屈光参差性弱视患者LASIK术后矫正视力和立体视觉的变化

目的:探讨屈光参差性弱视患者在准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)治疗弱视中矫正视力和立体视觉的变化.方法:回顾性分析屈光参差性弱视患者84例84眼临床资料,分析不同性别、年龄、屈光参差性弱视类型患者治疗前和治疗后3、6mo,1a矫正视力和立体视觉的变化,分析矫正视力与立体视觉的相关性.结果:患者84 例84眼经LASIK术治疗3、6mo,1a后矫正视力较治疗前提高,立体视锐度值较治疗前降低(P<0.05).男性患者与女性患者治疗后3、6mo,1a矫正LogMAR视力和立体视锐度值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).年龄<30岁组治疗后3、6mo,1a矫正视力明显高于年龄≥30岁组(P<0.05).远视性屈光参差性弱视患者治疗后3、6mo,1a立体视锐度值较近视性屈光参差性弱视患者显著下降(P<0.05),而两组患者治疗后矫正LogMAR视力比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).屈光参差性弱视患者在LASIK术治疗过程中矫正视力的提高与立体视力下降值无显著相关性(P>0.05).结论:LASIK术能有效改善屈光参差性弱视患者矫正视力及立体视觉,但患者治疗过程中矫正视力和立体视觉受年龄与弱视类型影响.     

4D数字化弱视斜视矫治系统对远视性屈光不正性及屈光参差性弱视的疗效观察

目的:评估4D数字化弱视斜视矫治系统对远视性屈光不正性及远视性屈光参差性弱视儿童的疗效。方法:招募3~9岁远视性屈光不正性及远视性屈光参差性弱视患者48例(其中远视性屈光不正性弱视18例36眼,远视性屈光参差性弱视30例30眼),所有患者排除其他眼病,在屈光矫正、合理遮盖的基础上接受4D数字化弱视斜视矫治系统的训练。初期训练以提高视力为主,视力达0.6以上者加上脱抑制训练及双眼视功能训练。比较训练前、后的视力及双眼立体视变化情况。结果:远视性屈光不正性弱视患者共18例36眼,其中轻度弱视组13眼,中度弱视组19眼,重度弱视组4眼。远视性屈光参差性弱视患者共30例30眼,根据弱视程度分为轻度弱视组5眼,中度弱视组13眼,重度弱视组12眼。治疗60次后视力均有明显提高。治疗60次后立体视有明显提高,且与屈光度无关(P>0.05),与初始视力及治疗后视力均呈正相关(P<0.05),与屈光参差量呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:4D数字化弱视斜视矫治系统联合传统的弱视治疗方法能有效提高3~9岁远视性屈光不正性弱视和远视性屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力并改善其双眼视功能。     

屈光参差性弱视儿童视力与立体视的关系

目的探究相同屈光参差范围内不同类型屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力与立体视情况,以及视力、屈光参差类型对拥有立体视与否的影响。方法回顾性研究。收集56例屈光参差性弱视儿童和52例伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童以及20例正常儿童相应检查数据,检查包括矫正视力、屈光程度、随机点动态2阶粗糙立体视。采用多元方差分析3类儿童的视力差异,统计立体视分布情况,运用非条件logistic回归分析视力与屈光参差类型对拥有立体视与否的影响。结果单纯屈光参差性弱视儿童与伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力差异无统计学意义（F=3.58,P=0.0314,校正α=0.016）。单纯及伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童粗糙立体视拥有率分别为96%,71%。在双眼视力一致的条件下,伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视与单纯屈光参差性弱视儿童相比,拥有2阶立体视的OR估计值为0.132（95%CI：0.034~0.503）。在屈光参差类型一致的条件下,高、中双眼视力平衡度与低双眼视力平衡度相比,拥有2阶立体视的OR估计值分别为5.161（95%CI：0.868~30.675）和3.939（95%CI： 0.920~16.858）。结论相同屈光参差程度范围中不同类型屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力差异不明显;伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童立体视缺损的可能性更高,并且双眼不平衡度越高引起的立体视下降越明显。     

屈光参差性弱视治疗前后双眼视觉的临床观察

目的 了解屈光参差性弱视儿童治疗前及矫正视力正常后双眼视觉的状况.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象屈光参差性弱视儿童53例.方法 对53例屈光参差性弱视儿童分别在治疗前及矫正视力≥0.9后采用颜少明<立体视觉检查图>和同视机检测其双眼视觉功能.主要指标立体视锐度、交叉视差、非交叉视差立体视觉,同时知觉、远融合范围,定性远立体视.结果 屈光参差与弱视(r=0.613)、弱视与立体视(r=0.422)及屈光参差与立体视均具有相关性(r=354).弱视患儿矫正视力正常后其近立体视锐度、交叉视差、非交叉视差立体视觉均较治疗前有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).弱视患儿矫正视力正常后其同时视功能较治疗前无明显差异(P=0.37);远融合范围及远立体视均较治疗前有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(远融合范围P=0.03,远立体视P＜0.01).结论 屈光参差、弱视、立体视觉三者之间具有相关性.屈光参差性弱视影响融合和立体视觉的发育.随着视力的提高,双眼视觉有显著改善.     

LASIK治疗近视性屈光参差性弱视

目的 评价准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis;LASIK)治疗近视性屈光参差性弱视的临床疗效.方法 用LASIK手术矫正8位近视性屈光参差性弱视患者,比较手术前后屈光不正的度数和立体视锐度的改变,并将术前的最佳矫正视力和术后第1天,第3天,第10天的裸眼视力以及6～9个月随访的裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力进行比较和分析.结果 术前屈光度数高眼的屈光不正的等效球镜平均为(-10.06±1.50)D,术后该眼屈光不正的等效球镜平均为(0.19±0.32)D.手术前后立体视锐度差别有统计学意义(z=-2.207,P=0.027).术前屈光度数高眼矫正视力和术后该眼矫正视力相比,差别有统计学意义(F=11.431;P=0.000).结论 LASIK手术能安全,有效地减少近视性屈光参差,提高患者的视力和立体视功能.     

综合治疗大龄儿童及青少年屈光参差性重度弱视疗效分析

目的:观察大龄儿童及青少年屈光参差性重度弱视综合性治疗的疗效。方法:将56例56眼9~19岁的屈光参差性重度弱视患者分成两组,两组患者均充分散瞳验光,观察组(A组)配戴高透氧性硬性角膜接触镜(rigid gas permeable contact lens,RGPCL),对照组(B组)给予足矫框架眼镜,两组均进行遮盖、增视治疗、脱抑制治疗,在弱视眼矫正视力>4.7时,除继续遮盖、增视治疗、脱抑制治疗外,增加双眼视觉及立体视觉训练,随访观察24mo。结果:弱视治疗18mo后,两组的总有效率均为100%。比较两组的弱视治疗24mo时临床治愈率、脱抑制率、立体视≤100"患者所占百分比。A组临床治愈率为33%,B组为8%,A组的临床治愈率高于B组,两组疗效差异有显著性(χ2=4.02,P<0.05)。A组的脱抑制率为37%,而B组的脱抑制率为4%,两组疗效差异有显著性(χ2=14.43,P<0.05)。A组立体视≤100"患者占30%,B组占4%,两组疗效差异有显著性(χ2=4.83,P<0.05)。A组全部患者均能满意接受配戴RGPCL,所有患者均未出现角膜上皮损伤、感染、结膜明显充血、分泌物增多及眼部磨痛、痒、异物感等不适。在配戴过程中未出现镜片护理方面问题。结论:对大龄儿童及青少年屈光参差性重度弱视应采取积极弱视治疗,两组的有效率达到了100%。配戴RGPCL组24mo脱抑制率、临床治愈率、立体视优于戴框架眼镜组。对于屈光参差性弱视,应建议患者戴RGPCL以提高临床治愈率,最大可能地恢复立体视。     

三类弱视患者的视觉噪声差异研究

目的探讨三类弱视患者之间视觉噪声的差异。方法选取2010年1月至8月在我科就诊的149例(298眼)患者,分为屈光参差性弱视组(71例)、斜视性弱视组(38例)和屈光不正性弱视组(40例)。各组分别进行视觉噪声双视力表检测。使用SPSS13.0统计软件比较3组患者的年龄、性别、最佳矫正视力、视觉噪声差异。结果年龄:方差分析结果显示3组患者的年龄差异无统计学意义(F=2.032,P=0.135);性别:χ2检验显示3组间的性别差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.785,P=0.248);最佳矫正视力:方差分析结果显示3组间差异无统计学意义(F=1.697,P=0.185)。视觉噪声:视觉噪声双视力表检测结果显示3组患者在无、有噪声条件下表现出的视觉噪声分别为:屈光参差性弱视组(1.42±0.81)行,斜视性弱视组(1.82±1.00)行,屈光不正性弱视组(2.06±0.94)行。方差分析显示3组患者间的视觉噪声差异有统计学意义(F=14.220,P<0.001);LSD法进行组间两两比较显示:屈光参差性弱视组的视觉噪声低于其他两组,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01);斜视性弱视组与屈光不正性弱视组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论弱视患者视觉系统存在着内部噪声,不同弱视类型之间的视觉噪声水平存在差异;屈光参差性弱视的视觉噪声最低,屈光不正性弱视的视觉噪声最高。     

斜视性弱视双眼视差信息缺损研究

目的 研究斜视性弱视双眼视差信息缺损状态,探讨斜视性弱视发生的神经机制.方法 对30例5～22岁的斜视性弱视患者,30例4～21岁的屈光参差性弱视患者和30例6～30岁视力正常对照组进行多维空间感知觉检查,检查的视差信息包括知觉任务图像的状态、阶度、交叉与非交叉视差信息.比较斜视性弱视与屈光参差性弱视的双眼视差信息缺损状态和程度.结果 斜视性弱视组各种双眼视差信息之间正确率的比较,受试者随机点动态视差的正确率大于随机点静态视差的正确率(67.62%>57.04%),其中动态零阶大于静态零阶(80.00%>55.00%),动态一阶大于静态一阶(65.00%>57.78%),动态二阶大于静态二阶(66.11%>58.33%),差异有显著统计学意义.斜视性弱视组、屈光参差性弱视组与正常组双眼视差参数信息正确率比较,包括静态零阶、动态零阶、静态一阶、动态一阶、静态二阶与动态二阶,均是正常组>屈光参差性弱视组>斜视性弱视组,且差异有显著统计学意义.结论 斜视性弱视组零阶、一阶、二阶视差立体视缺损比屈光参差性弱视的更加严重,静态视差立体视的缺损较动态的更加严重,斜视性弱视立体视的重建需要更长的时间.零阶视差选择性、一阶视差选择性、二阶视差选择性在大脑中的加工部位是不同的.动态立体图比静态的更加能诱发受试者的立体知觉.     

单眼弱视的临床分析

目的　探讨单眼弱视的临床特点。方法　对 96例单眼弱视进行追踪观察 ,对弱视类型、程度、注视性质与疗效的关系进行统计分析 ,并观察其立体视变化。结果　单眼弱视中屈光参差性弱视占 66 67% ,斜视性弱视占 33 33%。斜视合并屈光参差性弱视患者基本治愈率仅 50 % ,单眼弱视中重度弱视较多 ,占 33 33% ,立体视恢复正常者 55 2 1 % ,均为屈光参差性弱视。结论　单眼弱视患者中常见斜视性弱视和屈光参差性弱视两种临床类型 ,其中以斜视伴有屈光参差的弱视治疗效果最差 ,而斜视对患者的立体视损害最严重     

屈光参差性弱视儿童双眼视觉状态

目的：分析屈光参差性弱视儿童的屈光状态、矫正视力情况及其与双眼视觉功能的关系。方法：横断面研究。收集2015年11月至2016年9月就诊于北京9家医院（分布于8个区县）的屈光参差性弱视儿童患者106例（106眼），年龄（6.2±5.4）岁。根据屈光参差危险因素将所有患者分为远视性屈光参差组（67例）、近视性屈光参差组（5例）、散光性屈光参差组（12例）、远视合并散光性屈光参差组（20例）及近视合并散光性屈光参差组（2例）。对所有患者行裸眼视力（UCVA）、矫正视力（BCVA）、屈光状态、远近立体视等检查。采用Pearson相关性分析双眼屈光参差的差值程度与高度屈光不正眼UCVA、BCVA及双眼视觉间的相关性，并分析双眼矫正视力差值程度与双眼视觉的相关性。采用单因素方差分析比较5组高度屈光不正眼BCVA及远近立体视情况。结果：屈光参差的差值程度与高度屈光不正眼UCVA和BCVA、远立体视、近立体视（即随机点立体视，包括立体视锐度、交叉立体视、非交叉立体视）均呈负相关（均P<0.05）；双眼矫正视力差值与远立体视、近立体视均呈负相关（均P<0.05）。5组间在高度屈光不正眼BCVA、远立体视、近立体视方面总体差异均有统计学意义（F=6.221、5.271、3.622、3.647、3.464，P<0.05），进一步两两比较显示高度屈光不正眼BCVA在近视性屈光参差组最好，然后依次为远视性屈光参差组、散光性屈光参差组、近视合并散光性屈光参差组以及远视合并散光性屈光参差组，组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；远立体视在远视性屈光参差组最好，然后依次为近视性屈光参差组、散光性屈光参差组，组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），但远视合并散光性屈光参差组与近视合并散光性屈光参差组的远立体视差异无统计学意义；近立体视在近视性屈光参差组最好，然后依次为远视性屈光参差组、散光性屈光参差组、远视合并散光性屈光参差组以及近视合并散光性屈光参差组，组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论：屈光参差性弱视儿童的屈光参差程度与视力、立体视功能相关，且立体视功能和双眼矫正视力差值也有相关性。不同类型屈光参差儿童立体视损害有所差异。     

Comparison of Ziemer FEMTO LDV “Classic” and “Crystal Line” femtosecond laser flap quality by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography

AIM: To compare the regularity and accuracy of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flaps created by the Ziemer FEMTO LDV “Classic” (Ziemer “Classic”) and Ziemer FEMTO LDV Crystal Line femtosecond laser (Ziemer Crystal Line).METHODS:Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (RTVue OCT) was used tomeasure the morphology of 200 LASIK flaps of 100 consecutive patients created with the Ziemer Classic (100 flaps) or the Ziemer Crystal Line (100 flaps) at one week postoperatively. Flap thickness was evaluated at 36 specified measurement points on each flap. For all procedures with both lasers, the nominal flap thickness was 110µm.RESULTS:The mean flap thickness of the Ziemer Crystal Line group(102.49±2.68µm) was thinner than that of the Ziemer Classic group (107.65±5.09µm) (P<0.01). Average thickness of all flaps was uniform within 4µm at all measurement points. The flaps in the Ziemer Crystal Line group were more regular than those in the Ziemer Classic group when measured from the center to the periphery. The maximum deviation from the nominal 110µm of 36 measurements was 8µm in the Ziemer Classic group, while in the Ziemer Crystal Line group it was 9µm. Within the 3 600 measurements on the 100 eyes, differences greater than 20µm were observed 0.14% in the Ziemer Classic group, and 0.04% in the Ziemer Crystal Line group.CONCLUSION:The flaps created with the Ziemer FEMTO LDV Crystal Linefemtosecond laser are more uniform and thinner than those created by the Ziemer FEMTO LDV Classic femtosecond laser.     

儿童屈光参差与弱视、立体视相关性的研究

目的　探讨屈光参差对儿童视力和立体视功能的影响以及屈光参差、弱视、立体视三者之间的相关关系。方法　选择不伴有斜视的 4 5～ 13 8岁屈光参差儿童 186例 ,无屈光参差和弱视的同龄正常儿童 2 0例。对以上所选病例 ,测定裸眼视力、屈光状态、最佳的矫正视力及矫正后Tit mus立体视 ,并对测量数据进行统计学分析。结果　①当远视参差 >1D ,近视参差 >2D ,散光参差 >1 0D ,弱视的发生率分别为 43 %、 43 %、 3 6% ;立体视异常百分比分别为 43 %、 2 9%、 3 6% :屈光参差 >3D ,弱视及异常立体视发生率均 10 0 %。②屈光参差与弱视的相关性及立体视与弱视的相关性均大于屈光参差与立体视的相关性。结论　儿童屈光参差可严重损害患儿的视力及双眼视功能 ,随着屈光参差程度的增加 ,弱视及异常立体视的发生率明显增多 ,并且 ,立体视功能的下降与弱视相伴行 ,二者之间存在显著相关性     

脱抑制及视功能训练治疗屈光参差性弱视的临床疗效

目的：探讨脱抑制及视功能训练治疗屈光参差性弱视患儿的临床疗效。

方法：前瞻性病例对照研究。83例屈光参差性弱视患儿纳入本研究,所有患儿均为单眼弱视,随机分为训练组(44例44眼)和对照组(39例39眼)。所有患儿常规配镜,定量遮盖,均采用家庭+诊室训练相结合的方法。对照组训练内容为：弱视训练仪(光刷、红闪、光栅等)及电脑软件精细+刺激训练。训练组除完成对照组训练项目以外,当患儿弱视眼矫正视力已经提高到0.6以上后进行单眼调节功能训练、脱抑制训练、双眼调节功能训练及双眼集合、融像功能训练。随访6mo后,对两组的视力疗效及远近立体视功能检查结果进行比较及统计学分析。

结果：训练组与对照组相比,两个组间视力改善的总有效率差异无统计学意义,但是两个组间整体的视力疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),加入脱抑制及视功能训练后训练组远、近立体视功能改善的人数明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：弱视治疗中加入脱抑制训练及双眼视功能训练后,能够增强弱视眼的竞争力,消除抑制,不但能提高视力,还能建立良好的视功能。     

角膜屈光手术对成人和青少年远视性屈光参差性弱视的临床意义

目的：研究准分子激光角膜屈光手术治疗成人或大龄的青少年远视性屈光参差性弱视的疗效。

方法：选取2010-09/2013-03在我院行准分子激光角膜屈光手术的伴有弱视的远视性屈光参差患者共11例16眼,年龄15岁以上,随访6mo以上。记录患者术前术后裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、睫状肌麻痹后屈光度以及立体视等情况,并询问患者主觉视觉质量改善的状况以及对手术的满意度。

结果：手术眼16只平均睫状肌麻痹后屈光度的等效球镜从术前的5.76±1.71D降到术后1.42±1.22D(t=13.6,P=0.00)。11例患者双眼间屈光参差从术前的3.78±2.39D降到手术后1.14±1.50D(t=6.08.P=0.00)。手术后患者看远裸眼视力从0.35±0.27上升到0.45±0.29(t=-4.76,P<0.001),看近裸眼视力从0.26±0.24上升至0.49±0.27(t=5.43,P=0.00); 术前worth四孔灯检查4例显示弱视眼抑制。手术后均恢复了正常。同视机检查6例有立体视,术后为10例。Titmus立体视检查立体视锐度也明显提升(t=-2.97,P=0.003)。 没有术中、术后明显并发症发生。所有患者主诉生活中视觉质量明显改善并对手术效果感到满意。

结论：准分子激光角膜屈光手术是治疗过了视觉敏感期的成人或大龄青少年远视性屈光参差性弱视,尽管对弱视眼视力提升有限,但依然提高患者的裸眼视力和立体视功能,改善患者生活质量,是一种值得采用的方法。     

Temporal pattern of resolution/recurrence of choroidal neovascularization during bevacizumab therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To characterize temporal pattern of resolution and recurrence of naive choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab on as needed regimen, and to analyze baseline risk factors for CNV resolution or recurrence.METHODS:Ninety-one eyes of 80 patients with newly diagnosed wet AMD were retrospectively studied. All eyes were treated with a round of three monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections, followed by one additional ‘bonus’ injection after resolution of CNV activity. During follow-up, eyes were monitored with fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). In case of recurrences of CNV activity, eyes were retreated with other rounds of bevacizumab injections following the same treatment protocol.RESULTS:Over a median follow-up of 532d, the median resolution time of CNV activity in the first, second, and third treatment round was 98d, 126d, and 111d, respectively. The median recurrence time for the three rounds was 154d, 126d, and 151d, respectively. No significant difference in resolution time (P=0.09) or in recurrence time (P=0.11) was detected among treatment rounds. Age (P=0.0082) and lens status (P=0.035) were found to be associated with CNV resolution; for every 1-year increase in age there was 4% greater chance of CNV resolution; Phakic eyes demonstrated a 33% better chance to experience CNV resolution than pseudophakic eyes. For CNV recurrence, lens status (P=0.0009) and gender (P=0.0446) were found to be predictive; pseudophakic eyes had a 3.69-fold greater risk to experience recurrence of CNV activity compared to phakic eyes; males had a 2.19-fold greater risk to experience recurrence of CNV activity than females. No significant BCVA changes among three treatment rounds were noted (P=0.56).CONCLUSION:Resolution time and recurrence time of CNV activity were not significantly different among treatment rounds, suggesting absence of tachyphylaxis to bevacizumab. A cautious decision should be made upon discontinuing treatment in wet AMD eyes of younger or pseudophakic patients, which showed slower response to bevacizumab. In addition, wet AMD eyes of male or pseudophakic patients should be evaluated more carefully after stopping the treatment, because they may have early reactivation of the CNV. BCVA was preserved by bevacizumab treatment despite multiple recurrences.     

The relationship between stereopsis and visual acuity after occlusion therapy for amblyopia

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between visual acuity (VA) and stereoacuity after occlusion therapy in patients with various types of amblyopia. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-one children with amblyopia caused by anisometropia with no strabismus (26 children), small angle (相似文献   

The effect of asymmetrical accommodation on anisometropic amblyopia treatment outcomes

BackgroundPrevious research has revealed that the majority of children with anisometropic amblyopia have asymmetrical accommodation. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine whether the type of accommodation response was associated with a poor amblyopia treatment outcome in the same patients.MethodsThe type of accommodation response of 26 children with anisometropic amblyopia was determined in a previous study. The final visual acuity in the amblyopic eye, after treatment, was compared between those with symmetrical, aniso-, and anti-accommodation.ResultsThe difference in final visual acuity between the three accommodation groups was significant (P = 0.023). Subjects with anisometropic amblyopia with anti-accommodation had the poorest final visual acuity (0.42 ± 0.25 logMAR) with a statistically significant difference compared with those who had aniso-accommodation (0.14 ± 0.08 logMAR; P = 0.023). However, the difference failed to reach significance compared to those with symmetrical accommodation (0.20 ± 0.12 logMAR; P = 0.234), probably due to the small sample size. The initial visual acuity in the amblyopic eye and the degree of anisometropia were also significantly positively correlated with final visual acuity (P < 0.001 for both).ConclusionsIn this study cohort, the presence of anti-accommodation in anisometropic amblyopia was associated with a poorer amblyopia treatment outcome. The initial visual acuity in the amblyopic eye and the degree of anisometropia were also associated with a poorer outcome. It is possible that all these factors are associated, but further research is required to determine causal relationships.