复杂锁骨下动脉窃血的CT血管成像研究

目的探讨头颈CT血管成像(CTA)识别复杂锁骨下动脉窃血途径的可行性。方法回顾性分析31例锁骨下动脉闭塞性病变患者头颈CTA扫描结果,识别复杂锁骨下动脉窃血途径。结果 31例患者锁骨下动脉均呈重度狭窄或闭塞。CTA显示,31例患者出现复杂锁骨下动脉窃血途径9条,其中咽升动脉-椎动脉-锁骨下动脉1例;枕动脉-椎动脉-颈升动脉-甲状颈干-锁骨下动脉窃血1例;枕动脉-颈升动脉-甲状颈干-锁骨下动脉窃血2例;枕动脉-颈浅动脉-甲状颈干-锁骨下动脉窃血1例;甲状腺上动脉-甲状腺下动脉-甲状颈干-锁骨下动脉窃血4例;对侧甲状颈干-对侧肩胛上动脉-患侧肩胛上动脉-甲状颈干-锁骨下动脉窃血4例;枕动脉-颈深动脉-肋颈干-锁骨下动脉窃血11例;降主动脉-第三肋动脉-最上肋间动脉-肋颈干-锁骨下动脉窃血5例;胸廓内动脉-锁骨下动脉窃血1例。结论头颈CTA可准确识别复杂锁骨下动脉闭塞性病变的窃血途径。     

复合手术治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的降主动脉病变

目的:评估一期覆膜支架置入合并腋-腋动脉人工血管转流治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的降主动脉病变的近期效果。方法:2009年4月至2014年8月,因降主动脉病变累及左锁骨下动脉在我院行一期杂交手术(右腋动脉-左腋动脉转流+降主动脉支架型人工血管置入术+左锁骨下动脉近端封堵术)共有20例(男性17例,女性3例)患者,对所有患者随访至2016年10月,随访时间26~87个月,平均(51.0±18.1)个月。评估30d内病死率,内漏发生率,转流血管远期并发症。结果:所有手术在杂交手术室完成,围手术期无死亡,2例因近端内漏行开胸手术,1例因远端新发破口行主动脉夹层腔内修复术。结论:一期杂交手术治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的降主动脉病变近期效果良好,但不适合破口位于主动脉弓部大弯侧紧邻左锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层,这类患者容易发生近端内漏,左锁骨下动脉近端塞子的置入有效构成了转流血管两端的压力差,有利于转流血管的通畅。远期效果还需要大样本量的进一步随访。     

主髂动脉闭塞手术方式的选择

目的 :探讨腹主动脉下段及髂动脉闭塞手术方式的选择。方法 :对我院 1996年 3月至 2 0 0 2年 1月 4 8例主髂动脉闭塞病例进行回顾性总结。结果 :行主 髂 (股 )动脉人工血管转流术 15例 ,髂 股动脉人工血管转流术 10例。髂动脉内膜剥脱术 1例 ,股 -股动脉人工血管转流术 10例 ,腋 -股动脉人工血管转流术 12例。均得到随访。总有效率 95 8% ,围手术期死亡率 4 17%。人工血管通畅率81 2 %。结论 :解剖途径人工血管转流术是治疗本病的首选方法 ,以获得较高的通畅率。对于高龄、体弱者 ,特别是全身一般情况差 ,合并高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、肺气肿等慢性病的患者 ,应采用解剖外途径人工血管转流术 ,以减低手术死亡率     

“象鼻”支架术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层胸主动脉腔内修复术后Ⅰ型内漏

目的:回顾应用支架"象鼻"术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)术后Ⅰ型内漏的临床效果。方法:2009年3月至2013年1月,首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院,收治的Stanford B型主动脉夹层TEVAR术后Ⅰ型内漏12例患者进行回顾性分析。12例患者均为男性,平均年龄(50.2±6.2)岁,平均身高(171.92±4.98)cm,平均体质量(77.50±8.43)kg,所有患者均无相关家族遗传病史,均有高血压病史,与第一次TEVAR术间隔时间平均34.4个月。支架"象鼻"术均在全麻体外循环下进行。如漏口暴露清楚,可缝闭漏口;如置入支架裸区妨碍象鼻支架缝合,可剪除部分裸露部分金属支架或将置入支架取出;如漏口累及左锁骨下动脉开口,可将左锁骨下动脉近端缝闭,截断左锁骨下动脉,其远端与左颈总动脉行端侧吻合,建立左颈总动脉至左锁骨下动脉转流或8mm人工血管行升主动脉至左腋动脉或左锁骨下动脉转流。于之前置入的支架内置入26~30mm Microport术中支架血管,覆盖内漏破口。术后随访6~48个月,平均6.53个月。结果:12例支架"象鼻"术均为择期手术,其中7例患者漏口位置累及左锁骨下动脉,4例剪除置入支架金属裸区;1例将置入支架取出;3例术中支架血管近端吻合于左锁骨下动脉以远,8例吻合于左颈总动脉与左锁骨下动脉之间;4例同期行左颈总动脉至左锁骨下动脉转流术;2例行升主动脉-左锁骨下动脉转流术;2例行升主动脉-左腋动脉转流术;1例患者因合并二尖瓣关闭不全同期行二尖瓣置换术;1例合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的患者同期行升主动脉-右腋动脉转流术。12例患者手术时间为平均(5.92±1.14)小时,平均住院时间为(21.92±9.14)天,2例患者术后出现围术期并发症,其中1例胸骨哆开,行再次胸骨固定痊愈;1例术前肾功能不全,术后出现急性肾衰竭,经透析治疗后肾功能恢复。本组患者均顺利出院。所有患者术后内漏均消失,术后随访6~48个月,平均6.53个月,均无复发。在术后随访期间,3例患者支架远端病变需再次处理,1例患者术后7个月出现支架感染、咯血、死亡。结论:应用支架"象鼻"术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层TEVAR术后Ⅰ型内漏,有较好的临床疗效,但远期效果仍需进一步观察。     

彩色多谱勒超声诊断锁骨下动脉窃血综合征12例分析

锁骨下动脉窃血综合征临床比较少见，文献报道不多。我们采用回顾性分析法，对12例锁骨下动脉窃血综合征患者彩色多谱勒超声二维图像、彩色血流和频谱形态及相关血流参数进行分析，现报告如下。     

右位主动脉弓伴DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的手术治疗

目的:总结右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉伴DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的外科治疗经验.方法:4例右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉伴DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者,经右后外侧切口,分别行部分胸降主动脉切除人工血管替换术或部分胸降主动脉切除人工血管替换加远端胸降主动脉成形术,并根据迷走左锁骨下动脉在头部及上肢血供中起的作用大小,重建左锁骨下动脉或缝闭其开口.结果:所有患者均痊愈出院,无头部及左上肢缺血症状,无神经系统并发症.结论:右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉伴DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层采用右后外侧切口可获得良好的显露,根据降主动脉扩张范围行部分胸降主动脉切除人工血管替换术或部分胸降主动脉切除人工血管替换加远端胸降主动脉成形术可获得良好效果,迷走左锁骨下动脉的适当处理是避免左上肢坏死及锁骨下动脉窃血综合征的关键.     

杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层

目的:总结应用常温非体外循环下升主动脉-主动脉弓分支血管搭桥及主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层的优势。方法:对6例Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层患者进行常温非体外循环杂交手术治疗。6例均先行旁路搭桥后,再行主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入术。其中3例为右优势型椎动脉,仅行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术;2例为左优势型椎动脉,行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术后,再行左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉搭桥术;1例为均衡型椎动脉,先行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术及主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入后,患者出现"盗血综合征",遂行左颈总动脉-左腋动脉人工血管搭桥术。结果:6例患者手术均获得成功,术后无偏瘫、截瘫、严重感染、凝血障碍及脑肺功能障碍等严重并发症,均治愈出院。出院前复查主动脉螺旋CT(64排),6例患者的搭桥人工血管及支架血管血流均通畅。术后随访6～12个月,6例患者恢复好,主动脉及人工血管血流良好。结论:常温非体外循环下升主动脉-主动脉弓分支血管搭桥及主动脉弓和降主动脉支架置入杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层,能简化传统外科治疗方法,避免深低温停循环对脑、肺等重要脏器的损伤,并能减少术后并发症和提高外科治疗效果。     

锁骨下动脉窃血综含征:血液动力学无害吗?

Rieich(1961)报导一种综合征,即锁骨下动脉或无名动脉近端损害引起同侧椎动脉血液倒流,Fishei称之为“锁骨下动脉窃血”综合征(Subclavian steal syndrome),即从对侧椎动脉把血液虹吸到患侧椎动脉,将基底动脉的血“窃走”。之后,有人认为这种窃血可自发地或在上肢运动后可引起脑干缺血和卒中。本文对500例颈部有杂音无症状的患者进行前瞻性随访观察,探讨锁骨下动脉窃血对人体血流动力学的影响。对象和方法:500例颈部有杂音无症状的患者,前瞻性随访4年(平均24个月,范围13～48月),定期按标准方法检查,包括神经系统有否新的症状、测定双臂血压、病人坐位颈部听诊以及颈、锁     

改良的锁骨下静脉穿刺方法

目的探讨改良的锁骨下静脉穿刺方法行锁骨下静脉穿刺,减少血胸、气胸和血气胸的发生。方法选择100例行射频消融的患者,应用改良的锁骨下静脉穿刺方法穿刺的患者做为观察组;100例应用传统的锁骨下静脉穿刺方法植入永久起搏器的患者为对照组,观察穿刺成功率和并发症的发生率。改良的锁骨下静脉穿刺方法:X线正位透视下距锁骨和第一肋的交界处外下方约1个穿刺针的距离进针,与皮肤成15~30度夹角。结果观察组穿刺成功97例,成功率97%,其中3例透视下穿刺未成功,经股静脉送指引导丝至腋静脉,导丝指引下穿刺成功,成功穿刺部位在X线正位透视下锁骨和第一肋交界处第一肋上缘以下、第二肋上缘以上约2~3cm2的范围内;3例穿刺未成功;3例曾误穿锁骨下动脉,手法压迫后无出血;1例误穿刺锁骨下动脉并置入5F鞘管,保留导丝拔除鞘管后压迫5min无出血,随后拔除导丝。对照组穿刺成功98例,成功率98%,2例改经透视下穿刺腋静脉成功;误穿锁骨下动脉6例,1例发生血气胸,其余5例手法压迫后无出血;气胸2例。观察组患者血胸、气胸或血气胸的发生率低于对照组(0vs 3%,P0.01)。结论改良的锁骨下静脉穿刺是一种安全的穿刺方法,无血胸、气胸和血气胸的发生。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断老年锁骨下动脉盗血综合征患者血流变化特点的研究

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声观察老年锁骨下动脉盗血综合征患者椎动脉及上肢动脉的血流变化特点。方法选择56例老年锁骨下动脉盗血综合征患者,应用彩色多普勒超声检查患者的颈动脉、椎动脉、锁骨下动脉及腋动脉的内径、内膜中层厚度、血流方向及速度,观察动脉狭窄的部位、范围及程度。结果 56例老年锁骨下动脉盗血综合征患者最常见的原因是动脉粥样硬化;左侧锁骨下动脉盗血发生率较右侧高;部分性锁骨下动脉盗血18例,完全性38例。结论二维超声联合多普勒超声对椎动脉及上肢动脉的检查,可以明确诊断多数老年锁骨下动脉盗血综合征患者,并对盗血程度进行评估,是诊断老年锁骨下动脉盗血综合征患者的无创首选简便的检查方法。     

Preservation of interventricular septal function in patients having coronary artery bypass grafts without cardiopulmonary bypass

Abnormal interventricular septal motion develops in the majority of patients after cardiac surgery and has been attributed to a variety of causes. This study assesses the role of cardiopulmonary (CP) bypass in the genesis of abnormal septal motion. Twenty-two patients having single coronary artery bypass grafts had septal motion and ejection fraction evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. The results for 11 patients who had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with CP were compared to those for 11 patients who had grafting without CP bypass. Postoperatively, all 11 patients having bypass grafting with CP bypass had diminution in septal function while 10 of 11 patients having bypass grafting performed without CP bypass had no change or improvement in septal motion (p < 0.0005). Changes in ejection fraction were not statistically significantly different. This study suggests that abnormal septal motion in patients having CABG is related to CP bypass and/or myocardial preservation techniques.     

Medium-term results of 200 consecutive systematic operations for revascularization of the anterior interventricular artery by the internal mammary artery

This study presents the preliminary results of systematic revascularisation of the left anterior descending (LAD) by the internal mammary (IM) artery. Between 1981 and 1983, 200 IM bypass procedures were performed (88.5% of bypassed LAD arteries during the same period). With experience, the contraindications of IM bypass surgery progressively decreased (none in the latter 100 cases). The IM bypass grafting was an isolated procedure in 35% of cases and associated with one or more saphenous vein (SV) bypass grafts in 64.5% of cases with an average of 1.9 grafts per patient. The surgical results were better than those of SV bypass grafting alone in the period 1978-1980 with a mortality of 2.5% and a perioperative infarction rate of 2.5% compared to 4.3% and 7% respectively. The medium term results (average follow up 2.5 years) show that more patients undergoing IM bypass surgery were asymptomatic (75%) than those undergoing SV bypass (46%). However, the patients operated more recently by IM bypass benefitted from the latest technical advances in bypass surgery. An unselected sample of 55 volunteers (out of 90 recalled patients) underwent angiography at 1 year. The patency rate was 93% with a very satisfactory angiographic appearance of the graft in nearly all patients suggesting the likelihood of a good long term result. It was possible to demonstrate graft patency by Doppler ultrasound and digitised intravenous angiography in some cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

胸腔镜辅助微创单支冠状动脉旁路移植术8例

目的 研究胸腔镜辅助下经胸壁小切口非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的应用及效果。方法 8例患者在胸腔镜电视系统监测下经第4肋间前外侧小切口采集乳内动脉。并经此小切口直视下切开心包,显露左前降支,进行非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植。结果 第2肋间至第6肋间节段的乳内动脉可顺利游离,时间平均为38min,吻合完成后检测旁路血管流量满意,无围术期心肌梗死及手术死亡。患者均于术后9～12d出院。随访3～23个月所有患者均无心绞痛症状。结论 胸腔镜电视系统监视提供了良好的视野,明显降低了经第4肋间小切口游离第2、6肋间乳内动脉的难度,可以获取足够长度的血管,通过小切口即可完成旁路移植。手术近期效果良好。     

Thoracic outlet syndrome: Follow-up on 33 cases with regard to vascular compression

This follow-up study on 33 operations performed for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) proves high efficiency in relieving neurological and arterial symptoms, whereas benefit to venous compression is somewhat less. Twenty-six patients (average age was 36 years) were operated on for TOS, seven of them on both sides. There was a higher incidence in females. All patients showed neurological symptoms. In 15, operations on various entrapment syndromes of the upper extremity were performed previously. Six patients presented with an incomplete resection of the first rib. Arterial compression symptoms were evident in 15 cases, symptoms of venous compression in 14 limbs. All patients underwent a resection of the first rib, bilateral in seven cases, using the axillary and supraclavicular approach. In seven patients, a cervical rib and scalenus muscles were resected additionally, in three patients bilaterally. In two cases a neurolysis of the brachial plexus was performed. Using the supraclavicular approach, no complications occurred. In one early patient using the transaxillary approach to a postoperative hemothorax required a revision. Neurological results after surgery showed a total release in 26 limbs (n=33). In 14 limbs (n=15) with arterial compression symptoms and in 6 (n=14) with symptoms of venous compression the operation showed a curative effect.     

有、无体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后房颤原因的分析

目的:比较非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)与体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术(ECCABG)后房颤的发生率,并分析其原因。方法:OPCABG组75例,手术在全麻常温下进行;ECCABG组113例,手术在全麻低温体外循环下进行。结果:OPCABG组术后15例(20％)出现房颤,ECCABG组术后31例(27.4％)出现房颤。二组房颤发生率有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术术后房颤的发生率低于体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术术后的房颤发生率,但仍有较高的发生率。房颤发生的原因可能是术后侧支循环逐渐关闭,改变心房的血液分布,诱发心房内及其周围组织产生局灶激动,从而发生房颤。     

改良超滤在重症瓣膜病体外循环中的临床应用

目的总结重症心脏瓣膜病体外循环中使用改良超滤的临床经验,探讨提高早期生存率的措施。方法自2005年6月至2008年7月,对78例重症心脏瓣膜病行瓣膜置换术体外循环中加用改良超滤,其中单纯二尖瓣置换12例,二尖瓣置换十三尖瓣成形22例,单纯主动脉瓣置换8例,二尖瓣＋主动脉瓣置换＋三尖瓣成形35例,二尖瓣置换＋冠状动脉旁路移植术1例。复温开始超滤,在血液动力学基本稳定时,开始改良超滤,超滤时间和超滤量以红细胞压积来决定,根据患者的血容量、胶体渗透压、红细胞压积,选择超滤速度和滤出量。结果死亡6例,其中术后并发低心排血量5例,心室颤动治疗无效死亡1例,死亡率7．69％。随访53例,平均随访2．5年,死亡5例。结论改良超滤能高效超滤多余水分减少机体水肿和滤出炎症介质减少炎性反应,提高了左心室收缩功能及舒张顺应性,明显提高术后心指数、左室每搏功指数和每搏指数,减少术后早期尿量,缩短呼吸机辅助通气时间和重症监护时间,重症瓣膜病手术患者应用改良超滤会有效提高术后早期的预后。     

冠状动脉搭桥术27例临床分析

目的 报告应用冠状动脉搭桥手术(CABG)治疗冠心病的早期结果及分析。方法 对27例冠心病患者行冠状动脉搭桥术,应用体外循环(CCABG)21例,其中并发室壁瘤2例、瓣膜病1例;非体外循环(OPCAB)6例。结果 全组手术效果良好,27例患者术后心绞痛完全消失,无围手术期心肌梗死,无早期死亡。结论 CABG是治疗冠心病的有效方法,合理选择病例、充分的术前准备、娴熟的手术技术及良好的心肌保护是手术成功的关键,在条件具备时可选择性地进行非体外循环下搭桥术。     

自体桡动脉在老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植手术中的应用

目的探讨自体桡动脉材料在老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植手术中应用的临床特点。方法总结131例老年患者(60～76岁)和92例非老年患者(41～59岁)在施行冠状动脉旁路移植手术中应用自体桡动脉的临床资料，分析老年患者使用自体桡动脉作为移植材料的特点和获取后的变化。结果采用非体外循环技术的老年患者87例，非老年患者49例，采用体外循环技术的老年患者44例和非老年患者43例。老年组应用自体桡动脉134支，平均移植3．2支，动脉桥(桡动脉 内乳动脉)2．0支，死亡1例，死于术后恶性心率失常及严重低心排；非老年组应用自体桡动脉94支，平均移植3．2支，动脉桥(桡动脉 内乳动脉)2．0支。两组均未发生术后移植血管痉挛、手臂缺血坏死或功能减退。结论自体桡动脉在老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用可获得较好的近期临床效果。     

Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with dialysis-dependent renal failure

Myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events constitute the leading causes of death in dialysis-dependent, end-stage renal disease patients. Due to growth in the elderly population, the number of uremic patients who need surgical revascularization is likely to increase. Whether or not coronary artery bypass grafting is safe for patients on long-term dialysis remains a great concern. We retrospectively reviewed all cases of elective or urgent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in our hospital, from 1 January 1998 through 31 March 2003, and identified 23 consecutive patients with dialysis-dependent renal disease (Group D). Twenty-two of them were on hemodialysis, and 1 was on peritoneal dialysis; the mean duration of dialysis was 19.2 +/- 22.5 months. We chose 69 matched non-dialysis patients who underwent bypass grafting in 2001 to serve as our control group (ND). Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data on these patients were compared. Group D consisted of 14 men and 9 women with a mean age of 63.8 +/- 9.9 years, and the mean number of distal anastomoses was 3.5 +/- 1.2. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in preoperative factors, intubation time, intensive care unit stay, major complications, and 30-day mortality. However, uremic patients had a greater tendency to bleed, longer postoperative hospital stays, and more late deaths. We conclude that under a well-prepared dialysis program and meticulous perioperative management, coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed in dialysis-dependent patients, with increased but acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality risks.     

Thallium Scintigraphy in Prediction of Occlusion of Bypass Grafts in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Patients

ABSTRACT To evaluate thallium scintigraphy in predicting coronary artery bypass graft patency, exercise thallium scintigraphy and selective graft and native vessel angiograms were performed in 22 asymptomatic and 29 symptomatic consecutive patients three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Twelve out of 22 asymptomatic patients (55%) had reversible thallium defects on postoperative images; in 10 patients the postoperative scans were normal. The graft patency was significantly lower in asymptomatic patients with abnormal thallium perfusion compared to those with normal perfusion after CABG (68% vs. 91%. p<0.05). The rate of graft patency in symptomatic patients was 66/87 (76%). Thallium scintigraphy was 77% sensitive and 78% specific in detecting one or more stenosed or occluded bypass grafts in patients without angina (accuracy 77%). When data from exercise electrocardiography were combined with scintigraphy, all but one patient with incomplete revascularization could be detected (positive predictive accuracy 92%). In symptomatic patients, thallium scintigraphy accurately predicted the presence or absence of graft occlusion in 24/29 (83%) cases. Thus, abnormal myocardial perfusion due to stenosis or occlusion of bypass grafts is common in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients after CABG. Thallium scintigraphy together with exercise electrocardiography appear to be useful non-invasive methods in detecting painless myocardial ischemia and in predicting bypass graft occlusion after CABG.