Joint motion of bipolar femoral prostheses

From 1982 to 1991, 251 bipolar hip arthroplasties were performed on 213 patients. Among them, 117 bipolar femoral prostheses were randomly selected to examine the behavior of abduction motion under weight-bearing loads. Roentgenographic motion study was performed at an average of 46.5 months after surgery (range, 2–110 months). One hundred one prostheses used in dysplastic osteoarthritic, rheumatoid, and revised failed total hip arthroplasty patients moved 18.2% at the outer bearing and 81.8% at the inner bearing, while 16 prostheses used in femoral neck fracture and osteonecrosis of the femoral head patients moved 49.7% at the inner bearing and 50.3% at the outer bearing. There was a statistical difference in the motion pattern between the two groups. The abduction motion behavior of the bipolar femoral prostheses was not affected by the length of the follow-up period, the diameter of the outer heads, or the position of the prostheses on immediate postoperative roentgenograms     

Bipolar versus total hip arthroplasty for hip osteonecrosis in the same patient

The authors studied 28 patients with bilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head who were treated with a cementless bipolar endoprosthesis in one hip and cementless total hip arthroplasty in the other. All the hips selected for bipolar endoprostheses were classified as having avascular necrosis of the femoral head Ficat Stage III, and all the hips selected for total hip arthroplasty were classified as having Ficat Stage IV avascular necrosis. After a midterm followup of an average of 6.4 years (range, 4-12 years), 24 of 28 hips that received bipolar endoprostheses were considered satisfactory, whereas 23 of 28 hips in which an arthroplasty was done were considered satisfactory. After a followup of more than 6 years, the cartilaginous space of the acetabulum could be preserved in 25 hips (89.3%) that received a bipolar endoprosthesis. There were no statistical differences in both groups in terms of clinical result, thigh pain, groin pain, osteolysis, dislocation, and revision rate. Total hip arthroplasty is not the preferred treatment for all patients with hip osteonecrosis. In young patients with Ficat Stage III osteonecrosis with Grade 0 or Grade I cartilage, the use of a cementless bipolar endoprosthesis with a bone ingrowth stem may be considered as an alternative to total hip arthroplasty.     

Prosthetic replacement in treatment of subcapital femoral neck fractures in the elderly

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of femoral head replacement (FHR) and total hip replacement (THR) in treatment of subcapital femoral neck fractures (SFNF). METHODS: Between May 1987 and July 1998, 56 elderly patients (6 5-90 years; average 73.5 years) with SFNF were treated with prosthetic replacement. Six cases were treated with unipolar FHR, 18 cases with Bateman bipolar FHR, and 32 cases with Bateman bipolar THR. All domestic prostheses were installed with cement. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in operating time and blood transfusion. Forty-nine patients were followed-up for an average of 5 years and 10 months. No wound infection or death was related to surgery. Complications in Group FHR were significantly higher than that i n Group THR. CONCLUSIONS: Since FHR is difficult to fit the bony acetabulum, it is only indicated for senile cases with poor conditions. However, the bi polar THR installed with cement is indicated for most elderly patients. Since th e femoral head and acetabulum can fit each other completely, it is more stable for taking weight-bearing earlier with less complications.     

Simultaneous primary total hip arthroplasty and contralateral revision hip arthroplasty: role for use of femoral head autograft

We report the outcome of revision hip arthroplasty for patients with acetabular bone loss in whom the femoral head retrieved from arthritic contralateral hip during the same anesthesia was used as autograft for acetabular reconstruction. Thirty-two hips in 16 patients with a mean age of 63.8 years (range, 43-79 years) were followed for an average of 3.5 years. All primary arthroplasties were successful. Evidence of autograft incorporation was found in all except 2 patients. The acetabular component failed and required revision in the latter 2 patients. The use of femoral head autograft in a select group of patients with symptomatic arthritis of hip and a failed prosthetic hip with severe bone loss in the contralateral side is a viable option. However, this technique should not be applied to acetabular reconstructions in which protected weight-bearing in the postoperative period may be necessary.     

Degenerative changes in normal femoral heads in the elderly

Unipolar hemiarthroplasty and bipolar hemiarthroplasty are frequently chosen for treating subcapital hip fracture; however, clinical outcome varies substantially. Although total hip arthroplasty is indicated for subcapital hip fracture in patients with degenerative hip disease, there is a lack of data on the incidence and extent of degenerative change in patients with subcapital hip fracture without obvious degenerative hip disease. This investigation evaluated articular cartilage in 25 consecutive femoral heads removed from elderly patients who sustained acute femoral neck fracture. All patients' femoral heads demonstrated grade 2 or 3 chondromalacia with an average involvement of 54% of the whole femoral head surface area. Review of the literature describes the cost-to-benefit ratio associated with painful hip arthroplasty. This study demonstrated a high incidence of femoral head degenerative change, which may account for the variable clinical results and proliferation of the term unsolved fracture. In the patient with a subcapital hip fracture, total hip arthroplasty may prove to be a better alternative.     

Fractures of the femoral neck treated with a bipolar endoprosthesis

Seventy-five patients with 77 bipolar hip endoprostheses were reexamined and had roentgenograms taken at an average of 51 months postoperatively. The average age of the patients was 77 years. All prostheses had been inserted due to intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck. Three prostheses had been revised to a total hip arthroplasty at the time of follow-up examination. Radiologically, three cases of protrusion and ten cases with a radiolucent zone greater than 2 mm around the femoral stem were found. Functionally, the result was excellent or good in about 75% of the active ambulators. As acetabular erosion and protrusion appears to have been reduced to some extent, a bipolar hip prosthesis is found to be a good alternative to conventional hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with a fracture of the femoral neck.     

人工股骨头置换治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法采用人工股骨头置换术治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者28例。结果28例均获得随防,时间12～24（16±4）个月。患者均在术后6周下地负重行走。髋关节功能接近伤前水平,生活基本能够自理。髋关节功能按Harris评分：术前为84～97（90±4）分;术后为82～95（89±3）分。结论人工股骨头置换治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折可早期下床锻炼,减少并发症,提高患者的生活质量。     

Tectoplasty for painful dislocation or subluxation of the hip. Long-term evaluation of a new acetabuloplasty

Tectoplasty is a new acetabuloplasty which aims to provide an extra-articular weight-bearing surface in cases of dysplastic acetabulum, hip subluxation or dislocation with a false acetabulum. The lateral wall of the iliac bone at the lateral edge of the affected acetabulum is raised as a proximally-based flap and massive bone grafts are inserted to provide a congruous, non-absorbable roof for the capsule and femoral head. An advantage is that the weight-bearing surface can be formed away from the original acetabulum, wherever the dislocated or subluxated femoral head may lie. Of 34 hips with congenital dislocation or severe subluxation treated by this method, 27 were evaluated after an average follow-up of 12 years. At review the patients averaged 35 years of age and satisfactory results with good relief of pain had been obtained in 78%. The results were unsatisfactory when degenerative changes had already developed before operation. Tectoplasty is indicated for pain due to congenital subluxation or dislocation of the hip under the age of thirty, in the absence of advanced osteoarthritis.     

加长柄骨水泥人工双极股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨加长柄骨水泥人工双极股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法采用加长柄骨水泥人工双极股骨头治疗62例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者。结果手术时间(92±27)min,输血(600±120)ml。术后5～7 d下地12例,7～10 d下地41例,10～14 d下地9例。术后并发症:肺部感染、菌群失调3例,电解质代谢紊乱6例,低蛋白血症19例。62例均获随访,时间6～48个月。按Harris评分标准:优18例,良33例,可11例,优良率达83.2%。无人工关节脱位、感染发生。结论用加长柄骨水泥人工双极股骨头治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折,可早期下地功能锻炼,减少并发症,提高生活质量。     

Comparison between bipolar hemiarthroplasty and THA for osteonecrosis of the femoral head

It is controversial whether bipolar hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty should be done for Ficat Stage III osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A prospective comparative study was done using the same cementless femoral components for both procedures. Forty cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasties and 31 cementless total hip arthroplasties were done in 54 patients with Ficat Stage III osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Age, gender, and followup were matched between patients having bipolar hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Treatment with total hip arthroplasty increased the total hip score more than treatment with bipolar hemiarthroplasty. The final pain score especially showed a significant difference between patients who had a bipolar hemiarthroplasty (5.5) and patients who had a total hip arthroplasty (5.9). Thigh pain occurred in four patients (four hips) from the bipolar hemiarthroplasty group and in six patients (six hips) from the total hip arthroplasty group. In the bipolar hemiarthroplasty group, gluteal pain occurred in six patients (six hips, 15%) and groin pain occurred in eight patients (eight hips, 20%). Dislocation occurred in two hips (two patients) in each group. The outer head migrated superiorly in nine hips (nine patients) (23%) from the bipolar hemiarthroplasty group. Because of the incidence of gluteal and groin pain and migration, total hip arthroplasty is a better procedure than bipolar hemiarthroplasty for patients with Ficat Stage III osteonecrosis of the femoral head.     

大转子式股骨柄置换及股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的 探讨大转子式股骨柄(GTF)双极股骨头置换及股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效.方法 对34 例老年股骨转子间骨折患者分别采用GTF双极股骨头置换(GTF组,19例)和PFNA内固定治疗(PFNA组,15例),比较两组手术时间、出血量、住院天数、下床时间、术后并发症、髋关节功能Harris评分等指标.结果 34例均得到随访,时间6～48(12.7±5.8)个月.PFNA 组均获得骨性愈合.PFNA组手术时间、出血量低于GTF组,GTF组下床时间、并发症、早期Harris评分优于PFNA组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者住院天数及中晚期Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 GTF柄双极股骨头置换与PFNA内固定治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子间骨折,均可获得满意的临床效果,在一定适应证范围内,GTF具有相应优势.     

Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A 7- to 18-year followup

This study evaluated clinical and radiographic results of bipolar hemiarthroplasties for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Forty-eight hips in 35 patients with a mean age of 37 years who underwent primary bipolar hemiarthroplasties were observed for an average of 11.4 years. Osteonecrosis was associated with corticosteroid use (21 patients), alcohol (six patients), idiopathic (four patients), and other conditions (four patients). The average Harris hip score was 46 before surgery and 86 at the time of the final followup. Twenty (42%) hips were radiographic failures, and 12 (25%) hips were revised. Groin symptoms were present in 20 (42%) hips. Radiographic proximal migration greater than 4 mm and osteoarthritic signs of the acetabulum indicated a high risk of groin symptoms. The results were inferior to those previously reported for total hip arthroplasty. Thus, for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in which necrotic lesions are wide, the authors no longer use this system and currently use total hip arthroplasty.     

双极股骨头置换术治疗老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的预后疗效分析

目的探讨双极股骨头半髋置换治疗老年不稳定粗隆间骨折的预后并分析其影响因素。方法回顾性分析对2005年3月至2009年10月收治的双极股骨头半髋置换治疗老年不稳定粗隆间骨折的86例患者临床资料,男32例,女54例;年龄71～98岁,平均83．4岁。Evens-JensenⅢ型50例,Ⅳ型36例。57例患者伴有严重骨质疏松。受伤至入院时间1h-8d,平均1．5d,人院至手术时间3-9d,平均4．2d。骨水泥型股骨柄假体置换65例,生物型股骨柄假体置换21例;术中重建股骨距52例,未重建股骨距34例。结果最终68例患者均获得随访,随访时间为12～60个月,平均38个月。单因素与多因素分析均显示骨折分型及是否重建股骨距对股骨柄假体稳定性有显著影响（P〈0．05）。髋关节Harris评分优良率82．4％,单因素分析显示骨折分型及是否重建股骨距对术后髋关节功能恢复有显著影响（P〈0．05）,多因素分析显示是否重建股骨距是影响术后髋关节功能恢复的主要因素。25例患者死亡,死亡率为32．1％,其中死于心肺疾患占56．O％。单因素与多因素均分析显示患者性别、年龄及是否重建股骨距对术后死亡率有显著影响（P〈0．05）。结论老年股骨粗隆间骨折可以通过双极人工股骨头半髋置换治疗获得良好疗效。骨折分型及术中是否重建股骨距是影响术后假体稳定性和髋关节功能的主要因素,高龄及合并心肺疾患患者死亡风险更大。     

Jumbo femoral head for the treatment of recurrent dislocation following total hip replacement

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the results of the use of a jumbo femoral head to restore stability in hips that had sustained recurrent dislocations after total hip replacement. METHODS: Twelve hips in twelve patients who had had multiple hip operations and recurrent instability of the hip underwent a total hip replacement with use of a femoral head with an average diameter of 44 mm (range, 40 to 50 mm). The average age of the patients was fifty-nine years (range, twenty-nine to eighty-four years). The twelve patients had had an average of four previous operations (range, one to eight operations) and seven dislocations (range, two to twenty dislocations). A bipolar head was used in ten hips that had a femoral stem with a fixed (non-modular) head, and a modular head (unipolar) was used in two hips. (One hip was first treated with a bipolar head and then with a unipolar head.) RESULTS: One patient died of unrelated causes fourteen months postoperatively. The hip had remained stable until the time of death. After an average duration of follow-up of 6.5 years (range, 3.2 to 11.8 years), ten of the remaining eleven hips had had no additional episodes of instability. One hip dislocated within one week after the revision, necessitating revision surgery to reposition the acetabular component. This hip was found to be stable at the time of follow-up 7.6 years after the revision. There were four other reoperations: one was done because of a fracture of the polyethylene; one, because of entrapment of cement within the articulation; one, because of pain related to loosening of the femoral stem; and one, because of late hematogenous infection. The preoperative and postoperative University of California at Los Angeles hip scores for the series were, respectively, 7 and 9 points for pain, 5 and 7 points for walking, 4 and 6 points for function, and 3 and 5 points for activity. CONCLUSIONS: A jumbo-diameter femoral head provided stability and improved function without compromising range of motion in patients with recurrent dislocations following total hip arthroplasty.     

非骨水泥型人工双极股骨头置换术后中期随访结果

目的 观察新一代的非骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换术的中期疗效。方法 用长入式非骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换术治疗股骨颈骨折46例和股骨头无菌性坏死3例,随访时间平均4年(1年～6年1个月)。临床随访根据改良式Harris评分方法来比较效果的好坏。结果 术后获随访的33例患者Harris评分平均为97分,优良率97％。94％的患者无需止痛治疗,70％的患者患骸功能良好。40％的患者术后患侧下肢有明显肿胀,并伴发热。无一例髋关节脱位和假体周围再骨折。结论 非骨水泥型双极股骨头置换术术后早中期效果良好,固定牢靠。双极股骨头置换术手术简便,组织损伤少,可能是术后髋痛发生率很低的主要原因。     

3M integral bipolar cup system for dysplastic osteoarthritis. Clinical and radiographic review with five- to seven-year follow-up

Between 1995 and 1997 we undertook 40 bipolar hip arthroplasties in 35 patients with dysplastic osteoarthritis. The steep and shallow acetabulum was excavated and the bipolar socket was placed high with an adjustment of leg-length. At follow-up of between five and seven years, there were 19 excellent, 16 good and five fair results according to the scoring system of Merle d'Aubigné and Postel. The mean radiographic superior migration of the bipolar socket was 2.1 mm (0 to 10). Osteolysis was noted in three hips within three years of the operation. Abduction on weight-bearing was recorded in 24 hips and the bipolar system was found to be functioning predominantly between the inner bearing and the metal femoral head in 20.     

The relationship between fovea capitis femoris and weight bearing area in the normal and dysplastic hip in adults: a radiologic study]

AIM: In residual hip dysplasia the fovea capitis femoris lays often more cranial than in the normal hip morphology, the ligamentum capitis femoris thereby articulating with the weight-bearing area of the acetabular cartilage. The aim of this study was to quantitate this aspect with regard to its potential negative effect for the degeneration of the dysplastic acetabulum. METHOD: The relation between the fovea capitis femoris and the weight-bearing area were studied using the a.p.-pelvis view in normal and dysplastic hips. The measurements were made by digital image analysis. RESULTS: The hypothesis that the "fovea alta" is characteristic for the dysplastic hip was confirmed. In dysplastic hips the typically wider fovea lays on average 30 degrees more cranial, touching the weight-bearing area over 11 degrees. The fovea in normal hips has on average a distance of 26 degrees to the acetabular roof. In dysplastic hips the steeper roof, the tendency for decentering of the femoral head as well as a higher CCD angle explain this phenomenon to a certain degree. In a theoretical model to correct the acetabular position over the femoral head alone one quarter of the foveae would still touch the weight-bearing area. Nevertheless, in our series after periacetabular osteotomy this was never the case due to better centering. CONCLUSION: lt is our hypothesis that a "fovea alta", which further reduces the already smaller loaded cartilage surface, is one part leading to the early degeneration of the dysplastic hip. Therefore, it should be considered in biomechanical models and in the planning of corrective procedures.     

Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with core decompression and human bone morphogenetic protein

A retrospective evaluation was done of 15 patients (17 hips) with symptomatic osteonecrosis of the hip treated with core decompression combined with an allogeneic, antigen-extracted, autolyzed fibula allograft and 50 mg of partially purified human bone morphogenetic protein and noncollagenous proteins. The average duration of clinical followup of the patients was 53 months (range, 26-94 months). The osteonecrotic involvement of the hip was classified by plain radiographs using a modification of the Ficat staging system and MRI evaluations. Fifteen hips were classified as Ficat Stage IIA, one hip (one patient) was classified as Ficat Stage IIB, and one hip (one patient) was classified as Ficat Stage III. Fourteen hips had involvement of 50% or less of the femoral head and 2/3 or less involvement of the weight-bearing surface of the femoral head, based on a magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. The procedures were a clinical success in 14 of 15 hips (93%; 13 patients) with Stage IIA disease. Three of 17 hips (three patients) had radiographic progression (Ficat Stages IIA, IIB, and III) of the femoral head and were converted to total hip replacements. Only one of seven hips (six patients) with 50% or less involvement of the femoral head and between 1/3 and 2/3 of the weightbearing surface of the femoral head developed radiographic progression of the femoral head. There was no radiographic progression in the 3 hips with less than 1/3 involvement of the weightbearing surface of the femoral head. Further evaluation of the potential efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein is required in randomized trials.     

加长柄双极股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨加长柄双极人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法本组49例,男19例,女30例;年龄75～92岁,平均82.3岁。骨折类型按Evans分型,型5例,A型22例,B型9例,型13例,其中2例为内固定治疗失败病例。患者多合并内科疾病,相关内科协同治疗后,对所有患者采用标准人工骨水泥、加长柄人工双极股骨头置换术,术后早期进行康复锻炼。结果 49例患者都顺利度过围手术期,住院期间无死亡病例,术后并发症均在住院期间治愈。术后1～3周下床活动。所有病例均获得随访,随访时间3～24个月,平均9个月,患者均能生活自理。按Harris评分标准,优良率达85.7%。结论用加长柄股骨头治疗高龄转子间骨折,是一种有效的治疗方法 ,可早期下床活动,减少并发症,提高生活质量。     

人工双极股骨头置换治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨人工双极股骨头置换治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的可行性和手术适应证。方法应用人工双极股骨头置换治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折26例。结果26例均获随访,时间8个月-4年,平均（2．5±1．3）年。骨折愈合时间4～8（5．8±1．7）个月。随访期内死亡2例,19例生活可自理。X线片示假体无松动及下沉。结论对于高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折伴有骨质疏松症者,采用人工双极股骨头置换是可行的,但需严格掌握手术适应证。