呼和浩特地区学龄前儿童肥胖现状及危险因素分析

目的调查呼和浩特市学龄前(3~6岁)儿童肥胖症的发生率及生活方式、饮食习惯等因素与儿童肥胖的关系,为制定儿童肥胖干预策略提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,随机抽取呼和浩特地区6所幼儿园的2 800名在园儿童进行体格检查、身高和体重的测量,以WHO规定的标准体重加2s作为肥胖的判断标准。同时对这些儿童进行生活方式、运动情况和饮食习惯等的问卷调查,分析引起儿童肥胖可能的危险因素。结果呼和浩特地区学龄前儿童超重率为15.3%,肥胖率为19.29%。其中男童肥胖率(23.8%)高于女童肥胖率(14.6%);城市儿童肥胖率(22.7%),高于农村肥胖率(13.6%);3~6岁各年龄组儿童肥胖发生率差异无统计学意义。分析显示:母亲孕期体重增长过高、高出生体重、人工喂养、父母超重、爱吃零食、喜吃肉类、常食用快餐食物,进食速度快、运动少及玩电脑看电视时间过长是儿童肥胖的危险因素。结论呼和浩特地区学龄前儿童肥胖率较高,儿童肥胖的发生与家庭环境、饮食习惯及遗传等因素密切相关,应加强早期干预,控制儿童肥胖的发生。     

中日两国幼儿肥胖及其影响因素调查

目的为了调查中日两国幼儿肥胖发病情况及影响因素.方法 对中国上海市和日本立川市的3～4岁各1000余名幼儿测定身高和体重,并进行了肥胖及其影响因素的调查.结果 中国上海市幼儿超重率和肥胖率分别为11 .7%和4.3%,已接近于日本立川市的幼儿超重率(14.6%)和肥胖率(5.0%).幼儿出生体重过重喜食肉类和乳制品、就餐时间无规律、活动过少等因素会增加肥胖程度;双亲肥胖家庭的幼儿容易发生肥胖.结论 幼儿肥胖受到遗传和环境因素的双重影响,中国上海市幼儿肥胖已成为一个值得重视的卫生问题.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Greek school-aged children and adolescents

The aim of the present study, which was part of the Health Behavior in School Aged Children (HBSC) study, was to provide national estimates for overweight and obesity in Greek school-aged children and adolescents. A nationwide multistage procedure was followed to obtain a representative sample of children and adolescents aged 11.5, 13.5 and 15.5 y. The resultant sample consisted of 4299 students, 51.3% girls and 48.7% boys. Self-reported weight and height data were used. According to the body mass index cutoff points adopted by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), 9.1% of girls and 21.7% of boys were classified as overweight, and 1.2% of girls and 2.5% of boys as obese. Corresponding values using CDC growth charts were 8.1% of girls and 18.8% of boys for overweight, and 1.7% of girls and 5.8% of boys for obese. Compared to most other western countries, the prevalence of obesity is lower in Greek children aged 11-16 y.     

Obesity, fitness and health in Taiwanese children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity in Taiwan and investigate the association between excess weight and physical fitness and blood pressure. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 13 935 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years (boys: 7031, girls: 6904) were involved in the 1999 survey and 24 586 (boys: 12 367, girls: 12 219) were available in the 2001 survey. MEASUREMENTS: Weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and health-related fitness tests (bent-leg curl-ups, sit-and-reach test and step test) were measured. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of obesity (including overweight) in boys was 19.8% in 1999 and 26.8% in 2001. It was lower in girls with 15.2% in 1999 and 16.5% in 2001. The normal weight group performed better (P<0.05) than the overweight/obese group in all fitness tests except in the 2001 sit-and-reach test where there were no differences between the two groups. The risk of hypertension increased nearly two times for the overweight/obese-fit group and nearly three times for the overweight/obese-unfit group compared to the normal weight-fit group (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.93, 95%CI=1.514-2.451 and AOR=2.93, 95%CI=2.493-3.454, respectively). CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings demonstrated that there is an increasing trend in overweight/obesity prevalence for Taiwanese youth even in a 2-year period. The overweight/obese youngsters tend to have poorer muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance than the normal weight group. The overweight/obese and unfit group had a greater risk of hypertension than other groups. However, this risk was significantly lower if obese/overweight children had a higher than average level of cardiovascular fitness.     

张家口市卫华小学7~12岁儿童肥胖与血压及肺活量的相关分析

目的 了解张家口市卫华小学7~12岁儿童肥胖发生情况,分析儿童期肥胖与血压及肺活量的关系。 方法 于2012年9月通过整群抽样的方法,对张家口市卫华小学1 530名儿童进行体重、身高、血压、肺活量等相关指标进行测量。计算体质指数(body mass index,BMI),依据BMI值筛查超重、肥胖儿童,统计分析肥胖与血压水平及肺活量的关系。结果 受检人群总体超重检出率为13.01%,肥胖检出率为14.25%,其中男童、女童超重检出率分别为17.2%和8.31%,男童、女童肥胖检出率分别为14.23%和8.59%,男童超重、肥胖检出率均显著高于女童(P<0.01);超重和肥胖儿童的收缩压和舒张压水平均显著高于体重正常儿童(P<0.01),且超重、肥胖和体重正常儿童高血压检出率分别为10.55%、39.95%和4.85%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);当儿童BMI<30时,BMI与肺活量呈正相关,当BMI≥30时,BMI与肺活量呈负相关。 结论张家口市卫华小学儿童超重、肥胖流行趋势显著,男童更为突出;随着肥胖程度的增加,儿童的收缩压和舒张压水平呈现上升趋势,高血压检出率增加;当儿童BMI≥30时,肥胖已影响肺功能。提示儿童超重、肥胖使心、肺功能降低,预防和控制儿童肥胖刻不容缓。     

上海静安区学龄前儿童超重肥胖及高血压流行现状

目的 了解上海静安区学龄前儿童超重、肥胖及高血压的流行现状,为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法 以参加2017年上海静安区幼儿园体检的3 608名3~7岁学龄前儿童为研究对象,按照世界卫生组织儿童生长发育标准和中国儿童青少年血压参考标准进行超重肥胖和高血压的调查,采用SPSS 24.0进行统计学分析。结果 上海市静安区3~7岁学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的总检出率分别为9.3%和9.2%,男童肥胖检出率高于女童,6~7岁儿童超重及肥胖检出率高于其余年龄组(P＜0.05),而超重检出率的性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高血压的总检出率为1.5%,男童高于女童,肥胖儿童高血压检出率显著高于超重及非超重肥胖儿童(P＜0.001),而高血压检出率的年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 上海市静安区学龄前儿童超重、肥胖检出率较高,相关慢性病的预防应早在学龄前期进行。     

Overweight and obesity in children from Shenzhen, Peoples Republic of China

We describe overweight and obesity prevalence in Shenzhen school children (2146 girls and 2428 boys) aged 7 to 12 years, Guangdong Province, China. Nineteen percent of boys and 11% of girls were overweight or obese. Boys had odds of almost 2 to 1 (1.92, 95% CI 1.62,2.27) of being overweight or obese compared to girls and children aged 9 years and over were at greater odds of being overweight or obese than those aged 7 years (p<0.05). Overweight and obesity prevalence among children from Shenzhen rivals that of children from developed nations. Current obesity levels in Shenzhen may represent future levels for urban China.     

Obesity rates among rural Ontario schoolchildren

BACKGROUND: The majority of existing studies of obesity risk among Canadian children come from urban populations. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of obesity in a sample of rural Ontario children. METHODS: Measures of height and weight were obtained for 504 children attending seven public elementary schools in Grey and Bruce Counties, a predominantly rural area of Southern Ontario. Body mass index (BMI, or weight/height2) scores were calculated and compared with reference data from the Centers for Disease Control. RESULTS: Rates of overweight and obesity were high in this sample, with 17.7% of children classified as overweight and 10.9% classified as obese. There was a significantly high prevalence of overweight for both boys (17.8%) and girls (17.5%) (Chi-square = 75.70, p < 0.001). However there was a significant gender difference in obesity prevalence: 15.0% of boys were obese, compared with 6.8% of girls (Mann-Whitney U = 29133.0, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that among rural children--particularly boys--risk of overweight and obesity are at least as high as in their urban Canadian counterparts. There appear to be fewer girls than boys at the extreme high end of the distribution of BMI, which may indicate differences in the growth environment of rural boys and girls.     

A comparison of self-reported and measured height,weight and BMI in Australian adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between self-reported weight and height to actual weight and height in older Australian adolescents. METHOD: Weights and heights of 572 adolescents aged 15-19 years who participated in the 1995 Australian National Health Survey (NHS) and National Nutrition Survey (NNS) were examined. RESULTS: Self-reported heights were significantly higher than measured heights in participants. There were no differences in the accuracy of self-reported heights among the adolescents by gender. Self-reported weights were significantly lower than measured weights among both boys and girls (p < 0.01). There were no differences in the accuracy of self-reported weights among the boys and girls. Differences between actual weight and self-reported weight were significantly greater for overweight or obese adolescents compared with normal/underweight adolescents (p < 0.01). The use of self-reported weight and height resulted in the correct classification of overweight or obesity in 69% boys and 70% of girls. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant gender difference in reporting weight and height in older adolescents. Bias in reporting weight and height was much higher in overweight or obese adolescents than normal/underweight adolescents. IMPLICATIONS: The percentage of misclassification of overweight or obesity from self-reported data in this study was 31% for boys and 30% for girls, respectively. Therefore, the self-reported weight and height of older adolescents needs to be more cautiously utilised. Efforts to improve the accuracy of self-reporting in older adolescents are needed if this measure is to be reliable.     

丽水市城区学龄前儿童体重指数与体质健康的相关性研究

目的 了解学龄前儿童体重指数(BMI)与体质健康指标的相关性,为提高学龄前儿童健康状况提供依据。方法 2020年9—10月对丽水市城区幼儿园进行分类,随机抽取25所幼儿园中3 484名3～6岁在园儿童进行体格测量,以及体质健康指标10 m往返跑、网球掷远、走平衡木、双脚连续跳、立定跳远、坐位体前屈6个项目监测,按照我国“2～6岁儿童BMI标准”进行BMI评价,按“国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)”进行体质监测综合评定,用方差分析等方法,分析不同BMI与学龄前儿童体质健康指标的相关性。结果 3 484名儿童中,男童1 860名(53.39%),女童1 624名(46.61%),根据BMI评价,消瘦77人(2.21%),正常体重2 765人(79.36%),超重424人(12.17%),肥胖218人(6.26%),男女童BMI分布差异有统计学意义(χ²=77.356,P<0.001)。消瘦、正常体重、超重、肥胖这四组儿童的体质监测不合格率分别为38.96%、7.63%、13.44%、31.65%。不同BMI的四组儿童间比较,在体质监测的坐位体前屈、立定跳远、网球...     

Accuracy of maternal reports of pre-schoolers' weights and heights as estimates of BMI values

BACKGROUND: Data is lacking on the reliability of weight and height for young children as reported by parents participating in population-based studies. We analysed the accuracy of parental reports of children's weights and heights as estimates of body mass index, and evaluated the factors associated with the misclassification of overweight and obese children. METHODS: Analyses were conducted on a population-based birth cohort of 1549 4-year-old children from the province of Québec (Canada) in 2002. Mothers reported weights and heights for the children as part of the regular annual data collection. Within the following 3 months, children's weights and heights were measured at home as part of a nutrition survey. RESULTS: This study indicates that mothers overestimate their children's weight more than their height, resulting in an overestimation of overweight children of more than 3% in the studied population. Only 58% of the children were reported as overweight/obese with reported values. Maternal misreporting is more important for boys than girls, and for low socioeconomic status children compared with high socioeconomic status children. CONCLUSIONS: Research on the prevalence of overweight and obesity has often used self-reported measures of height and weight to estimate BMI. However, the results emphasize the importance of collecting measured data in childhood studies of overweight and obesity at the population level.     

Comparison of anthropometry and parent-reported height and weight among nine year olds

BACKGROUND: There is mounting evidence that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children is reaching epidemic proportions in North America. We compared parent-report vs. measured BMI overweight and obesity prevalence estimates among 9 year olds using the 1996 NLSCY reports published by Willms et al. (2003) and anthropometric measurements from a regional population of public school children. METHODS: Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for 1,497 9-year-old children (males N = 734; females N = 763) from 75 public schools in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada. BMI from the 1996 NLSCY was based on parental reports of height and weight of 879 nine year olds. To define overweight and obese children, we used internationally accepted age- and gender-specific cut-offs as defined by Cole et al. (2000). RESULTS: The NLSCY overweight prevalence estimates of boys and girls may overestimate overweight boys and girls by 17% and 10%, respectively. Measured obesity prevalence estimates were similar to parent-reports. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that parental reports of height and weight may inflate prevalence estimates of overweight children, but appear reasonably accurate for estimating obesity. Since prevalence of overweight and obesity are often combined to form a global estimate, reliance on parent-reported height and weight may overstate the magnitude of the problem.     

Overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents

The objective of this study is to obtain reliable data from recent studies concerned with obesity and its determinants in Portuguese children and adolescents. We searched in Medline/PubMed published data on overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents; search terms included “Portugal”, “overweight”, “obesity”, “children” and “adolescents”. We also conducted limited hand-searching of additional studies from PhD theses and other academic theses that addressed overweight or obesity in children and adolescents. Studies that considered body mass index based on self-reported weight and height were excluded. We identified 15 studies that reported overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Portugal, but 1 study was excluded because it included self-reported weight and height. The International Task Force Recommendation (IOTF) using Cole cut-offs was the most used criterion to estimate overweight and obesity, followed by the age- and sex-specific BMI reference percentiles developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The range of ages in these studies was between 2 and 15 years. There were some variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among studies and different regions. In children between 3 and 5 years of age, one study reported that overweight reached 13.6% in boys and 20.4% in girls, and obesity varied between 6.5% and 6.9%, respectively, in boys and girls. Between 6 and 10 years of age (using the IOTF definition), in boys, the prevalence of overweight varied from 14.7 to 30.5% and obesity from 5.3 to 13.2%; in girls, overweight values ranged from 16.5 to 29.1% and obesity from 6.4 to 12.6%. One study evaluated only adolescents that were born in 1990 (ages varied between 13 and 14 years) and reported both prevalences of overweight and obesity; the applied method was CDC criteria; in boys, the percentage of overweight was 16.9%, and obesity prevalence was 11.3%; in girls, overweight was 16.0% and the percentage of obese was 9.2%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents may be considered as alarming, and early intervention to prevent obesity is needed.     

西安市城区2009年7~18岁儿童、青少年超重和肥胖流行病学调查

【目的】 了解西安市城区儿童、青少年超重和肥胖的发病情况。 【方法】 随机整群抽取西安市城区7~18岁中小学生13 994人,采用体质指数(body mass index,BMI)诊断超重和肥胖。采用三次样条对西安市7~18岁儿童青少年体重、身高和BMI百分位数进行拟合,将身高,体重P₅₀,及BMI的P₈₅、P₉₅百分位数值与2005年中国全国标准进行比较。 【结果】 西安市城区7~18岁中小学生超重总发病率为10.42%,男生和女生分别为11.85%和8.83%;肥胖总发病率为4.67%,男生和女生分别为4.92%和4.40%。男生身高P₅₀值在10~15岁(除12岁)比全国标准稍低,男女体重和女生身高P₅₀中位数与全国数值基本接近;男生BMI的P₈₅、P₉₅数值与2005年全国水平基本接近;女生P₈₅和P₉₅值在14岁以前与全国水平基本接近,15岁后有所减低。 【结论】 西安市中小学肥胖发病率在17年间增加了一倍,制定预防儿童超重和肥胖的有效措施势在必行。     

安徽省泾县6867名幼儿园儿童体格发育与贫血状况评价

目的了解安徽省泾县3~7岁幼儿园儿童体格发育与贫血状况,为采取相应的干预措施,进一步改善幼儿园儿童的生长发育状况提供依据。方法利用2012年安徽省泾县儿童健康监测资料,对其23所幼儿园6 867名3~7岁儿童的健康检查资料进行分析。结果安徽省泾县3~7岁幼儿园儿童中,男童、女童的比例分别为52.5%、47.5%,身高在各年龄组上均有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,男童高于女童;男童和女童体重在5~7岁、6~7岁组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,男童体重高于女童,男童身高和体重以及女童体重仅在3~4岁组低于WHO推荐参考值,其余组均高于世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐参考值;3~7岁幼儿园儿童中,超重、肥胖检出率分别为14.7%、5.9%;消瘦、生长迟缓、慢性严重营养不良的检出率分别为2.0%、4.3%、0.1%;3~7岁幼儿园儿童贫血患病率为11.5%,以轻度贫血为主。结论安徽省泾县幼儿园儿童体格发育总体状况良好,但存在营养不足和营养过剩状况,且贫血患病率较高。应采取措施加以控制。     

我国六城市日托幼儿园儿童的生长发育状况

为了解儿童的生长发育状况 ,于 1998年春在北京、上海、广州、成都、长沙和大连分别调查 1～ 2所中等水平的幼儿园 3～ 6岁健康儿童 12 5 4名 ,其中男孩 6 32名 ,女孩 6 2 2名 ,幼儿园通常提供早、中、晚餐。调查结果显示 ,在某些年龄组既有营养不良又有超重的儿童。所检查儿童的生长发育水平与 1992年全国营养调查的城市平均结果和 1995年九市学龄前儿童的平均结果没有显著差异。超重 (WHZ >2 )的发生率为5 2 % ,肥胖 (WHZ >3)的发生率为 4 2 %。贫血发生率为 8 7% ,其中女孩的贫血发生率高于男孩 ,男孩为7 2 % ,女孩为 10 1%。结果提示 ,我国学龄前儿童的体格发育还没有达到满意的程度 ,这可能与儿童膳食中某些微量营养素长期供给不足有关     

中国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行特征

目的 分析我国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行情况,为制定肥胖防治策略提供科学依据。方法 利用"2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测"中6~17岁儿童青少年调查资料,分析我国儿童青少年超重肥胖现状。6岁儿童采用WHO 2007年推荐的分年龄性别BMI超重肥胖判定标准判定超重肥胖,7~17岁儿童青少年采用《中国学龄儿童青少年超重和肥胖预防与控制指南》中的分年龄、性别的BMI超重肥胖判定标准进行判定。结果 6~17岁儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为9.6%和6.4%,其中城市儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为11.0%（男生：12.8%,女生：9.0%）和7.7%（男生：9.7%,女生：5.5%）,农村儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为8.4%（男生：9.3%,女生：7.4%）和5.2%（男生：6.2%,女生：4.1%）。按家庭经济收入水平分,高、中和低家庭收入儿童青少年的超重率分别为12.3%、10.7%和8.2%,肥胖率分别为8.6%、7.2%和5.7%。结论 2012年,我国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖表现为城市高于农村,男生高于女生;患病率与家庭经济收入水平有关。     

Augmenting BMI and Waist-Height Ratio for Establishing More Efficient Obesity Percentiles among School-going Children

Research Questions:

1. Are all the existing methods for estimating the obesity and overweight in school going children in India equally efficient? 2. How to derive more efficient obesity percentiles to determine obesity and overweight status in school-going children aged 7-12 years old?

Objectives:

1. To investigate and analyze the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight children in India, using the established standards. 2. To compare the efficiency among the tools with the expected levels in the Indian population. 3. To establish and demonstrate the higher efficiency of the proposed percentile chart.

Study Design:

A cross-sectional study using a completely randomized design.

Settings:

Government, private-aided, unaided, and central schools in the Thrissur district of Kerala.

Participants:

A total of 1500 boys and 1500 girls aged 7-12 years old.

Results:

BMI percentiles, waist circumference percentiles, and waist to height ratio are the ruling methodologies in establishing the obese and overweight relations in school-going children. Each one suffers from the disadvantage of not considering either one or more of the obesity contributing factors in human growth dynamics, the major being waist circumference and weight. A new methodology for mitigating this defect through considering BMI and waist circumference simultaneously for establishing still efficient percentiles to arrive at obesity and overweight status is detailed here. Age-wise centiles for obesity and overweight status separately for boys and girls aged 7-12 years old were established. Comparative efficiency of this methodology over BMI had shown that this could mitigate the inability of BMI to consider waist circumference. Also, this had the advantage of considering body weight in obesity analysis, which is the major handicap in waist to height ratio. An analysis using a population of 1500 boys and 1500 girls has yielded 3.6% obese and 6.2% overweight samples, which is well within the accepted range for Indian school-going children.

Conclusion:

The percentiles for school-going children based on age and sex were derived by comparing all other accepted standards used for measurement of obesity and overweight status. Hence, augmenting BMI and waist to height ratio is considered to be the most reliable method for establishing obesity percentiles among school-going children.     

青岛市城区学龄前儿童肥胖流行趋势研究

目的 了解青岛市城区学龄前儿童肥胖发生现状及近年流行趋势,为有效控制干预提供理论依据。方法 2018年4-6月,方便整群抽取青岛市城区13家中等规模幼儿园,对全体在园儿童进行身高、体重及腰围、臀围测量评价,与2006年同质调查数据比较,研究十二年来学龄前儿童肥胖流行趋势。结果 2018年城区幼儿园3～6岁儿童肥胖检出率为7.51%,较2006年(9.52%)显著下降(χ²=11.218,P=0.001),年均下降16.75%;男童肥胖超出率(10.02%)显著高于女童(4.80%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=42.11,P<0.001);2018年城区3～6岁儿童超重检出率为15.85％,较2006年(18.12%)显著下降(χ²=7.892,P<0.05);肥胖儿童BMI、腰臀比及腰围身高比均显著高于正常体重儿童(P＜0.001)。结论 近十二年青岛市城区学龄前儿童肥胖得到有效控制。儿童超重检出率亦下降,但远高于肥胖检出率,提示需加强学龄前儿童超重防控,以减少其转化为学龄期乃至成年期肥胖。     

Association between overweight or obesity and household income and parental body mass index in Australian youth: analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey, 1995

This study is a secondary data analysis based on the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey (NNS). A random subsample of 1581 school children aged 7-15 years old from the NNS was studied. The results show the prevalence of overweight, obesity and combined overweight and obesity was 10.6-20.9%, 3.7-7.2% and 15.6-25.7%, respectively. The odds ratio of overweight or obese boys with highest household income was significantly smaller than those with the lowest household income. The proportion of combined overweight and obesity in children whose parents were overweight or obese was significantly greater compared with those whose parents were not. The trend of increasing prevalence of overweight or obesity among children with increasing parental body mass index (BMI) was significant after adjusting for age except the trend of father's BMI for boys. This study provided baseline data on the recent prevalence of overweight or obesity of Australian school children using new international absolute BMI cut-off points. It indicated that young school girls (7-9 years) were more likely to be overweight or obese compared with boys, the prevalence rates of overweight or obesity in older boys (13-15 year) was significantly greater than in other age groups while in girls it was the opposite. The boys with lowest household income ($0-17 500) were more likely to be overweight or obese compared with those with the highest household income (greater than $67 500). Having parents especially mothers who were overweight or obese may increase the risk of children being overweight or obese.