胃食管反流病患者夜间反流和睡眠障碍调查

胃食管反流病(GERD)属于消化系统疾病,以反流为主要症状,日间反流特点是次数多,时间短;夜间反流次数少,时间长,因此对生活质量(QOL)影响大。本文旨在调查GERD患者夜间反流及睡眠障碍发生情况,为提高其QOL提供依据。     

某三级医院老年胃食管反流病患者夜间反流与睡眠障碍关系分析

背景胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD)反流症状严重影响患者生活质量,日间反流明显,但反流时间较短,对生活质量影响较小;而夜间反流虽频率低,但持续时间较长,严重影响患者睡眠质量.因此, GERD夜间反流影响睡眠已成为临床医护人员研究的热点之一,也是当前急需解决的重要问题.目的观察某三级医院老年GERD患者夜间反流与睡眠障碍关系分析.方法选择2017-02/2019-08在浙江省金华市第二医院就诊的老年胃食管反流患者240例为研究对象进行调查,包括夜间反流症状发生率,睡眠障碍的表现及夜间反流与睡眠障碍的关系.结果240例老年GERD患者中无夜间反流者36例(15.0%),有夜间反流者204例(85.0%);过去1 mo内, 204例夜间反流GERD患者平均每周夜间反流发生次数≤1次者34例(16.67%), 2次者78例(38.24%),2次者52例(25.49%).36例无夜间反流症状者中9例(25.0%)存在睡眠障碍. 204例有夜间反流症状者204例(100.0%),均存在睡眠障碍,睡眠障碍发生率明显高于无夜间反流症状者,差异比较有统计学意义(P0.05). 77.94%的患者存在睡眠质量下降; 70.10%的患者存在日间残留效应; 55.88%的患者睡眠潜伏期延长;潜伏期延长时以入睡时间30-40 min为主; 53.92%的患者总睡眠时间缩短,多为4-5 h; 51.96%的患者存在睡眠维持障碍,每周夜醒4-7次. 204例GERD患者夜间反流有106例(51.96%)需要药物治疗,其中口服雷贝拉唑36例(33.96%),口服奥美拉唑20例(18.87%),口服西咪替丁片30例(28.30%),口服安眠药20例(18.87%),有效率达96.23%(102/106).结论夜间反流可能是影响老年GERD患者睡眠障碍的原因之一,在临床中应重视质子泵抑制剂的治疗.     

胃食管反流病与睡眠障碍

胃食管反流病患者发生夜间烧心的现象非常普遍,在相当一部分患者中会导致睡眠障碍和工作效率的下降,近年的研究已开始注重探索这二者的联系并提出可能的治疗方案.     

胃食管反流病与睡眠障碍的相关性

胃食管反流病与睡眠障碍的关系是近年来的研究热点。胃食管反流病与睡眠障碍存在着双向联系,两者互为因果且可以互相加重。抑酸药可改善患者的反流症状及睡眠障碍。益生菌通过改善胃肠动力,可减少胃食管反流的发生,并可降低睡眠障碍的发生率。因此,对胃食管反流症状及睡眠障碍的治疗除了给予常规抑酸及催眠药外,还可给予补充益生菌,发挥其对胃肠道功能及睡眠障碍的改善作用。     

伴特发性肺纤维化的胃食管反流病患者夜间酸暴露特点

背景:胃食管反流是特发性肺纤维化(IPF)发生的危险因素之一,夜间反流在胃食管反流病(GERD)食管外表现中起重要作用。目的:研究伴IPF的GERD患者夜间食管酸暴露的特点。方法:选取2006年12月～2008年1月北京朝阳医院收治的16例IPF-GERD患者、32例GERD患者和16例健康志愿者(非GERD)。各组患者行24 h食管pH监测,对夜间8 h内(10pm-6am)的酸暴露程度,包括pH4的时间百分比、酸清除时间、反流次数、长反流(5 min)次数、最长反流时间等指标进行分析。结果:14例(87.5%)IPF-GERD患者存在夜间酸暴露,其程度高于非GERD组(P0.05),而与GERD患者无明显差异(P0.05)。IPF-GERD组患者前半夜pH4的时间百分比显著高于后半夜(12.2%±3.9%对1.1%±0.5%,P0.05),GERD组两者无明显差异(10.8%±2.7%对5.1%±1.8%,P0.05)。结论:大部分IPF-GERD患者存在夜间酸暴露,其主要发生于前半夜。     

质子泵抑制剂对胃食管反流病夜间反流症状的疗效——华北地区数据分析

背景:胃食管反流病(GERD)与睡眠障碍密切相关.质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)是改善GERD患者反流症状的主要手段.目的:探讨PPIs在我国华北地区一般GERD人群中对夜间反流症状及其相关睡眠障碍的疗效.方法:本研究为一项多中心前瞻性观察性研究.研究纳入2017年7月—2018年3月就诊于华北地区11家三级医院、有夜间烧心...     

不同反流类型难治性胃食管反流病患者情绪障碍特点分析

[目的]分析不同反流类型的难治性胃食管反流病(rGERD)患者情绪障碍特点.[方法]入选rGERD患者182例,所有患者行食管高分辨率测压以及24 h pH-阻抗监测检查,将其分为酸反流(AR)组106例、弱酸反流(WAR)组61例和非酸反流(NAR)组15例.并对各组患者进行HAMA、HAMD和GERD-HRQL量表...     

夜间酸突破现象与胃食管反流病

胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease，GERD)是指胃或十二指肠内容物反流入食管导致的一系列慢性症状和食管黏膜损伤，包括非糜烂性反流性食管病(non—erosive reflx disease，NERD)和传统意义上的反流性食管炎(reflux esophagitis，RE)及其并发症如食管狭窄、食管溃疡和Barrett食管等。     

19例胃食管反流病患者根除幽门螺杆菌后食管酸反流的变化

目的：在胃食管反流病(GRED)患者根除幽门螺杆菌(Hp)是否会加重胃食管反流目前存在很大争议。本研究将采用食管内24h pH监测及食管测压检查的方法，定量观察GERD患者根除Hp治疗前后食管酸暴露及食管动力的变化。方法：连续选取我院门诊就诊的Hp阳性GERD患者。Hp感染诊断依据RUT和UBT或UBT和血清学检查。所有入选对象均在内镜检查后1～3d内行食管内24h pH监测和食管测压检查，同时评估反流症状。给予1周三联根除Hp治疗(奥美拉唑20mg，克拉霉素0．25g，阿莫仙1．0g，均bid)。疗程结束3个月后^14C—UBT检查，证实Hp根除者复查食管内24h pH监测和食管测压，同时重新评估反流症状。随访期间不用抑酸剂及促动力剂。结果：共23例Hp阳性GERD患者入选了本研究，其中19例患者完成了根除Hp前后的对比研究。在入选时有6例患者内镜下表现符合反流性食管炎，24h食管内pH监测提示病理性反流者10例。在确定根除Hp3个月后反酸、腹痛症状明显改善，食管24h pH监测各项参数与根除前相比均无显著性差异。LESP根除前10mm Hg(7．7—15．9)，根除后15mm Hg(10—20．6)，前后相比有显著性差异。食管体蠕动无明显改变。结论：本研究在GERD患者根除Hp3个月后反流症状有改善，食管酸暴露情况无明显变化，LESP较根除前增高，提示在GERD患者根除Hp有可能改善胃食管反流症状。     

胃食管反流病夜间酸突破与食管酸暴露的关系探讨

目的探讨胃食管反流病(GERD)患者夜间酸突破(NAB)与食管酸暴露的关系。方法将45例GERD患者随机分为两组,对照组(21例)给予雷贝拉唑钠10 mg早晚各1次口服,试验组(24例)治疗同对照组外晚间睡前另加服雷尼替丁150 mg,疗程共7 d。两组治疗前后行24 h食管、胃pH监测,及反流诊断问卷评分(RDQ),并进行比较。结果加服雷尼替丁组夜间酸突破的发生率为20.83%,单用雷贝拉唑钠组为57.14%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论食管酸暴露和食管反流症状的控制不依赖于夜间酸突破的缓解,更大程度上取决于食管动力异常的改善。     

老年人胃食管反流病及其治疗

目的 了解老年胃食管反流病（GERD）患者夜间酸突破现象（NAB）及制定治疗方案。方法 胃镜确诊GERD患者32例，随机分为4组（分别为A、B、C、D组），每组8例。A组：奥美拉唑（商品名洛赛克）20mg，每日1次口服（晨6时），B组：奥美拉唑20mg，每日2次口服（晨6时及临睡前服），C组：奥美拉唑40mg，每日2次口服（晨6时及临睡前服），D组：奥美拉唑20mg，每日1次口服（晨6时），同时临睡前加服雷尼替丁150mg。所有患者于用药治疗第5天连续24h监测胃内pH值。结果 NAB发生情况：A组5例，较B组1例、C组0例和D组2例明显增多（P〈0．05）。结论 老年GERD患者的NAB发生与奥美拉唑的用药剂量、用药方法有明显关系，在使用奥美拉唑基础上夜间睡前服用小剂量H2受体拮抗剂（不能长期用）能明显减少NAB的发生。     

Basal acid output and gastric acid hypersecretion in gastroesophageal reflux disease

The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible differences in basal gastric acid secretion with regard to severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Basal acid output was determined by nasogastric suction in 228 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who received upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and were diagnosed with either pyrosis alone (N = 98), erosive esophagitis with or without pyrosis (N = 87), or Barrett's esophagus (N = 43). Mean basal acid output for the 228 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease was 6.5 ± 5.6 meq/hr, which was significantly different from 65 normal subjects with a mean basal acid output of 3.0 ± 2.7 meq/hr (P < 0.0001). Compared to normal subjects, mean basal acid outputs significantly differed for patients with pyrosis (P < 0.05), esophagitis (P < 0.01), and Barrett's esophagus (P < 0.01). There was also a significant difference in mean basal acid output between the patients with pyrosis and Barrett's esophagus (P < 0.01). Nineteen of the 98 patients with pyrosis (19%), 24 of the 87 patients with esophagitis (28%), and 15 of the 43 patients with Barrett's esophagus (35%) had gastric acid hypersecretion (basal acid output greater than 10.0 meq/hr). One hundred forty-six patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease were treated with ranitidine in doses that resulted in complete healing of esophagitis and disappearance of pyrosis. Ninety-three patients responded to ranitidine 300 mg/day; however, 53 patients required increased dose of ranitidine (mean 1205 mg/day, range 600–3000 mg/day). There was a significant correlation between basal acid output and daily ranitidine dose required for therapy for the 146 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (r = 0.53,P = 0.0001). Furthermore, a significant association was also found between the presence of gastric acid hypersecretion and the requirement for increased doses of ranitidine (greater than 300 mg/day) (P = 0.00001). These results indicate that there is a subset of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who do have idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion. Moreover, these patients have an apparently higher requirement for medication dosage in order to achieve therapeutic efficacy.     

Postprandial proximal gastric acid pocket and gastroesophageal reflux disease

An unbuffered layer of acidity that escapes neutralization by food has been demonstrated in volunteers and gastroesophageal reflux disease patients. This postprandial proximal gastric acid pocket (PPGAP) is manometrically defined by the presence of acid reading (pH < 4) in a segment of the proximal stomach between nonacid segments distally (food) and proximally (lower esophageal sphincter or distal esophagus). The PPGAP may have important clinical implications; however, it is still poorly understood. Gastric anatomy and physiology seem to be important elements for PPGAP genesis. Gastric operations and acid suppression medications may decrease distal – proximal intragastric acid reflux and help control gastroesophageal reflux.     

Gastroesophageal reflux disease and sleep disturbances

Nighttime reflux during sleep plays a crucial role in several conditions associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Reflux patterns during arousal and sleep are different because of delayed gastric emptying, reduced esophageal peristalsis, decreases in swallowing and salivary secretion, and prolonged esophageal clearance during sleep. Clinical evidence strongly suggests that GERD is associated with sleep disturbances such as shorter sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, arousals during sleep, poor sleep quality, and awakening early in the morning. New mechanisms on how GERD affects sleep have been recently identified by using actigraphy, and sleep deprivation was found to induce esophageal hyperalgesia to acid perfusion. Thus, the relationship between GERD and sleep disturbances is bidirectional. Among lifestyle modifications, avoidance of a late night meal plays a role in prevention of nighttime reflux. Treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) improves both nighttime symptoms and subjective sleep parameters, but its effects on objective sleep parameters remain unclear. Better control of nighttime acid secretion by administering a PPI at different times or by providing a double-dose PPI, adding H(2) receptor antagonists, or other new agents is proposed. The effects of such treatments on sleep disturbances remain to be elucidated. GERD patients with sleep disturbances report more severe symptoms and poorer quality of life as compared to those without sleep disturbances. Consequently, GERD should also be classified as GERD with sleep disturbance and GERD without sleep disturbance.     

胃内酸袋及其与胃食管反流病相关性的研究进展

胃内酸袋是位于胃食管连接部的一个特殊区域,其发生机制至今仍不清楚,可能与餐后胃内食物缓冲不均匀、食管裂孔疝、进食种类及餐后酸反流等因素有关,并可能与胃食管反流病(GERD)有重要相关性.     

胃内酸袋与胃食管反流病的研究进展

胃食管反流病是一种胃内容物反流引起不适症状和(或)并发症的一种疾病,其发病与食管下括约肌(inferior esophageal sphincter,LES)一过性松弛、食管酸清除功能障碍以及食管抗反流屏障下降等机制有关。研究表明,胃内酸袋的存在亦为导致胃食管反流病发生的机制之一。本文就胃内酸袋与胃食管反流病的关系作一综述。     

Associations among gastroesophageal reflux disease,psychological stress,and sleep disturbances in Japanese adults

Background and aim: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and psychological stress are associated with sleep disturbances. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression by GERD subtypes and to identify factors associated with sleep disturbances in general population.

Methods: A total of 2002 Japanese subjects, who underwent annual health checkups, were enrolled and asked to fill out a questionnaire, including the frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Rome III questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). GERD was divided into asymptomatic erosive reflux disease (a-ERD), symptomatic ERD (s-ERD), and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), according to the presence or absence of esophageal mucosal injury on endoscopy, and the FSSG scores. Sleep disturbances were diagnosed in subjects with AIS score ≥6.

Results: Prevalence of sleep disturbances was significantly higher in GERD subjects than in controls (35.9 and 14.7%, respectively), especially, in the NERD group (45.1%). Sleep duration was significantly shorter in the s-ERD group compared with other groups. Subjects in the NERD and s-ERD groups showed higher HADS scores, resulting in higher incidences of anxiety and depression than those in the control and a-ERD groups. Reflux symptoms, anxiety, depression, and coexisting functional dyspepsia, but not the presence of esophageal mucosal injury, were associated with an increased odds ratio for sleep disturbances.

Conclusion: There were significant positive associations among reflux symptoms, psychological stress, and sleep disturbance in Japanese adults. Further studies investigating the efficacy of therapy are needed.     

Influence of spontaneous sleep positions on nighttime recumbent reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

OBJECTIVE: Body position has been shown to influence postprandial and fasting gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in patients and normal volunteers when they are assigned to lie in a prescribed position. No published studies have evaluated the effect of spontaneous sleeping positions on recumbent reflux in patients with GER. METHODS: Ten patients, three female and seven male (mean age 47.6 yr, range 30-67 yr) with abnormal recumbent esophageal pH <4 on 24-h pH-metry participated. A standardized high fat dinner (6 PM) and a bedtime snack (10 PM) were administered to all patients. GER during spontaneous sleep positions was assessed with a single channel pH probe placed 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and with a position sensor taped to the sternum. Data were recorded with a portable digital data logger (Microdigitrapper-S, Synectics Medical) and analyzed for recumbent percent time pH <4 and esophageal acid clearance time in each of four sleeping positions. Time elapsed between change in sleeping position and GER episodes was also calculated. RESULTS: Right lateral decubitus was associated with greater percent time pH <4 (p < 0.003) and longer esophageal acid clearance (p < 0.05) compared to the left, supine, and prone. GER episodes were more frequent in the supine position (p < 0.04) and occurred within 1 min after change in sleeping position 28% of the time. CONCLUSIONS: The left lateral decubitus position is preferred in patients with nocturnal GER. Measures to aid patients in sleeping in this position should be developed.     

Impaired gastric motility and its relationship to reflux symptoms in patients with nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease

Background  More than half of patients with refluxrelated symptoms have no endoscopic evidence of mucosal breaks. These patients are considered to have nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD). The pathogenesis of NERD may be multifactorial, but the role played by gastric motility in symptom generation in patients with NERD has not been examined. In this study, we elucidate gastric motility in patients with NERD and the efficacy of a prokinetic agent in the treatment of NERD. Methods  Gastric motility was evaluated with electrogastrography (EGG) and by measurement of gastric emptying using the acetaminophen method in 26 patients with NERD and in 11 matched healthy controls. NERD patients were treated with a prokinetic agent (mosapride 15 mg, orally three times daily) for a period of 4 weeks, after which gastric motility was measured again. Results  Compared with the healthy controls, the NERD patients showed a significantly lower percentage of normogastria, a lower power ratio in EGG, and delayed gastric emptying. Ten patients had normal gastric motor function (group A), and 16 showed abnormalities of either gastric myoelectrical activity or gastric emptying (group B). After treatment with mosapride, gastric motility improved significantly in both groups of patients compared with pretreatment values. The subjective assessment by the patient after the treatment was improved in 20.0% of group A versus 62.5% of group B patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions  Gastric hypomotility appears to be an important factor in reflux symptom generation in some NERD patients.