两镜法治疗胆囊合并胆总管结石36例疗效分析

目的探讨十二指肠镜乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy, EST)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC)治疗胆囊合并总胆管结石的疗效. 方法胆囊合并胆总管结石36例,首先经EST取出胆管结石,然后采用LC切除胆囊. 结果 EST成功34例(94.4%); 失败2例,均因胆管末端狭窄,开腹行胆管空肠吻合术治愈.腹腔镜手术34例,成功32例(94.1%),2例中转开腹. 结论 EST联合LC是治疗胆囊合并胆管结石的优选术式,EST失败者主要原因为胆管狭窄,应首选胆管空肠吻合术.     

十二指肠镜乳头括约肌切开联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊胆总管结石

目的探讨十二指肠镜乳头括约肌切开术（EST）联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）治疗胆囊胆总管结石的治疗方法和效果。方法对45例病人常规行ERCP,发现胆管结石后,即时或择期行EST。45例中立即取石或碎石者36例,择期取石9例,有3例术后自行排出结石。各例常规行鼻胆管引流术（ENBD）。1~2周后再行LC。结果全组病例EST均获成功（100%）;结石排净42例（93.5%）;行 LC成功39例,中转开腹手术3例(7.1%)。LC术后3~5天出院。发生并发症6例（13.3%）,表现为轻症胰腺炎,乳头切开后出血,均经保守治疗痊愈。结论EST联合LC治疗胆囊胆总管结石是一种可供选择的微创治疗方法,扩大了LC的指征,具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少、恢复快等优点,充分显示了微创手术的优越性。     

内镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊、胆总管结石

目的探讨内镜乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy，EST）联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）治疗胆囊、胆总管结石的效果。方法35例临床确诊胆囊结石合并胆总管结石，逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP）发现胆总管结石后即时或择期行EST，EST术后2—3d行LC。结果ERCP后即时取石或碎石33例，其中一次取净30例，3例胆总管多发结石（〉3枚）且较大（〉1．5cm）未能取净，术后2—7d复查B超，1例结石自然排净，2例残余结石3d后二次行EST取石成功。择期EST2例，1例取石成功，1例碎石后未能取净，术后3d复查B超结石自然排净。所有病例EST及LC均获成功，无中转开腹病例，LC术后3—5d出院。发生并发症2例（5．7％）：1例乳头切开后出血，术后黑便，1例术后血淀粉酶轻度增高，2例均经保守治疗痊愈。32例随访3—19个月，平均11个月，1例术后5个月死于心肌梗死，其余31例均无胆道感染、残石及胰腺炎发生。结论EST联合LC治疗胆囊、胆总管结石是一种可供选择的微创治疗方法，扩大了LC的指征，具有创伤小、并发症少、恢复快、疗效确切等优点。     

腹腔镜联合术中胆管造影、括约肌切开术序贯诊治胆结石病5年经验总结

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, LC )联合术中胆管造影(Intraoperative Cholangiography, IOC)、胰胆镜括约肌切开术(Intraoperative Endoscopic Sphincterotomy, IOEST)诊治胆囊结石合并胆总管结石疾病的价值. 方法回顾分析LC联合IOC、IOEST诊断和治疗106例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的临床效果. 结果 60.4%(64/106)术前诊断胆囊结石,经IOC发现伴有胆总管结石;LC联合IOC、IOEST治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石手术成功率为93.4%(99/106),取净结石率99.0%(98/99).术后并发轻度急性胰腺炎6例(6.1%)、十二指肠穿孔1例(0.01%)、胆漏1例(0.01%)、气胸1例、漏诊十二指肠乳头癌1例(0.01%)、胃潴留2例(0.02%).术后平均住院时间3.7天. 结论 IOC能有效避免漏诊LC中胆总管结石;LC联合IOC和IOEST能一次性有效微创治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石.     

腹腔镜术中经胆囊管胆道镜治疗胆总管结石

我院于1993年10月至1996年10月,在16例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中,经腹腔镜转换器,应用OlympusP20型纤维胆道镜(Φ4.9 mm),经切开的胆囊管进入胆总管,治疗胆总管继发结石,取得了较好的疗效,现报告如下. 1.一般资料:本组男8例,女8例,年龄39～62岁(平均50岁),术前均经ERCP确诊为胆囊结石,继发胆总管结石.结石大小0.3～1.1 cm,胆总管内径约0.7～1.7 cm,平均约1.0 cm.     

三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效及预后分析

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合胆总管探查术(腹腔镜、胆管镜和十二指肠镜三镜联合治疗)与内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石老年病人(≥65岁)的临床疗效.方法:回顾性...     

两种微创术式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)+腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)与内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)/内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果。方法:选择2013年12月至2016年12月收治的135例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,分为LC+LCBDE组(n=84)与ERCP/EST+LC组(n=51),对比观察两组术中情况(手术成功率、结石残留率、手术时间、出血量)、术后情况(腹腔引流管留置时间、胃肠功能恢复时间及术后并发症)、住院时间及治疗费用。结果:两组手术成功率、并发症发生率差异无统计学意义;LC+LCBDE组手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、腹腔引流管放置时间多于ERCP/EST+LC组,但住院时间、住院费用优于ERCP/EST+LC组。结论:治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石两种术式均安全、有效,各有优缺点,应根据患者情况、医院设备及医疗水平,结合胆总管结石数量、直径等,慎重选择手术方式。     

联合应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术和十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术治疗胆囊、胆总管结石

目的:总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术+十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(LC+EST)治疗胆囊、胆总管结石的体会。方法:为6例患者行LC+EST。结果:本组病例均在术前行B超检查及MRCP检查,诊断为胆囊结石及胆总管结石,行LC+EST均获成功。手术顺利,无胆管并发症。结论:与传统的胆囊切除,胆道探查、取石,T管引流,或术中经胆囊管造影后探查胆总管以及行腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)比较,经T管窦道行胆道镜取石,患者创伤小,痛苦轻,康复快。     

LC联合内镜EST治疗胆囊结石合并继发胆总管结石的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）与内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术（EST）联合应用治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果。方法全组患者先行EST，在B超引导下使用取石网篮取干净总胆管结石，取石后常规放置ENBD管，1周后行鼻胆管造影明确胆总管无结石后行LC治疗。结果全组20例均获得成功，无中转开腹及严重并发症。结论LC与EST联合应用治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石，有较好的疗效，具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少、恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果。方法2003年7月-2005年8月我院有18例胆囊并胆总管结石手术先行腹腔镜胆囊切除，然后切开胆总管用胆道镜探查，取出胆总管结石。结果1例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹，17例均顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆道镜胆总管探查术。结论腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果可靠。     

腹腔镜内窥镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石两种术式的临床分析

目的 评价腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆总管探查取石术(LC+LCBDE)与内镜下Oddi括约肌切开、腹腔镜胆囊切除术(EST+LC)两种术式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果.方法 回顾总结LC联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石256例,采用LC+LCBDE术132例、EsT+LC术124例治疗的临床资料,对两组病例的手术成功率、并发症发生率、手术总时间、住院费用、住院日进行对比统计分析.结果 两种术式的手术成功率、并发症发生率、平均住院日无显著性差异(P>0.05),手术总时间、手术费用比较有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论 两种术式各有其适应证和优缺点.胆总管直径<1.0 cm、胆总管中下端结石或老年胆石症病人宜采用EST+LC术式;胆总管直径>1.0 cm的多发性较大结石、尤其是中青年病人应首选LC+LCBDE术式.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction or laparoscopic choledochoscopy and electrohydraulic lithotripsy for management of cholelithiasis with choledocholithiasis

Summary Six hundred twenty-two laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed at St. Vincent Hospital over a 14-month period. We reviewed the records of 366 of these patients who were referred to the authors. Thirty-six patients had suspected choledocholithiasis. The primary author (M.E.A.) performed 38 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCPs) on these patients for diagnosis and management. Seventeen of the 36 patients had common bile duct stones; 19 patients had negative studies. Of the 17 patients with choledocholithiasis, 15 had successful cannulation of the common bile duct, and, of these, 10 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus endoscopic sphincterotomy and extraction of the common duct stone(s). In one high-risk elderly patient, we extracted the stone from the common duct and left the gallbladder in situ. Two patients failed endoscopic cannulation and underwent open cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration. Four additional patients, cannulated successfully, had unsuccessful endoscopic stone removal because the stones were too large or were impacted. Two of these patients underwent open cholecystectomy and common duct exploration. The two other patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and choledochoscopy through the cystic duct with the flexible choledochoscope. An electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe was then inserted through the choledochoscope to fragment the stones, and stone fragments were allowed to pass through the previously created sphincterotomy. We believe our data, supported by data in the literature, show that these alternative methods for treating choledocholithiasis are safe and effective and should be considered primary modalities for treating this condition now that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for cholelithiasis.     

腹腔镜联合术中胆管造影、括约肌切开术序贯诊治胆结石病106例

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC)联合术中胆管造影(intraoperative cholangiography，IOC)、术中括约肌切开术(intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy，IOEST)序贯诊治胆结石病的价值。方法回顾分析序贯诊治106例胆结石病的临床效果。结果64例(60．4％，64／106)术前诊断胆囊结石，经IOC发现有胆总管结石；序贯治疗手术成功率为93．4％(99／106)，98例胆总管结石被取净。术后并发症：水肿型急性胰腺炎6例(6．1％)、十二指肠穿孔1例(0．9％，1／106)、胆漏1例(0．9％，1／106)、气胸1例(0．9％，1／106)、漏诊十二指肠乳头癌1例(0．9％，1／106)、胃潴留2例(1．8％，2／106)。术后平均住院时间3．7d。结论LC联合IOC、IOEST能一次性微创诊治胆囊结石合并胆总管结石。     

ERCP和EST在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的作用

目的 总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC)中联合应用内镜技术治疗伴有胆总管结石的胆囊结石病人的疗效。方法 对210例(同济医院124例，武汉市第四医院86例)LC术前、术后可疑合并胆总管结石行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogrophy，ERCP)和内镜括约肌切开术(Endoscopic sphincterotorny，EST)。结果 LC术前ERCP发现胆总管结石69例，EST清除63例，清除率91．3％(63／69)；LC术后ERCP发现胆总管残留结石9例，EST清除8例，清除率88．9％(8／9)。结论 LC联合ERCP、EST治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石是一种安全有效的方法，使病人避免开腹手术。     

Combination therapy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic transpapillary lithotripsy for both cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis

Summary This report describes five patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis who were treated by combination endoscopic extraction of common bile-duct stones with sphincterotomy (EST) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Following this combination procedure the patients were relieved completely of obstructive jaundice and right upper quadrant pain, leaving only small trocar insertion scars made during the short course of hospitalization. The combination therapy of EST and LC will be recommended for this kind of patient as a minimally invasive procedure.     

ERCP联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床分析

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)、内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析采用ERCP/EST联合LC方法治疗的40例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的患者的临床资料。结果 ERCP/EST手术成功率97.5%(39/40),1例插管失败,LC手术成功率97.4%(38/39),1例中转开腹手术,8例(20.5%)患者ERCP/EST术后出现高淀粉酶血症,无出血、胆瘘、十二指肠瘘、胆管损伤及胆道结石残留等并发症发生。61.5%(24/39)患者ERCP/EST术后2~5天行LC术,38.5%(15/39)患者ERCP/EST术后6~14天行LC术,前者在住院时间及住院费用上明显低于后者。结论 ERCP/EST联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全可行,具有患者创伤小、康复快、并发症少等优点,ERCP术后尽早施行LC可减少患者住院天数及住院费用。     

腹腔镜胆总管取石和内镜乳头切开取石治疗胆总管结石的回顾性分析

目的:分析两种微创手术方式:腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)结合胆总管取石术(laparoscopic common bile duct extraction,LCBDE)和内镜下乳头括约肌切开(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)取石联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾近4年余胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人的临床资料,其中LC+LCBDE组40例,EST+LC组40例。比较两组手术成功率、结石清除率以及术后并发症发生率等指标。结果:LC+LCBDE组与EST+LC组手术成功率(97.5%比95.0%)、结石清除率(90.0%比92.5%)、术后近期并发症发生率(7.5%比5.0%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组都无围手术期死亡。LC+LCBDE组住院费用与住院时间低于EST+LC组(P<0.001)。LC+LCBDE组未发生远期并发症、无结石复发、EST+LC组2例结石复发和4例发生远期并发症(3例胆道感染、1例复发性胰腺炎)(15.0%)。结论:本研究显示,LC+LCBDE与EST+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效及安全性相似。LC+LCBDE治疗既保留了Oddi括约肌的功能,避免EST相关的潜在风险;同时缩短住院时间,降低住院费用。     

Combined endoscopic treatment for cholelithiasis associated with choledocholithiasis

Background

The advent of endoscopic techniques changed surgery in many ways. For the management of cholelithiasis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice. This has created a dilemma in the management of choledocholithiasis. Today a number of option exist, including endoscopic sphinterotomy (ES) before LC in patients with suspected common bile duct (CBD) stones, laparoscopic bile duct exploration, open CBD exploration, and postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Also, the alternative technique of peroperative ES is emerging.

Methods

We report our experience of routine intraoperative cholangiography followed either by peroperative ERCP in one step or by transcystic drain and postoperative ERCP. In our technique, to facilitate Vater papilla cannulation we inserted a 450-cm transcystic guidewire that was caught by a duodenoscope. Papillotome was then inserted over the guidewire to ensure cannulation of the CBD.

Results

Twenty-eight patients were treated successfully in one step and 24 in two steps. The mean operative time was 181 ? 41 min for patients treated in one step and 131 ? 30 min for patients treated in two steps. The mean hospital stay was 4.8 ? 3.3 days for patients treated in one step and 9.6 ? 4.0 days for patients treated in two steps. Five patients (18%) with positive intraoperative cholangiography for stones for whom peroperative ERCP was not available showed a normal postoperative transcystic cholangiogram and therefore ERCP was canceled. Fourteen of 25 patients treated in one step and none of 17 treated in two steps had raised serum amylase, which resolved spontaneously with no symptoms. No patient developed postoperative pancreatitis. Three (10%) ERCP complications were observed, consisting of mild bleeding of the papilla. All cases were managed by endoscopic adrenaline injection. There was no mortality.

Conclusion

We believe peroperative ERCP with the technique described should be considered as the treatment of choice for choledocholithiasis associated with cholelithiasis. When single-stage treatment is not possible, a two-step rendezvous technique should be preferred.