elderly clinical stage I lung cancer patients under different pulmonary function. Perioperative indicators including time and volume of thoracic drainage, incidence of postoperative complications, locoregional recurrence rates, and 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates were analyzed.

Results

A total of 184 patients were included in the study. Patients were classified into two groups according to pulmonary function: group 1 included 64 patients who had poor pulmonary function, with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) of less than 1.5 L, whereas group 2 consisted of 120 patients with an FEV₁ ≥ 1.5 L. The patients in group 1 had a longer postoperative mechanical ventilation time and a higher incidence rate of respiratory associated complications than those in group 2 (21.9 vs. 8.35%, p = 0.009). The local recurrence and long-term survival rates were not significantly different between lobectomy and segmental resection. Among the patients who underwent segmental resection, those who had regional lymph node dissection showed a higher 3-year and 5-year survival rate than those undergoing selected lymph node resection (77.8 vs. 51.7%, p = 0.042; 55.6 vs. 27.6%, p = 0.034), but this was not significant in lobectomy.

Conclusions

Segmental resection combined with regional lymph node resection could be the best choice for elderly clinical stage I NSCLC patients with FEV₁ < 1.5 L.     

International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery type 3 and 4 venous resections in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma:the Paoli-Calmettes Institute experience

IntroductionA new neoadjuvant regimen, together with more aggressive surgeries, appears to have increased the resectability rate in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent venous resection (VR) during pancreatectomies for PDAC.Materials and methodsBetween 2005 and 2017, 130 patients underwent pancreatectomies with type 3 or 4 (i.e., segmental resection without or with graft interposition, respectively) VR for PDAC. Patients’ characteristics, surgical techniques, perioperative management, pathological findings, and outcomes were recorded and compared during 2 inclusion periods: the landmark year for the introduction of the FOLFIRINOX regimen and the hyperspecialization of our pancreatic-surgery team was 2010.ResultsPerformance of pancreatectomies with VR steadily increased through the 2 inclusion periods. In the overall series (n = 130), the median overall survival time and the 5-year survival proportion were 26.3 months and 21%, respectively. Upon multivariate analysis, ASA score 3 (P = 0.01) and R1 resection margins (P < 0.01) were found to be negative independent factors influencing survival. Patients who underwent upfront VR (n = 47) had survival rates similar to those of patients who received neoadjuvant treatment (n = 83). After 2010, more complex VR were performed; however, no difference was found between the 2 periods with respect to postoperative courses, pathologic findings, or survival after a matching process based on patients’ characteristics and tumor stages.ConclusionOver the last 2 decades, VR during pancreatectomy has been confirmed as a safe procedure despite the increase in technical complexity. Disappointingly, we did not observe any dramatic survival improvement.     

Could a high resectability rate improve the long‐term survival of patients with proximal bile duct cancer?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate if high resectability rate could improve the long-term outcome of patients with proximal bile duct cancer. METHODS: Between 1985 and 2001, 50 patients (34 male and 16 female) with proximal bile duct cancer were treated. Thirty-six patients (72%) were considered suitable for surgery, while 14 underwent nonsurgical palliative procedures. Twenty patients had bile duct resection only. Ten patients had Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomy with two or three divided segmental hepatic ducts; in 10 patients, the cholangiojejunostomy was performed with four or five divided segmental hepatic ducts. Three patients were treated by palliative transtumoral intubation with Kehr tube. Thirteen patients had bile duct resection plus hepatectomy. Despite the curative intention of the operation, only in 19 (52.7%) patients did the histopathological examination reveal tumor-free margins. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. Postoperative morbidity was 25%. Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival of the entire surgical group was 61%, 22.5%, and 9%, respectively. In the 19 patients treated with curative intent the survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 63.1%, 31.5%, and 15.8%, respectively, while in the group that had palliative treatment it was 45%, 15%, and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Only margins free from tumor can guarantee an improvement in long-term outcome. Increasing resectability improves survival and could offer a chance of better long-term survival.     

Laparoscopic bile duct resection with lymph node dissection for gallbladder cancer diagnosed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

IntroductionLaparoscopic reoperation of postoperatively diagnosed gallbladder cancer is a technically challenging procedure due to inflammatory adhesion or fibrosis around the hepatoduodenal ligament and gallbladder bed [1,2]. Here we describe a technique for laparoscopic bile duct resection with lymph node dissection in a patient with cystic duct cancer diagnosed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.VideoA 73-year-old woman presented with postoperatively diagnosed gallbladder cancer. She underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy to treat symptomatic gallbladder stones at another hospital, 2 months earlier. Postoperative pathology revealed a 0.9 × 0.7 cm, T2 lesion of adenosquamous carcinoma located at the cystic duct. The cystic duct margin showed high-grade dysplasia. We planned to perform laparoscopic bile duct resection with lymph node dissection. After adhesiolysis to expose the hepatoduodenal ligament, the lymph nodes were dissected around the retropancreatic area, hepatoduodenal ligament, and common hepatic artery in an en bloc fashion. Combined segmental resection of the bile duct, including the fibrotic scar around the cystic duct stump, was completed with negative resection margins. Retrocolic choledochojejunostomy and side-to-side jejunojejunostomy were then performed intracorporeally.ResultsThe operation time was 195 minutes and the estimated intraoperative blood loss was minimal. The postoperative pathologic report revealed no residual tumor tissue and negative resection margins. Lymph node metastasis was found in one of eight retrieved lymph nodes. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 4 with no postoperative complications.Conclusion.Laparoscopic radical surgery involving bile duct resection and lymph node dissection can be safely performed in patients with postoperatively diagnosed gallbladder cancer.