多形性黄色星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI诊断

目的：探讨多形性黄色星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现特征。方法：回顾分析10例经手术、病理证实的多形性黄色星形细胞瘤的CT、MR表现特点。其中男6例,女4例,年龄13～50岁,平均28岁。8例行MR平扫及增强扫描,2例行CT平扫及增强扫描。结果：病变好发于脑实质表浅部位,多位于颞叶,单发。7例表现为囊性病变伴有结节,3例为囊实性病变。增强扫描7例囊性结节病变,壁结节均明显强化,4例囊壁无强化,3例囊壁轻度强化;3例囊实性病变呈不均匀强化。结论：多形性黄色星形细胞瘤具有一定的CT、MR表现特征,充分认识这些影像特征有助于提高诊断的准确性。     

多形性黄色星形细胞瘤的CT及MR诊断

目的 分析多形性黄色星形细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现.方法 10例多形性黄色星形细胞瘤均经病理证实,男4例,女6例,年龄19～64岁.10例均行CT检查,其中4例强化.8例行MR平扫及强化检查.结果 多形性黄色星形细胞瘤主要CT及MR影像特点:脑表浅部位的带附壁结节的囊性或囊实性肿块,壁结节与实性部分明显强化,T1呈混杂信号,T2呈高或混杂信号,有时可见轻度瘤周水肿.结论 多形性黄色星形细胞瘤具有一定的影像学特征,可做出明确术前诊断或诊断意向.     

儿童多形性黄色瘤型星形细胞瘤的影像学特征

 目的 探讨儿童多形性黄色瘤型星形细胞瘤(pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma,PXA)的CT及MRI表现,分析并总结其影像学特征。方法 回顾性分析2009-07至2018-12医院经病理证实的儿童PXA的临床及影像资料,经入选及排除标准筛选,共12例患者入组,术前及术后均行CT、MRI检查。结果 12例中6例病变位于颞叶,首发症状为癫发作7例;影像上肿瘤完全实性1例,实性为主4例,囊实性混杂3例,囊内伴附壁结节4例,增强后肿瘤实性部分均有强化,囊内伴附壁结节类型肿瘤囊壁亦强化,瘤周水肿9例,钙化5例;术后病变全切除10例,病理证实为WHO Ⅱ级肿瘤6例。结论 儿童PXA多位于大脑半球表浅位置,颞叶居多,癫发作最常见;多伴有不同程度的囊性改变,肿瘤实性部分均有强化,囊壁亦可强化,水肿及钙化较常见,正确诊断尚需与儿童幕上常见肿瘤鉴别。     

毛细胞星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI诊断分析

目的探讨毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI特征。方法回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现。结果（1）病变好发于小脑,8例毛细胞星形细胞瘤中,起源于幕下者5例。幕上者3例。（2）肿瘤呈类圆形,伴不同程度囊变,根据囊变程度可分为囊肿型、囊肿结节型和肿块型,以囊肿结节型最多见;（3）肿瘤囊性部分CT平扫呈低密度,MR平扫T1WI呈明显低信号,T2W1呈明显高信号;肿瘤实性部分、囊壁及壁结节CT呈等或稍低密度,MRT1W1呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号。增强后肿瘤囊壁不强化或轻度强化,壁结节及实性部分明显强化,囊性部分不强化;（4）肿瘤边界清楚,瘤周无水肿;（5）肿瘤出血与钙化少见。结论毛细胞型星形细胞瘤在CT、MRI表现具有一定特征性,可为临床术前提供信息。     

毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现

目的 探讨毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI特征.资料与方法 回顾性分析16例经手术病理证实的毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现.结果 毛细胞型星形细胞瘤影像学表现有以下特点:(1)青少年易发病,20岁以下多见;(2)病变好发于小脑;(3)肿瘤呈类圆形,伴有不同程度囊变,根据囊变程度可分为囊肿型、囊肿结节型和肿块型,以囊肿结节型最多见;(4)肿瘤囊性部分CT平扫呈低密度,MR T1WI呈明显低信号,T2WI呈明显高信号;肿瘤实性部分、囊壁及壁结节CT呈等或稍低密度,MR T1WI呈等或稍低信号, T2WI呈稍高信号.增强后肿瘤囊壁不强化或轻度强化,壁结节及实性部分明显强化,囊性部分不强化;(5)肿瘤边界清楚,瘤周无水肿;(6)肿瘤出血与钙化少见.结论 毛细胞型星形细胞瘤在CT、MRI上表现有一定特征,有助于术前与其他肿瘤的鉴别.     

儿童脑多形性黄色星形细胞瘤的MRI分析

目的 :分析儿童期脑多形性黄色星形细胞瘤 (PXA)的MRI表现。方法 :对经手术病理证实的 7例儿童期脑PXA的MRI资料进行回顾性分析 ,研究肿瘤的部位、形态和信号特征。结果 :7例肿瘤均呈囊实性 ,位于脑表浅部位 ,3例边界清楚 ,4例边界欠清楚。肿瘤实质与脑灰质比较在T1WI呈低信号 ,在T2 WI呈混合性高信号 ,增强后肿瘤实性部分和壁结节明显强化 ,3例囊性伴壁结节的肿瘤中 2例囊壁有强化 ,1例无强化。结论 :儿童期脑PXA多起源于脑表浅部位 ,颞叶为最常见部位 ,肿瘤常呈囊实性 ,增强后肿瘤实性部分和壁结节明显强化。     

多形性黄色星形细胞瘤影像学表现与病理学分析

目的探讨多形性黄色星形细胞瘤(PXA)的影像学及病理学表现.方法回顾性分析2003-2011年间共12例经手术病理证实的 PXA 病人组织病理学、免疫组织化学和影像学资料.12例病人均行 MRI 平扫及增强检查,其中5例行 CT 平扫,2例行 CT 平扫和增强扫描.结果12例病人病理组织学均可见不同程度囊变,瘤细胞呈明显多形性,肿瘤中有淋巴组织浸润,少有坏死,核分裂少或无.其中10例表达 CD34.12例病人肿瘤均为单发,位于幕上.MRI 平扫时实性部分 T1WI 呈等信号或稍低信号,T2WI 为等信号或稍高信号;囊性部分 T1WI呈低信号,T2WI 呈高信号.MR 增强扫描时肿瘤实性部分和壁结节明显强化.5例病人进行 CT 平扫,3例表现为低密度囊性病变伴等密度结节,2例呈低密度囊性病变,未见明显结节影;增强扫描可见明显的强化结节.结论 PXA具有一定的影像和病理学特征,综合对比分析可以确定诊断.     

成人幕上毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨成人幕上毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的MRI影像表现。方法：回顾性分析16例病理证实的成人幕上毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的MRI影像资料。结果：16例中单发14例，多发2例。7例肿块位于脑表面者，相邻的颅骨均见弧形受压、变薄。肿块呈囊实性，椭圆形，境界清楚，无瘤周水肿，T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈混杂高信号，增强后实性部分呈多环状或不规则强化，囊壁强化或无强化。结论：成人幕上大脑半球毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的MRI表现具有一定特征，MRI可提示诊断和指导临床治疗。     

儿童小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现

目的分析儿童小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT及MRI图像特征,以期提高该病的诊断率。方法收集经手术病理证实的小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤儿童患者12例,对本病的CT及MRI表现进行回顾性分析。结果本组12例均为单发,其中6例位于左侧小脑半球,4例位于右侧小脑半球,2例位于小脑蚓部;根据成分不同分为3型,即囊性、囊实性和实性为主;囊性部分CT平扫呈低密度,MR平扫呈T_1WI低信号、T_2WI高信号。实性部分及壁结节CT平扫呈略低或等密度,MR平扫T_1WI呈略低或等信号、T_2WI呈略高信号或等信号。瘤体边界清晰,瘤周水肿轻或无。增强后囊性部分无强化,囊壁不同程度强化,实性部分及壁结节明显不均匀强化。结论儿童小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现具有一定特征性,本病需与其它某些小脑病变相鉴别。     

颅内单发转移瘤的CT诊断及误诊分析

目的：探讨颅内单发转移瘤的CT表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析42例经手术病理证实或临床综合诊断确诊的颅内单发转移瘤CT表现。结果病灶位于皮质及皮质下区34例，小脑5例，松果体区2例，桥脑1例。 CT平扫表现为：囊实性23例，实性12例，囊性7例；增强扫描表现为4种类型：囊实形强化17例，不规则环形强化12例，结节形强化9例，均匀强化4例；38例瘤周水肿较明显。误诊为胶质瘤13例，脑膜瘤4例，生殖细胞瘤例2例，脑脓肿2例。结论颅内单发转移瘤多位于大脑灰白质交界区，CT表现多样，可表现为结节、环形及囊实性不规则形，多伴有明显水肿，水肿与周围组织分界较清晰，当缺乏原发病史时，易与颅内其他单发病变混淆，年龄、发生部位、边界、增强形态等有助于鉴别诊断。     

Acinic cell carcinoma of the head and neck: radiologic-pathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: To describe and correlate the imaging and pathologic findings of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) in the head and neck. METHODS: We reviewed the radiologic findings of 12 patients with pathologically proven ACC in the head and neck. They were 6 males and 6 females (ages: 5-75 years, mean 36 years) who undergoing computed tomography (CT, n=9) and CT with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (n=3). RESULTS: The lesions in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland were solid (n=7), cystic (n=1), and cystic mass with mural nodule (n=1) on CT. A parapharyngeal lesion was cystic mass with mural nodule, and a submandibular and a palate tumor were cystic lesions on CT. All solid masses in the parotid gland (n=7) included focal low-attenuating portions on CT, which were microcyst, hemorrhage, or necrosis on pathologic examination. We could not find intratumoral calcifications or metastatic lymphadenopathy on imaging and histologic studies in all 12 cases. Internal hemorrhage on the MR images was seen in a parapharyngeal and a parotid lesion. CONCLUSION: Although ACC appears to have nonspecific imaging findings, familiarity with some imaging features can be helpful for differential diagnosis of head and neck tumors.     

MRI of temporal lobe pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) are classically supratentorial, peripherally located, well-circumscribed, partially cystic neoplasms, which can enhance on CT following the administration of intravenous contrast agents. Focal calcification may also be seen. Although the CT appearance has been described, we report the MR findings in two cases of histologically documented temporal lobe PXA. The two well-circumscribed lesions were predominantly cystic and both contained a Gd-DTPA enhancing mural nodule. The latter was isointense with gray matter on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted scans. Minimal surrounding edema was present. Histologically, PXA may be confused with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) due to the pronounced cellular pleomorphism. Because of their potentially more indolent behavior compared with GBM, it is important to recognize the gross morphologic characteristics of this rare tumor on MR. The MR pattern of a cystic lesion with enhancing mural nodule is characteristic of PXA, but not diagnostic, and other lower grade gliomas such as ganglioglioma and pilocytic astrocytoma need to be considered. The MR and CT appearance of PXA can provide critical information for the pathologist, especially when only a small amount of tissue is obtained for histologic evaluation.     

Imaging features of ischial bursitis with an emphasis on ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the imaging features of ischial bursitis with an emphasis on ultrasonography (US). DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Our study included 31 patients with a painful mass or tenderness in their buttock who underwent US (n=27), CT (n=1), or MR imaging (n=4). A needle aspiration (n=6) or a bursal excision (n=5) was performed in those patients who had no clinical improvement in spite of the conservative treatment. Evaluation included lesion location, size, wall of the bursae, and intrinsic characteristics on US, CT and MR imaging. RESULTS: Ischial bursitis was superficial to the ischial tuberosity in all patients (n=31). The lesion ranged from 1.5 cm to 7 cm (average 3.8 cm) in diameter. The bursal wall was identifiable in 25 cases (81%). Internal septa and mural nodules were seen in 12 (39%) and 17 cases (55%), respectively. Sonography showed that fluid within the bursa was hypoechoic (59%), hyperechoic (26%), or of mixed echogenicity (15%). The bursae were compressible by the transducer. Power Doppler examination (n=7) showed hypervascularity of the bursal wall. All lesions imaged with contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging had an enhancing thin wall and mural nodule. CONCLUSIONS: Ischial bursitis, superficial to the ischial tuberosity, can be clearly demonstrated on sonography and appears as a thin-walled cystic lesion, with or without internal septa and mural nodules.     

囊性肾癌的超声与CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨超声及CT对囊性肾癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术和病例证实的25例囊性肾癌的超声及CT表现。结果:依据各种不同的影像学表现将囊性肾癌分为:单房囊肿型,多房囊肿型,附隔、壁结节型和囊实混合型四类。其特点为:囊壁及囊内间隔局部不规则增厚或附有实性结节,以囊性为主的囊实性肿块;增厚的囊壁、间隔或附壁结节内可见强化。结论:超声及CT检查对囊性肾癌的诊断与鉴别诊断具有一定的临床实用价值。     

多房囊性肾细胞癌的CT分析

目的:探讨多房性囊性肾细胞癌的CT表现特点及诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实的多房性囊性肾细胞癌患者的CT图像及相关临床资料。结果:病变位于右肾8例,左肾5例。病灶直径4~25cm,平均13cm。病灶由多个囊腔和分隔构成,5例伴附壁结节,2例见囊壁钙化,增强后囊壁、分隔和壁结节可有强化。结论:多房囊性肾细胞癌的CT表现有一定特征性。CT在多房性囊性肾细胞癌的诊断中具有重要作用,但在鉴别时仍有一定难度。     

Optic nerve cysticercosis: imaging findings

We present the imaging findings of retrobulbar optic nerve cysticercosis in a 50-year-old woman with a 6-month history of vision loss. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed an approximately 7-mm ring-enhancing cyst with a mural nodule located in the anterior portion of the left optic nerve. A contrast-enhanced MR imaging study revealed a cystic lesion with peripheral enhancement of the mural nodule. Sonography showed a cystic mass with a focal area of increased echogenicity corresponding to the mural nodule.     

MR and CT imaging of 24 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) and a review of the literature

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to review the imaging appearance of PXA, a rare and usually low-grade, astrocytic tumor that typically occurs in young adults. METHODS: The clinical presentation, location and imaging findings on CT (n = 15) and MR (n = 18) of 24 pathologically confirmed PXA were retrospectively reviewed. Two morphologic patterns were defined according to imaging features. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: All the neoplasms were supratentorial and superficial in location with obvious leptomeningeal contact in 22 patients, although leptomeningeal enhancement was demonstrated in only 3. Common locations were temporal (42%), frontal (33%) and parietal (21%), and more than one lobe was involved in 21% of patients. On CT without contrast enhancement, PXA was an iso- or hypoattenuating mass, and calcification was seen in six tumors and inner table remodeling was seen in three patients younger than 12 years. On MR, the solid component of PXA was isointense relative to gray matter on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images in more than 90% and enhanced intensely following intravenous contrast material administration. Cystic areas showed hyperintensity relative to CSF. Two imaging patterns were differentiated: first a cystic mass containing a mural nodule (70%) and second a predominantly solid mass that may show cystic changes (30%). CONCLUSION: The most consistent imaging features of PXA were a superficial location, leptomeningeal contact, and enhancement of the solid component. Apart from the classical PXA appearance of a cystic lesion with an enhancing mural nodule, a second pattern consisting of a predominantly solid mass was recognized.