AUTONOMIC BLOCKADE AMPLIFIES CORTISOL-INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN MAN

1. We investigated the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in Cortisol induced hypertension using the technique of total autonomic blockade (AB). 2. Four healthy young males were given 50 mg Cortisol 6 hourly for 6 days. On the day prior to, and the last day of, Cortisol treatment, AB was produced using oral prazosin 1 mg, intravenous clonidine 300 μg, propranolol 0.2 mg/kg and atropine 2 mg. The adequacy of blockade was assessed using the haemodynamic response to Valsalva manoeuvre. 3. Cortisol produced a significant rise in systolic blood pressure (130 ± 2 vs 110 ± 1 mmHg, pre vs post Cortisol; P<0.01). On the final treatment day, AB augmented the increase in diastolic blood pressure (ΔDBP), mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) and heart rate (ΔHR) compared to the pre-treatment day, ΔDBP: 43 ± 6 vs 17 ± 4 mmHg, post vs pre Cortisol, P<0.005, ΔMAP: 39 ± 4 vs 14 ± 4 mmHg, P<0.001, ΔHR: 45 ± 5 vs 26 ± 4 b.p.m., P<0.05. The change in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) was not statistically significant (32 ± 4 vs7 ± 3 mmHg, P= 0.065). 4. These results suggest that the ANS exerts a modulating influence on the hypertensive effect of Cortisol.     

注射用尼莫地平脂质体对麻醉犬脑循环的影响

目的:研究注射用尼莫地平脂质体对麻醉犬脑循环的影响。方法:36只犬随机分为6组,分别为对照组、溶媒组、尼莫地平脂质体0.3、0.15、0.075mg·kg~(-1)组和尼莫地平0.15mg·kg~(-1)组,静脉滴注给药,观察不同时间点脑血流量(CBF)、脑血管阻力(CVR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和心电图(ECG)的变化。结果:尼莫地平脂质体各剂量组均可明显增加麻醉犬CBF,降低CVR(P<0.01);0.3、0.15mg·kg~(-1)可引起麻醉犬MAP和HR下降,QT间期延长(P<0.05);等剂量(0.15mg·kg~(-1))的尼莫地平脂质体与尼莫地平相比,增加CBF作用相当,降低CVR的作用更强(P<0.01)。结论:尼莫地平脂质体能增加CBF,降低CVR和MAP;剂量大时有减慢HR、延长QT间期的作用。     

Correlation between short-term heart rate variability indices and heart rate, blood pressure indices, pressor reactivity to isometric handgrip in healthy young male subjects

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether readily measured blood pressure (BP) indices and, responses to autonomic reflex tests could be used as surrogates of short-term heart rate variability (HRV), which is an established marker of autonomic regulation of SA node. Therefore, we examined the correlation between short-term HRV and heart rate (HR), BP indices viz. systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure (PP), and rate-pressure product (RPP), during supine rest and head-up tilt in 17 young healthy normotensive subjects, aged 19.8 +/- 1 yr (mean +/- SD). Three classic autonomic indices viz. Valsalva ratio, HR response to deep breathing and pressor response to isometric handgrip were also determined. We noted two interesting and statistically significant (P < 0.05 in both cases) correlations viz. i) a positive correlation (r = 0.6) between change in RPP during tilt and change in low frequency (LF) RR spectral power expressed in normalized units (LF nu) during tilt, and ii) a negative correlation (r = -0.6) between change in PP during isometric handgrip and LF nu during tilt. The possible physiologic significance of these and other correlations is discussed in this paper. In conclusion, the presence of a statistically significant correlation between RPP, PP and spectral measures of short-term HRV supports a simplistic approach to autonomic assessment, in that, easily measurable BP indices could be used as surrogates of HRV when it is not feasible to determine HRV indices directly. However, the same have to be tested in healthy subjects belonging to various age groups and in patients with conditions known to be associated with autonomic dysregulation.     

The effects of rilmenidine and atenolol on mental stress, dynamic exercise and autonomic function in mild to moderate hypertension.

1. The effects of 4 week treatment with rilmenidine or atenolol on tests of mental stress, dynamic exercise, autonomic function and psychometric tests were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. 2. After a 4 week placebo run-in, 12 patients with essential hypertension (blood pressure [BP] 160/95 +/- 15/7 mmHg) received rilmenidine 1-2 mg day-1, and atenolol 50-100 mg day-1, each for 4 weeks, with a 4 week placebo wash-out between drug treatments. 3. Both agents produced a comparable reduction in supine and erect BP. During the mental arithmetic test, BP and heart rate (HR) responses were similar for rilmenidine and atenolol. 4. During bicycle exercise, the increase in HR was significantly greater after rilmenidine (+50 vs 41 beats min-1, P = 0.04). During recovery, the areas under the curve for diastolic BP (46,450 vs 51,400 mmHg s, P = 0.02) and HR (49,445 vs 63,597 beats min-1 s, P = 0.001) were significantly less with atenolol than rilmenidine. 5. Neither rilmenidine nor atenolol affected mental performance as judged by arithmetic and psychomotor tests. Physiological responses to autonomic function tests (deep breathing, facial immersion, isometric handgrip and cold pressor) were preserved with both drugs. The standing to lying ratio was higher on atenolol (P = 0.01) and Valsalva ratio was higher on rilmenidine (P = 0.03). 6. In conclusion, rilmenidine and atenolol exerted comparable antihypertensive effects both at rest and during mental and dynamic stress. Atenolol attenuated HR responses to dynamic exercise and the Valsalva manoeuvre; rilmenidine did not interfere with the physiological responses of BP and HR during autonomic function tests.     

The effects of right and left nostril breathing on cardiorespiratory and autonomic parameters

The responses of right nostril breathing (RNB) and left nostril breathing (LNB) on cardio-respiratory and autonomic functions were investigated in healthy student volunteers of both sexes. The RNB and LNB groups comprised of 10 males and 10 females in each in age range of 17-22 years. Initially, in both groups control values of respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBF), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and galvanic skin resistance (GSR) were recorded. The same parameters were recorded after 15 min (acute exposure) and 8 wks of training in RNB and LNB. In males RR (P<0.0001), SBP (P<0.05) and DBF (P<.05) fell significantly after 15 min of RNB. After 8 wks training in RNB, HR (P<0.01) decreased, SBP (P<0.001) declined more profoundly and RR (P<0.0001) and DBP (P<0.05) decrement was maintained. After 15 min of LNB, RR (P<0.01), HR (P<0.01), SBP (P<0.001) and DBP (P<0.01) declined significantly, on 8 wks training, RR (P<0.0001) and HR (P<0.001) decreased further, the decrement in SBP (P<0.001) and DBP (P<0.01) was the same. In females, RR alone fell significantly (P<0.05) after 15 min RNB. After 8 wks RR decrement was more profound (P<0.0001) and DBP also declined significantly (P<0.01). Similarly, 15 min LNB resulted in significant reduction in RR (P<0.001) and HR (P<0.05) only. Following 8 wks, of training in LNB, in addition to RR (P<0.0001) and HR (P<0.05) decrement, SBP (P<0.01) and DBP (P<0.05) also fell significantly. Both in males and females, GSR did not change significantly (P>0.05) either after RNB or LNB (15 min/8 wks). PEFR rose significantly (P<0.05) only in females after 8 wks of LNB. The results suggest that there are no sharp distinctions between effects of RNB and LNB either acute exposure (15 min) or after training (8 wks). However, there is a general parasympathetic dominance evoked by both these breathing patterns.     

Possible dependence of pressor and heart rate effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine on autonomic nerve activity.

1. The effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were investigated in conscious rats. 2. Intravenous bolus cumulative doses of L-NNA (1-32 mg kg-1) dose-dependently increased MAP. Both mecamylamine and phentolamine increased MAP responses to L-NNA, angiotensin II and methoxamine. Propranolol, reserpine, atropine and captopril did not affect MAP response to L-NNA. 3. A significant negative correlation of HR and MAP responses to L-NNA was obtained in control rats but not in rats pretreated with reserpine or mecamylamine. Significant negative correlations also occurred in the presence of atropine, propranolol, phentolamine or captopril. 4. A single i.v. bolus dose of L-NNA (32 mg kg-1) raised MAP to a peak value of 53 +/- 3 mmHg and the effect lasted more than 2 h; the rise and recovery of MAP were accompanied by significant decrease and increase in HR, respectively. While both phentolamine and mecamylamine increased peak MAP response to L-NNA, mecamylamine abolished the biphasic HR response and phentolamine potentiated the bradycardiac component of HR. 5. Blockade of the autonomic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems did not attenuate the pressor effects of L-NNA. However, the biphasic HR response to L-NNA is mediated via modulation of autonomic nerve activities.     

不同麻醉剂对MECT抑郁患者血压及认知功能的影响

目的观察无抽搐电休克治疗(MECT)中丙泊酚与硫喷妥钠对抑郁患者血压及认知功能的影响。方法将56例接受MECT治疗的抑郁症患者随机分为两组,在MECT时分别使用硫喷妥钠或丙泊酚诱导麻醉,疗程为8次,在治疗前和治疗结束后5 min记录患者心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP),治疗前和疗程结束1周后进行汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、威斯康星卡片分类(WCST)、连续作业测验(CPT)、修订韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-RC)测查评定。结果硫喷妥钠组MECT后MAP高于丙泊酚组(P<0.01),两组疗程结束1周后HAMD分均比治疗前降低(P<0.01),WCST,CPT,WAIS-RC评分比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论丙泊酚用于MECT治疗麻醉诱导时,对患者认知功能无明显影响,同时对MAP影响小,可作为MECT首选麻醉药。     

右美托咪啶对高血压患者全麻气管插管反应的影响

目的研究右美托咪啶对预防高血压患者全麻气管插管反应的影响。方法选择40例有高血压病史需行全麻气管插管患者,随机分为对照组(n=20)和右美托咪啶组(n=20),观察并记录麻醉诱导前,气管插管即刻,气管插管后第1、3、5min患者平均动脉压及心率的变化。结果对照组患者气管插管即刻及插管后第1、3、5min与麻醉前相比,平均动脉压及心率明显升高,差异有显著性(P<0.05);右美托咪啶组患者气管插管即刻及插管后第1、3、5min与麻醉前相比,平均动脉压及心率轻度升高,差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组同时刻相比,平均动脉压及心率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪啶可以很好地抑制高血压患者全麻气管插管的应激反应。     

瑞芬太尼联合曲马多在儿童扁桃体腺样体手术中的应用

目的:探讨瑞芬太尼联合曲马多用于儿童扁桃体腺样体手术麻醉的可行性和临床效果.方法:扁桃体腺样体手术患儿40例,随机分为芬太尼组(A组)和瑞芬太尼组(B组)各20例,分别以瑞芬太尼泵注及芬太尼静脉注射诱导及麻醉维持,B组在手术结束前静脉注射曲马多,观测两组患儿血流动力学变化及术后恢复情况.结果:B组在插管后即刻、腺样体切出时HR、MAP低于A组(P＜0.05);A组MAP、HR在插管后即刻、腺样体切出时均高于麻醉诱导前(P＜0.05),B组各时点变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),B组拔管时间比A组短(P＜0.05),且苏醒更平稳.结论:瑞芬太尼联合曲马多用于儿童扁桃体腺样体手术可行且临床效果满意.     

Cardiovascular selectivity of adenosine receptor agonists in anaesthetized dogs.

1. In order to determine the relevance of adenosine (Ado) receptor classification obtained from in vitro methods to the cardiovascular actions of Ado agonists in vivo, the cardiovascular effects of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA, 400 fold A1-selective), 5'-N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine (NECA, A1 approximately A2) and 2-phenylaminoadenosine (PAA, 5 fold A2-selective) were compared in open-chest, fentanyl-pentobarbitone anaesthetized dogs. 2. Graded doses of CHA (10 to 1000 micrograms kg-1), NECA (0.5 to 100 micrograms kg-1) or PAA (0.1 to 20 micrograms kg-1) were administered intravenously and changes in haemodynamics and myocardial contractility were assessed 10 min following each dose. The effects of graded infusions of AMP (200 to 1000 micrograms kg-1 min-1) were also evaluated. 3. AMP and each of the Ado analogues (NECA > PAA > CHA) increased the systemic vascular conductance index (SVCI) in a dose-dependent manner and reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP). At doses causing similar increases in SVCI, these agonists caused (i) similar reflex increases in heart rate (HR) and cardiac index (CI) and decreases in AV conduction interval (AVi) and (ii) similar increases in coronary vascular conductance (CVC). 4. After cardiac autonomic blockade with atropine (0.2 mg kg-1) and propranolol (1 mg kg-1), AMP, CHA and PAA still increased SVCI and CVC and decreased MAP. CHA and PAA had no marked effects on HR, CI or AVi. As in the absence of cardiac autonomic blockade, equieffective vasodilator doses of CHA and PAA had identical effects on CVC, CI and AVi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

喉罩下七氟醚用于小儿腹股沟斜疝手术的麻醉效果

目的比较喉罩下七氟醚吸入麻醉与氯胺酮静脉麻醉在小儿腹股沟斜疝手术中的麻醉效果。方法择期行腹股沟斜疝修补术手的患儿60例,年龄3～9岁,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机均分为喉罩下七氟醚麻醉组(S组)和氯胺酮麻醉组(K组)。S组给予七氟醚吸入诱导,置入喉罩成功后保留患儿自主呼吸,术中根据手术刺激大小调整七氟醚浓度为3%～4%;K组患儿诱导时静脉注射氯胺酮1mg/kg,术中间断静脉追加氯胺酮0.5～1.0mg/kg维持麻醉。记录麻醉前(T0)、切皮前(T1)、切皮后1min(T2)、30min(T3)、术毕时(T4)MAP与HR;记录两组患儿意识消失、苏醒、清醒时间;观察两组患儿麻醉期间及麻醉后不良反应情况。结果两组术中镇静、镇痛效果良好,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与K组比较,S组麻醉诱导后及术中血流动力学变化小,意识消失、苏醒、清醒时间短,麻醉期间及麻醉后不良反应发生率低(P<0.05)。结论喉罩下七氟醚吸入麻醉在小儿腹股沟斜疝手术中优于氯胺酮静脉麻醉。     

乌拉地尔预防全麻诱导中血压升高

目的：观察乌拉地尔预防全麻诱导引起的病人血压升高的效果。方法：选择３０ 例择期手术气管内全麻病人（ 男性１８ 例,女性１２ 例,年龄５７ ａ ±ｓ１１ ａ, 体重６２ ｋｇ ±７ ｋｇ） , 用乌拉地尔在麻醉诱导前按０ ．４ ｍｇ／ｋｇ 加入５ ％ 葡萄糖注射液稀释成１０ｍＬ进行静脉注射。观察病人收缩压（ＳＢＰ） 、舒张压（ＤＢＰ） 、平均动脉压（ ＭＡＰ） 、心率（ＨＲ） 和脉搏血氧饱和度（ＳＰＯ２） 。结果：与基础值相比,注射乌拉地尔后ＳＢＰ,ＤＢＰ,ＭＡＰ,均有不同程度下降（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５或Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,ＨＲ 和ＳＰＯ２ 无明显差别（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 。气管插管时ＳＢＰ,ＤＢＰ,ＭＡＰ 和ＳＰＯ２ 无明显差别（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） , ＨＲ 升高（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。结论：全麻诱导前用乌拉地尔可以预防全麻诱导中血压升高。     

地佐辛用于鼻内窥镜手术的临床观察

目的：观察地佐辛用于鼻内窥镜手术患者全身麻醉的临床效果。方法：ASA（美国麻醉医师协会）I或Ⅱ级择期鼻内窥镜手术60例,随机分为地佐辛组（D组）和芬太尼组（F组）各30例。入手术室后,两组均用5 s时间经外周静脉分别静脉注射0.12 mg/kg地佐辛或1.2μg/kg芬太尼,60 s后复合相同药物进行诱导、插管。记录两组入室时（T0）、达到插管条件时（T1）、插管时（T2）、插管后1 min（T3）、插管后4 min（T4）、插管后7 min（T5）各时点MAP（平均动脉压）、HR（心率）和注药后60 s内有无呛咳发生及苏醒时间、苏醒期躁动评分。结果：与T0比较,两组组内T1 MAP、HR下降,两组组内T2、T3、T5 MAP、HR上升,两组组内T4 MAP下降有显著差异（P〈0.05）;与T1比较,两组组内T2、T3 MAP、HR上升有显著差异（P〈0.05）;组间比较,两组各时点MAP、HR无显著差异（P〉0.05）。两组患者注药后60 s内均无呛咳发生,两组患者苏醒期躁动评分0分比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）,两组患者苏醒时间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：静脉注射0.12 mg/kg地佐辛或1.2μg/kg芬太尼均无呛咳发生,复合相同药物用于鼻内窥镜手术诱导两组插管前后血流动力学变化相似、术后苏醒均较快,但前者全麻苏醒期躁动较少。     

大脑状态指数用于老年患者全麻期间麻醉深度监测的临床价值

目的探讨老年患者全麻期间大脑状态指数(CSI)监测的应用价值。方法全麻患者60例,年龄(70±10)岁,随机均分为两组。A组维持CSI于50±5,以此判断麻醉深度并调整用药;B组根据临床经验判断麻醉深度和用药。记录麻醉前(T0)、插管后3min(T1)、切皮时(T2)、探查期(T3)和术毕(T4)时的MAP、HR、SpO2和CSI值,记录苏醒时间。结果 B组T1-T3的MAP、HR普遍低于T0(P<0.05);而A组波动较小。与A组比较,B组T1、T2时的CSI值偏高(P<0.05),2例术中知晓,8例出现苏醒延迟。结论全麻期间依据CSI值用药能维持血流动力学平稳,避免发生术中知晓。     

Influence of alternate nostril breathing on cardiorespiratory and autonomic functions in healthy young adults

Alternate nostril breathing (ANB) may modulate cardio-respiratory and autonomic functions. However, the studies are scarce and results highly conflicting. The present study was conducted in healthy young volunteers comprising of males (n=20) and females (n=20) in range of 17-22 years. In both groups respiratory rate (RR/min), heart rate (HR/ min), systolic blood pressure (SBP; mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; mm Hg), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR; L/min) and galvanic skin resistance (GSR; microV) were recorded thrice; once as control and then after 15 min (acute exposure) and following 8 wks of training in ANB (15 min daily). In males the control RR was 16.60 +/- 2.01, HR 75.75 +/- 11.07, SBP-115.9 +/- 7.33, DBP 70.4 +/- 6.28 and PEFR 550.00 +/- 51.50. After 15 min of ANB-RR (14.75 +/- 1.41, P<0.001), HR (68.45 +/- 12.41, P<0.01) and SBP (113.6 +/- 6.04, P<0.05) fell significantly. After 8 wks of ANB training RR (12.35 +/- 1.35, P<0.0001), HR (63.20 +/- 11.11, P<0.001), SBP (109.5 +/- 5.61, P<0.001), declined to much greater extent and PEFR (571.50 +/- 46.26, P<0.01) rose significantly. In females the control RR was 17.25 +/- 1.89, HR-74.90 +/- 12.85, SBP-106.70 +/- 6.91, DBP-68.70 +/- 5.52 and PEFR-394.50 +/- 44.89. After 15 min of ANB RR (15.05 +/- 1.54, P<0.001) and HR (64.75 +/- 9.80, P<0.001) showed significant decline with concomitant rise in PEFR (407.00 +/- 2.31, P<0.05). Following 8 wks training the decrement in RR (12.60 +/-1.50, P<0.0001) and HR (63.30 +/- 8.65, P<0.001) was maintained. SBP (103.10 +/- 4.92, P<0.001) and DBP (65.8 +/- 5.54, P<0.001) decreased further and PEFR (421.00 +/- 38.51 P<0.001) rose, GSR was unaffected by ANB in both males and females. These results suggest that in general there is a tilt towards parasympathetic dominance by alternate nostril breathing. This breathing may be a useful adjuvant to medical therapy of hypertension and COPD.     

复方利多卡因乳膏涂抹LMA喉罩对乳癌根治术患者全麻苏醒期并发症的防治

目的观察复方利多卡因乳膏涂抹LMA喉罩对乳癌根治术患者全麻苏醒期并发症的防治。方法 80例拟择期在全身麻醉下行乳癌根治术的女性患者,随机分为BIS监测下石蜡油涂抹LMA喉罩组(A组)和石蜡油+复方利多卡因软膏涂抹LMA喉罩组(B组)。对比观察两组手术结束即刻(T1)、吸痰时(T2)、BIS达到75～85拔出喉罩即刻(T3)、拔出喉罩后5 min(T4)时,患者血压(MAP)、心率(HR)及收缩压和心率乘积(RPP值)。观察患者呛咳和躁动发生率。记录患者术后3 d咽痛的发生率。结果在T1时,两组患者血流动力学参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在T2、T3、T4时,与B组比较,A组血压、心率及心率-收缩压乘积(RPP)明显升高(P<0.05)。并且A组在T2、T3、T4时的血压、心率及RPP高于T1时(P<0.05)。B组术后呛咳、躁动的发生率明显小于A组(P<0.05)。结论应用复方利多卡因乳膏进行喉罩全身麻醉可维持苏醒期血流动力学稳定,降低拔出喉罩所引起的呛咳和躁动的发生率。     

靶控输注瑞芬太尼改善七氟醚吸入诱导插管条件的临床观察

目的评价靶控输注瑞芬太尼改善七氟醚诱导用于无肌松药气管插管的临床效果。方法将拟行择期手术全身麻醉的患者46例随机分为2组,复合瑞芬太尼组(Ⅰ组)靶控输注1 ng/mL瑞芬太尼,单纯吸入组(Ⅱ组)输注等量生理盐水。进行七氟醚吸入诱导,气体监测仪监测出呼吸末七氟醚达2.5 MAC,稳定3 min后行气管插管。分别记录诱导前(T0)、诱导后插管前(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)、插管后2 min(T3)和插管后5 min(T4)的MAP、HR和SpO2。结果Ⅰ组患者意识消失时间和插管时间显著短于Ⅱ组,Ⅰ组呼气末七氟醚浓度达2.5 MAC时间较Ⅱ组延长(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组插管条件评分优于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组诱导后MAP和HR显著下降。Ⅱ组诱导后MAP下降,插管后1 min,MAP、HR较基础值显著升高,与Ⅰ组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼1 ng/mL靶控输注复合七氟醚吸入诱导,能较好地控制气管插管的血流动力学反应,在无肌松药条件下,可达到满意的气管插管条件。     

大黄酸对体外大鼠皮质神经元突起长度及微管相关蛋白2mRNA表达的影响

目的研究大黄酸(RH)对大鼠皮质神经元的营养作用,并初步探讨其相关机制。方法体外DMEM/F12+0.4%B27培养新生大鼠皮质神经元,应用神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)免疫细胞化学染色法鉴定神经元。神经元细胞加入RH 2,4和8μmol·L-1作用72 h,计算神经元平均突起长度;或分别同时加入Trk受体拮抗剂K252a 50 nmol·L-1和PI3K抑制剂LY294002 10μmol·L-1测量神经元平均突起长度。MTT法检测细胞存活,并测定培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量。逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)半定量检测MAP2 mRNA表达。结果 NSE及MAP2免疫荧光染色结果显示,绝大多数细胞呈阳性反应,所培养的细胞90%以上为神经元。MTT和LDH检测结果表明,与溶媒对照组相比,RH2,4和8μmol·L-1能明显提高神经元存活率(P<0.01);平均突起长度明显增加(P<0.01)。与RH8μmol·L-1组相比,同时加入K252a 50 nmol·L-1或LY294002 10μmol·L-1,平均突起长度明显缩短(P<0.01)。与溶媒对照组相比,RH 2,4和8μmol·L-1组MAP2 mRNA表达量明显增加(P<0.01)。结论 RH对新生大鼠皮质神经元具有神经营养作用,能促进神经元突起的生长和提高神经元的存活率。RH神经营养作用可能部分通过激活Trk受体,继而激活Ras/PI3K/PKB通路而发挥的。     

右美托咪定改善全身麻醉下老年全膝关节置换术患者术后苏醒期疼痛与躁动效果评价

目的 探讨右美托咪定改善全身麻醉(简称全麻)下老年全膝关节置换术(TKA)患者术后苏醒期疼痛与躁动程度的效果.方法 选取泸州市中医医院2017年3月至2019年3月收治的全麻下老年TKA患者100例,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各50例.观察组患者术前使用微泵缓慢(15 min)静脉注射盐酸右美托咪定注射液0.5...     

Opposite Modulatory Effects of Selective and Non‐Selective Cyclooxygenase Inhibition on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Consequences of Cyclosporine in Female Rats

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine (CSA) are concurrently administered in arthritis. Here, we investigated whether diclofenac (non‐selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase‐1 and 2, COX‐1/COX‐2), celecoxib (selective COX‐2 inhibitor) or SC560 (selective COX‐1 inhibitor) interact variably with haemodynamic effects of CSA in conscious female rats. Changes caused by CSA (10 mg/kg i.v.) in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV) and myocardial contractility were assessed in the absence and presence of individual NSAIDs (10 mg/kg each). Compared with vehicle values, CSA caused immediate and sustained (i) increases in BP and decreases in pulse pressure index (PPI) and HR, (ii) elevations in left ventricular (LV) contractility (dP/dt_max) and isovolumic relaxation constant (Τau) and (iii) increases in the time‐ and frequency‐domain indices of HRV and shifted the cardiac sympathovagal balance towards parasympathetic dominance. CSA hypertension was abolished in rats pre‐treated with celecoxib and intensified in the presence of diclofenac or SC560. Alternatively, the CSA‐evoked decreases in PPI, increases in HRV indices and cardiac parasympathetic dominance were blunted by celecoxib in contrast to no effect for diclofenac or SC560. Similarly, celecoxib, but not other NSAIDs, eliminated the elevated LV contractility (dP/dt_max) and isovolumic relaxation constant (Τau, τ), which reflect cardiac systolic and diastolic function, respectively, that accompanied the CSA‐induced pressure load. The data underscore the preferential capacity of selective COX‐2 inhibition by celecoxib to mitigate CSA hypertension and consequent alterations in cardiac performance and autonomic balance. By contrast, CSA effects are preserved or even exacerbated after COX‐1 inhibition.