温胆汤方剂对睡眠剥夺小鼠氧化应激及炎症反应的影响

目的:研究温胆汤对睡眠剥夺小鼠的改善作用以及对小鼠氧化应激和炎症水平的影响.方法:将30只SPF级昆明雌性小鼠随机分为5组:对照组、模型组、温胆汤低浓度组(含生药0.5 g/ml)、温胆汤高浓度组(含生药2 g/ml)和艾司唑仑片组(0.15 mg/kg),每组6只.采用改良版水平转盘睡眠剥夺法构建失眠小鼠模型,记录小...     

肌肽对PC12细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用

本研究采用过氧化氢和谷氨酸纳作用于PC12细胞,成功的制作了氧化应激损伤的细胞模型。将培养的细胞进行分组：正常对照组;损伤组;分别给予过氧化氢和谷氨酸钠;肌肽保护组,同损伤组的制备,但予先加入肌肽。用MTT法检测了各组细胞的生长状态并测定了LDH活性,观察了细胞形态和蛋白电泳等。结果表明：在保护组,MTT的测定结果高于损伤组,LDH低于损伤组,其细胞生长状态和蛋白质电泳结果也与损伤组有显著差异,证明了肌肽对PC12细胞的氧化应激损伤有明显保护作用。     

紫草多糖对CCl_4诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及机制研究

为探讨LEP对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤模型的保护作用及潜在机制,将ICR小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、LEP低[100mg/(kg·d)]、中[200 mg/(kg·d)]、高[400 mg/(kg·d)]剂量组及联苯双酯[100 mg/(kg·d)]组,每组10只;灌胃给药,1次/d,连续15d。末次给药结束后1h,模型组、LEP低、中、高剂量组及联苯双酯组腹腔注射2.0mL/kg的CCl4(10%)。造模6h后,眼底静脉丛采血,取肝脏、计算肝指数,并检测ALT、AST、NO、NOS、MDA、SOD、GSH、TNF-α、IL-6以及IL-1β水平。结果显示,与模型组比较,LEP可以降低肝质量及肝指数,其中高剂量组的肝质量及中、高剂量组的肝指数均显著性下降(P0.05);LEP各剂量组的血清ALT、AST及肝组织NO、NOS、MDA水平与模型组比较均显著降低,而肝组织SOD、GSH水平显著升高(P0.05);与模型组比较,中、高剂量组的血清TNF-α、IL-1β水平及各剂量组的IL-6水平显著降低(P0.05)。以上实验结果提示,LEP具有保护CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤作用,该作用与其具有的抗氧化和抗炎作用有关。     

肌肽对糖尿病肾病大鼠氧化应激及NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的　探讨肌肽对糖尿病肾病（DN）大鼠肾组织的保护作用及其对氧化应激、NF-κB信号通路的影响。 方法　60只SPF级8周龄雄性SD大鼠，随机选取12只为对照组，其余予以高糖高脂饮食+链脲佐菌素腹腔注射建立糖尿病模型。注射链脲佐菌素3 d后，将符合糖尿病标准大鼠随机分为模型组、肌肽（100、300、900 mg/kg）组。肌肽各组分别灌胃100、300、900 mg/kg肌肽，每日1次。8周后，检测空腹血糖（FBG）、血清肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、24 h尿微量白蛋白（mAlb）。PAS染色法观察大鼠肾形态学变化；试剂盒检测肾组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）含量；免疫组织化学及Western blot检测肾组织P-NF-κB P65蛋白的表达。 结果　 DN大鼠建模成功。与模型组相比，肌肽组肾组织病理损伤明显减轻。肌肽各组大鼠mAlb、FBG、BUN水平下降，呈量-效依赖性关系（P<0.05），而SOD、GSH、GSH-Px的含量逐级升高，同时MDA和P-NF-κB P65含量减少。 结论　肌肽对DN模型大鼠肾组织具有保护作用，其机制可能与抑制氧化应激和NF-κB信号通路异常激活有关。     

血液透析与腹膜透析对终末期肾病患者血脂、氧化应激及炎症因子的影响

目的分析血液透析与腹膜透析对终末期肾病(ESRD)患者血脂、氧化应激及炎症因子的影响。方法选取2016年1月至2018年1月我院收治的终末期肾病患者200例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组、对照组各100例,对照组予以血液透析治疗,观察组实施腹膜透析治疗,比较两组治疗前后血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)]、氧化应激指标[丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]、炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)]水平、生存质量[健康状况调查简表(SF-36)]及并发症的情况。结果治疗后观察组血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平明显低于对照组(P <0.05);治疗后观察组血清MDA、MPO、hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平低于对照组,而SOD水平高于对照组(P <0.05);治疗3个月、治疗6个月观察组SF-36评分高于对照组(P <0.05);观察组治疗期间并发症发生率12.0%低于对照组24. 0%(P <0.05)。结论与血液透析相比,腹膜透析治疗ESRD疗效更好,可明显改善患者血脂、氧化应激及炎症因子水平,提高其生活质量,减少并发症,值得在临床推广实践。     

硫辛酸改善高脂小鼠氧化应激和慢性炎症的研究

目的:探讨由长期喂饲高脂引发的小鼠机体氧化应激对细胞因子的分泌以及炎症相关基因表达的影响,评价通过添加抗氧化剂硫辛酸对长期氧化应激和慢性炎症的改善作用。方法:30只C57BL/6雄性小鼠,随机分为3组:对照组,高脂模型组(HFD),硫辛酸组(LA)。喂饲10周后测定血浆和脾脏的氧化应激指标。酶联免疫法检测血浆中IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10的含量。荧光定量PCR检测脾脏炎症相关基因C-Jun、NF-κB以及与抗氧化相关基因Mt-1的表达。结果:长期高脂喂饲可导致小鼠免疫器官抗氧化酶活性显著降低,MDA含量显著升高,形成氧化应激。机体长期处于氧化应激态可使血浆IL-4和IL-10显著降低,IFN-γ、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著升高,同时C-Jun和NF-κB炎症反应相关基因表达上调、Mt-1的表达水平下调。添加0.1%LA可有效地防止机体氧化应激的形成。结论:长期高脂喂饲导致的氧化应激可影响机体的免疫功能并诱发慢性炎症反应,LA通过直接清除自由基、恢复氧化还原平衡解除慢性氧化应激从而保护小鼠的免疫功能免受损伤。     

人参皂苷Rg1调节氧化应激和炎症因子表达改善糖尿病大鼠周围神经损伤

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg1 (G-Rg1)对糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的保护作用及其机制.方法:雄性成年SD大鼠一次性腹腔注射STZ(40 mg/kg),两周后确认糖尿病造模成功.糖尿病大鼠随机分为模型组、G-Rg1小剂量组(10mg/kg)和G-Rg1大剂量组(30 mg/kg),1次/d,连续给药8周.8周后检测坐...     

小鼠ACADL对巨噬细胞表达炎症因子的影响

目的探讨长链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase,long chain,ACADL)对巨噬细胞分泌炎症因子的影响。方法在体外诱导的小鼠骨髓来源巨噬细胞中加入脂多糖(LPS)以及白细胞介素4(IL-4)分别诱导M1和M2极化,在极化0、12、24、36、48 h时用Western blot检测ACADL在M1和M2极化中的蛋白表达量。构建ACADL-pEGFP-N1质粒,使用G418筛选和鉴定过表达ACADL的RAW264.7细胞稳定株。LPS刺激过表达ACADL稳定株和对照组细胞4 h后,通过ELISA和qRTPCR检测TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10的表达情况。在RAW264.7细胞中加入beta氧化抑制因子etomoxir预处理,ELISA检测TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10的表达情况。结果在巨噬细胞极化过程中ACADL蛋白量先减少再增加;过表达ACADL的细胞中,IL-6和IL-10分泌量及mRNA水平均显著高于对照组(P0.001):beta氧化抑制因子etomoxir能够减少RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子。结论 ACADL能增强巨噬细胞IL-6和IL-10的分泌,其作用机制可能是通过beta氧化影响炎性细胞因子的表达。     

冬凌草甲素介导Notch信号通路对IgA肾病大鼠肾组织损伤及炎症因子、氧化应激的影响

目的观察冬凌草甲素对IgA肾病(IgAN)大鼠肾组织损伤及炎症因子、氧化应激的影响。方法将60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组(IgAN)、低、中、高剂量冬凌草甲素组(5、10、20 mg/kg)及阳性对照组(10 mg/kg贝那普利),采用BCA法检测24 h尿蛋白含量,肌酐酶法检测血清肌酐(Scr)含量,脲酶连续监测法检测尿素氮(BUN)含量,HE染色观察肾组织病理损伤,生化试剂盒检测肾组织炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α及氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)],蛋白印迹检测Notch1信号通路蛋白表达。另取40只大鼠随机分为假手术组、IgAN组、Notch1激活剂Jagged1组及Jagged1+冬凌草甲素组(20 mg/kg),观察各组大鼠上述指标的变化。结果与IgAN组比较,中、高剂量冬凌草甲素组和贝那普利组24 h尿蛋白、血清Scr、BUN、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、MDA、Notch1及Hes1表达降低,SOD、GSH-Px水平升高(P<0.05),且高剂量冬凌草甲素组与贝那普利组上述指标比较,...     

高交感活性诱导的大鼠心肌损伤模型中氧化应激的受体调控机制*

 目的：研究高交感活性诱发大鼠心肌损伤的氧化应激受体调控机制。方法：Sprague-Dawley (SD)大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、普萘洛尔（Pro) 组、哌唑嗪(Praz)组、普萘洛尔+哌唑嗪 (Pro+Praz) 组、维生素E(VE)组及普萘洛尔+哌唑嗪+维生素E (Pro+Praz+VE) 组,除对照组外其余各组均腹腔注射去甲肾上腺素(NE) 复制高交感活性引起的心肌损伤模型,同时灌胃给予相应药物,连续给药16 d,期间监测各组动物体重的变化。16 d后进行心室重构指标（心指数和羟脯氨酸含量）、病理组织学检查、氧化/抗氧化指标（MDA、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和T-AOC）和能量代谢指标（Na+-K+ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+ATPase）分析。结果：从第9天开始,模型组动物体重与对照组的比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,心指数和左心室肥厚明显增加,氧化/抗氧化和能量代谢障碍;Pro、Praz、Pro+Praz和VE各组均出现不同程度的动物体重、心指数、左心室肥厚和氧化/抗氧化失衡的改善;Pro、Praz和Pro+Praz能明显升高左心室Na+-K+ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+ATPase的活性,Pro+Praz作用最明显（P<0.05）。结论：肾上腺素受体依赖是高交感活性诱导心肌氧化应激损伤的重要途径。     

Suppression of apoptosis and oxidative stress by deprenyl and estradiol in aged rat liver

Aging is accompanied by significant structural and functional transformations of all organs and systems. Age-associated increase in apoptotic behavior may cause disease. Older cells are more susceptible to endogenous oxidative damage, and oxidative stress is a potent inducer of apoptosis. Deprenyl is an irreversible monoamine-oxidase B inhibitor which has anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects. Estrogen is also a neuroprotective and anti-oxidant hormone. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the anti-oxidative effects of deprenyl can suppress apoptotic activity, with or without estradiol, in aged female rat livers. In this study, ovariectomized female Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups as follows; young (3 months old) saline-treated control, aged (24 months old) saline-treated control, aged deprenyl treated, aged estradiol treated, aged deprenyl plus estradiol treated and aged sham controls. All rats except for the sham group were treated for 21 days. Determination of oxidative stress parameters was performed spectrophotometrically. To detect apoptotic cells, TUNEL staining was performed. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni test. Deprenyl and estradiol administration, alone or in combination, decreased significantly the levels of lipid peroxidation and increased superoxide dismutase activity in the liver relative to aged control and sham rats (P<0.05). The number of TUNEL positive cells decreased significantly in deprenyl and estradiol-treated rats compared with aged control and sham rats. The results indicate that deprenyl treatment alone, or in combination with estradiol, may modulate age-related apoptotic changes in rat liver by decreasing oxidative stress.     

Inflammatory and oxidative stress in rotavirus infection

Rotaviruses are the single leading cause of life-threatening diarrhea affecting children under 5 years of age. Rotavirus entry into the host cell seems to occur by sequential interactions between virion proteins and various cell surface molecules. The entry mechanisms seem to involve the contribution of cellular molecules having binding, chaperoning and oxido-reducing activities. It appears to be that the receptor usage and tropism of rotaviruses is determined by the species, cell line and rotavirus strain. Rotaviruses have evolved functions which can antagonize the host innate immune response, whereas are able to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. A networking between ER stress, inflammation and oxidative stress is suggested, in which release of calcium from the ER increases the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to toxic accumulation of ROS within ER and mitochondria. Sustained ER stress potentially stimulates inflammatory response through unfolded protein response pathways. However, the detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms underpinning these rotavirus-induced stressful conditions is still lacking. The signaling events triggered by host recognition of virus-associated molecular patterns offers an opportunity for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with rotavirus infection. The use of N-acetylcysteine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and PPARγ agonists to inhibit rotavirus infection opens a new way for treating the rotavirus-induced diarrhea and complementing vaccines.     

Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of green tea polyphenols against azathioprine-induced liver injury in rats

Green tea polyphenols (GTP) is considered to have protective effects against several diseases. The hepatotoxicity of azathioprine (AZA) has been reported and was found to be associated with oxidative damage. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of GTP to protect against AZA-induced liver injury in rats. AZA was administered i.p. in a single dose (50 mg kg⁻¹) to adult male rats. AZA-intoxicated rats were orally administered GTP (either 100 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ or 300 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹, for 21 consecutive days, started 7 days prior AZA injection).AZA administration to rats resulted in significant elevation of serum transaminases (sALT and sAST), alkaline phosphatase (sALP), depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), accumulation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), elevation of lipid peroxides (LPO) expressed as malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction of the hepatic total antioxidant activity (TAA), decrease serum total proteins and elevation of liver protein carbonyl content. Significant rises in liver tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3 levels were noticed in AZA-intoxicated rats. Treatment of the AZA-intoxicated rats with GTP significantly prevented the elevations of sALT, sAST and sALP, inhibited depletion of hepatic GSH, GPx, CAT and GSSG and inhibited MDA accumulation. Furthermore, GTP had normalized serum total proteins and hepatic TAA, CAT, TNF-α and caspase-3 levels of AZA-intoxicated rats. In addition, GTP prevented the AZA-induced apoptosis and liver injury as indicated by the liver histopathological analysis. The linear regression analysis showed significant correlation in either AZA-GTP100 or AZA-GTP300 groups between TNF-α and each of serum ALT, AST, ALP and total proteins and liver TAA, GPX, CAT, GSH, GSSG, MDA and caspase-3 levels. However, liver TNF-α produced non-significant correlation with the serum total proteins in both AZA-GTP100 and AZA-GTP300 groups.In conclusion, our data indicate that GTP protects against AZA-induced liver injury in rats through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic mechanisms. However, further merit investigations are needed to verify these results and to assess the efficacy of GTP therapy to counteract the liver injury and oxidative stress status.     

Sesamin ameliorates oxidative liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rat

Sesamin is naturally occurring lignan from sesame oil with putative antioxidant property. The present study was designed to investigate the protective role of sesamin against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative liver injury. Male Wistar albino rats (180-200 g) were divided in to 5 groups (n=6). Hepatotoxicity was induced by the administration of CCl₄ (0.1 ml/100 g bw., 50% v/v with olive oil) intraperitoneally. Sesamin was administered in two different dose (5 and 10 ml/kg bw) to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity. Sesamin significantly reduced the elevated serum liver marker enzymes (P<0.0001). Reduction of TBARS (P<0.01 and P<0.001) followed by enhancement of GSH., SOD and catalase (P<0.0001) in liver homogenate in sesamin treated groups shows the amelioration of oxidative stress induced by CCl₄. Histopathological report also supported the hepatoprotection offered by sesamin. Sesamin effects in both the dose were in comparable to reference standard drug silymarin. From these above findings it has been concluded that sesamin ameliorate the oxidative liver injury in terms of reduction of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of liver antioxidant enzymes.     

The protective effects of carnosine and melatonin in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat liver

The reperfusion following liver ischemia results in hepatocyte damage and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two antioxidant agents, carnosine and melatonin, in rat liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine. Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion. Sinusoidal dilatation, congestion and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the ischemia-reperfusion group while these symptoms were less pronounced in the treatment groups. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and myeloperoxidase levels were increased in the ischemia-reperfusion group while they were lowered in the treatment groups. Glutathione level was low in the ischemia-reperfusion group while it tended to increase in the ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine administered and ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine+melatonin administered groups. There was an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the ischemia-reperfusion group while this number was lowered in the treatment groups. Carnosine was more effective than melatonin in the reversal of structural and biochemical alterations that resulted from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The administration of melatonin and carnosine together yielded better outcomes compared to the sole administration of each agent.     

利拉鲁肽通过p38 MAPK通路改善高同型半胱氨酸血症诱导的大鼠海马氧化应激及炎症损伤

目的:探讨胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)类似物利拉鲁肽(Lir)对高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hhcy)大鼠海马损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为对照(Ctrl)组、模型(Hhcy)组、Lir低剂量(12.5μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1))组、Lir中剂量(25.0μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1))组和Lir高剂量(37.5μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1))组,采用Western blot法检测大鼠海马组织内丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路中p38、JNK和ERK1/2的蛋白表达及活性依赖的磷酸化水平,同时采用Western blot和免疫组织化学法检测内质网应激标志蛋白免疫球蛋白重链结合蛋白(BIP)和C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)的表达水平;采用酶标法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;酶联免疫吸附法检测炎症因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平。结果:Hhcy可明显上调p-p38、BIP和CHOP的蛋白表达量,降低SOD和GSH的活性,升高MDA含量及IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平;腹腔注射Lir可浓度依赖性地改善Hhcy引起的上述内质网应激和炎症反应,并伴有p38 MAPK通路的抑制。结论:Lir可改善Hhcy诱导的大鼠海马组织氧化应激和炎症损伤,其机制可能与抑制p38 MAPK信号通路的过度激活有关。