粉防己碱对兔血小板聚集和血小板活化因子生成的影响(英文)

目的:探讨粉防己碱(Tet)对兔血小板聚集和PAF生成的影响.方法:卡西霉素(Cal)和PAF诱导血小板聚集的聚集率和Tet对血小板聚集的抑制率被测定;给予或未给予Tet处理之血小板用Cal刺激释放PAF的量也被测定.结果:在4—64 μmol·L~(-1)浓度范围,Tet明显抑制Cal和PAF诱导的血小板聚集.IC_(50)值分别为8.6μmol·L~(-1)和14.0μmol·L~(-1).Tet也浓度依赖性的抑制Cal诱导血小板释放PAF,IC_(50)值为21.0μmol·L~(-1).结论:Tet抑制血小板聚集作用与抑制内源性PAF生成有关.     

粉防己碱与牛磺酸合用对血小板聚集与血栓形成的影响

粉防己碱（Ｔｅｔ）和牛磺酸（Ｔａｕ）均能抑制ＡＤＰ、胶原和凝血酶诱导的大鼠血小板聚集及血栓形成。Ｔｅｔ抑制ＡＤＰ诱导聚集较强，Ｔａｕ则对胶原作用最明显，二药减半量合并应用时，较各药单用强     

商陆皂甙甲抑制大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放血小板活化因子

卡西霉素(A_(23187))刺激大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放血小板活化因子(PAF),用洗涤血小板聚集的方法测定,证明商陆皂甙甲在0.1～100μmol/L浓度范围内及所试的时间范围内,呈剂量及时间依赖性抑制大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放PAF:商陆皂甙甲可能就是通过抑制体内PAF生成而起抗炎作用的。     

商陆皂甙甲抑制大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放血小板活化因子

卡西霉素(A₂₃₁₈₇)刺激大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放血小板活化因子(PAF),用洗涤血小板聚集的方法测定,证明商陆皂甙甲在0.1～100μmol/L浓度范围内及所试的时间范围内,呈剂量及时间依赖性抑制大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放PAF:商陆皂甙甲可能就是通过抑制体内PAF生成而起抗炎作用的。     

粉防己碱抑制自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化

目的：观察粉防己碱对自发性高血压大鼠心肌胶原和心肌僵硬度的作用。方法：测定羟脯氨酸表示胶原的量，胃酶抽提法和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ方法测定胶原Ⅰ／Ⅲ型比例，离体灌注大鼠心脏测定左室心肌舒张僵硬度。结果：粉防己碱显著降低心肌胶原浓度和含量，降低胶原Ⅰ／Ⅲ型比例，改善心肌舒张僵硬度。结论：粉防己碱因其有效的抗纤维化作用，能逆转心肌舒张功能障碍。     

家兔血小板密度与其聚集和ATP释放反应及细胞内游离钙动员的关系(英文)

目的:研究血小板密度与其功能及单细胞内游离钙动员的关系.方法:以Percoll间断梯度离心法及萤光图像法评价和测量血小板密度及细胞内钙浓度.结果:家兔血小板可分为高(HD),中(ID)和低(LD)三个密度亚群,各亚群之间大小明显差异,且与密度相关(r=0.988,P<0.01).0.5U凝血酶的聚集和ATP释放反应HD均较LD强.150U凝血酶剌激后,单血小板内游离钙水平HD明显高于其它亚群(P<0.01).尽管血清素3μmolL~(-1)无聚集和释放反应,但对细胞内游离钙影响的结果与凝血酶相似.结论:家兔血小板的功能及单细胞内游离钙水平随血小板的密度增加而增强.     

粉防己碱抑制大鼠慢性“炎症”性肺动脉高压

目的：观察粉防己碱（Ｔｅｔ）对ｍｏｎｏｃｒｏｔａｌｉｎｅ（Ｍｏｎ）引起的肺血管收缩和肺血管增生性改变的影响。方法：应用Ｍｏｎ引起的炎性肺动脉高压大鼠模型。结果：每日ｉｇ Ｔｅｔ５０,１００及１５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１,三周后肺动脉压分别比Ｍｏｎ组低２３．８％（Ｐ〉０．０５）,３４．９％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和４２．０％（Ｐ〈０．０５）;右心指数分别比Ｍｏｎ组低２．０％（Ｐ〉０．０５）,２５．０％（Ｐ〉０．０     

眼镜蛇毒金属蛋白酶atrase A抗血小板聚集作用及机制

目的研究中华眼镜蛇毒金属蛋白酶atrase A对血小板聚集的影响及其相关的机制。方法测定atrase A对二磷酸腺苷、胶原、血小板活化因子、花生四烯酸、瑞斯托霉素、凝血酶诱导血小板聚集的影响情况,并通过蛋白质免疫印迹检测atrase A对血小板膜糖蛋白和血管假血友病因子的酶切情况。结果中华眼镜蛇毒金属蛋白酶atrase A能明显抑制由瑞斯托霉素和凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集,这种抑制作用呈量效、时效关系。而atrase A和血小板预孵5min后对二磷酸腺苷、胶原、血小板活化因子、花生四烯酸诱导的血小板聚集有微弱的抑制作用,预孵时间延长至30min对血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用。蛋白质免疫印迹结果显示atrase A能特异性酶切血小板膜糖蛋白GPIb,但对vWF几乎没有酶切作用。结论中华眼镜蛇毒金属蛋白酶atrase A对二磷酸腺苷、胶原、血小板活化因子、花生四烯酸、瑞斯托霉素、凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集均有抑制作用,其中对瑞斯托霉素和凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集具有明显的抑制作用,其机制是通过酶切血小板膜糖蛋白GPIb。     

槲皮素对血小板聚集和胞浆游离钙的影响(英文)

目的:研究槲皮素对凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集和胞浆游离钙浓度的影响及钙对槲皮素的血小板聚集抑制效应的作用。方法:用荧光钙离子指示剂观察槲皮素对血小板胞浆游离钙的影响.结果:槲皮素明显抑制凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集和游离钙的升高.IC_(50)和95％可信区间分别为146.2(92.4～231.3)和78.5(49.5—124.4)μmol·L~(-1).槲皮素对血小板的抑制作用可被钙翻转.槲皮素对凝血酶诱导的钙释放无影响.结论:抑制钙内流是槲皮素抑制血小板聚集和[Ca~(2 )]_i升高的机制.     

眼镜蛇毒蛋白酶natrahagin水解纤维蛋白原的特性及对人血小板聚集的影响(英文)

目的:研究natrahagin水解纤维蛋白原的特性及其对血小板聚集的影响。方法:SDS-PAGE,水解纤维蛋白原活性测定,血小板聚集实验。结果:Natrahagin与纤维蛋白原以1:50(w/w)孵育,5min内A_α-链几乎完全降解,γ-链的完全降解则至少需6h;其水解可凝固纤维蛋白原的活性为0.349±0.044g·min~(-1)·g~(-1)。Natrahagin浓度依赖性地抑制利托菌素对富血小板血浆和凝血酶(80U·L~(-1))对洗涤血小板的聚集反应,IC_(50)(95％可信限)分别为56(40-79)和3.3(1.4-8.0)mg·L~(-1)。但即使natrahagin达200mg·L~(-1),对ADP和胶原诱导的血小板聚集仍无抑制作用。结论:Natrahagin是一种α,γ-纤维蛋白原溶解酶,可选择性抑制血小板膜糖蛋白Ib介导的血小板聚集。     

Mechanisms of aggregation inhibition by aspirin and nitrate-aspirin prodrugs in human platelets

Objectives Aspirin is the mainstay of anti‐platelet therapy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, problems with aspirin safety and resistance demand clinical strategies based on multiple pharmacological approaches. Prodrugs of aspirin may offer beneficial effects in terms of gastro‐intestinal safety and multiple pharmacological approaches. However, the pharmacological profile of aspirin prodrugs in human platelets has not been completed yet. We aimed to compare the effects of aspirin and prodrugs of aspirin ( 1 – 5 ) on human platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP and collagen and associated receptor expression (GPIIb/IIIa and P‐selectin) in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelets (WP). Methods As aspirin is released from prodrugs following esterase hydrolysis we studied the expression and activity of butyrylcholineterase (BuChE) and carboxyesterase (CE) in plasma and platelets. The mechanism of prodrug‐induced platelet aggregation inhibition was explored by studying the effects of plasma and purified human BuChE on aggregation. Finally, the relative contribution of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity to nitrate‐containing prodrugs of aspirin‐induced inhibition of aggregation was determined using 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ,) a selective inhibitor of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Key findings ST0702, 2 , a nicotinic acid‐aspirin codrug was equipotent with aspirin with respect to inhibition of collagen‐induced platelet aggregation. Compound 4 , a NO releasing aspirin was the most potent inhibitor of ADP‐induced platelet aggregation, an effect partially reversed by ODQ. The platelet inhibitory effects of aspirin prodrugs were time‐dependent as the maximal inhibitory effects against collagen‐induced aggregation were achieved by aspirin at 2 min, 1 at 5 min and ST0702 at 15 min. The aspirin prodrugs were significantly less potent in WP than in PRP and the reverse was true of aspirin. In the presence of complete BuChE inhibition in PRP, there was almost complete loss of aspirin prodrug, but not aspirin anti‐aggregatory activity. Interestingly, CE activity was observed in WP and platelet lysate with pNPA substrate. Accordingly, 1 and ST0702 retained 50% and 100% anti‐aggregatory activity at maximal concentrations in WP, which was attenuated in the presence of esterase inhibitor phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride. Conclusions The inhibitory effect of aspirin prodrugs in PRP is due to prodrug activation by BuChE. In contrast, the platelet‐inhibitory effects of aspirin prodrugs in WP may be mediated through the activity of platelet CE. Compound 4 , a NO‐containing aspirin prodrug, may exert dual inhibitory effects in platelets. Thus, aspirin prodrugs effectively inhibit human platelet aggregation and as such may be an alternative to conventional aspirin.     

异钩藤碱体外对家兔血小板聚集和胞浆游离钙离子浓度的影响

目的研究异钩藤碱对血小板内游离钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)的影响,以探讨其抗血小板聚集作用的可能机制。方法比浊法测定家兔血小板聚集功能;双波长Fura-2荧光法测定血小板胞浆[Ca2+]i。结果异钩藤碱0.33~1.30mmol.L-1体外给药对ADP和凝血酶引起的血小板聚集有浓度依赖性的抑制作用。存在细胞外钙时,异钩藤碱对基础状态血小板的[Ca2+]i和ADP及凝血酶诱导的[Ca2+]i水平有浓度依赖性的降低作用,而无细胞外钙存在时,则均无明显影响,表明其可抑制血小板的外钙内流,对内钙释放无明显抑制作用。结论异钩藤碱可抑制血小板聚集,其作用机制可能与其抑制血小板胞浆[Ca2+]升高有关。     

三七皂甙Rg1对大鼠实验性血栓形成,血小板聚集率及血小板内游离钙水平的影响

三七皂甙Rg₁可明显降低实验性血栓形成, 并且以剂量依赖方式抑制凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集. 此外, Rg₁还可抑制凝血酶诱导的正常血压及肾性高血压大鼠血小板内游离钙(［Ca²⁺］_i)升高. 表明Rg₁的抗血栓形成和抗血小板聚集作用可能与抑制血小板［Ca²⁺］_i升高有关.     

ONO-3708和S-145对STA_2介导的家兔血小板变形和聚集反应的抑制作用(英文)

目的:评价ONO-3708和S-145对血小板变形和聚集反应的不同抑制模式。方法:以透光度法测量血小板变形和聚集反应,荧光图像分析法测量单细胞内游离钙的变化。结果:(1)STA_2的聚集反应可被依他酸,ONO-3708和S-145抑制(P<0.01),血小板变形仅被S-145抑制。(2)S-145的抑制作用随孵育时间延长而增强,ONO-3708不变。(3)洗脱后ONO-3708的作用消失,而S-145抑制作用依然存在。(4)STA_2的细胞内游离钙动员部分被ONO-3708和依他酸取消(P<0.01),但可被S-145完全抑制。结论:S-145和ONO-3708分别作用于血小板TXA_2受体的不同结合位点。     

Naftopidil inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced platelet aggregation and 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in platelets of healthy volunteers

Naftopidil exerts its antihypertensive action via ₁-adrenoceptor blockage and Ca²⁺ antagonism in vascular smooth muscle. Since the chemically similar 1-(1-naphthyl) piperazine is known to be a 5-hydroxytryptamine₂ receptor antagonist, the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonistic properties of naftopidil were tested by examining 5-HT-induced aggregation and 5-HT uptake in platelets from 12 healthy volunteers after oral administration of 60 mg naftopidil or placebo.Platelet aggregation in vitro was inhibited by naftopidil with a K_i value of 1.1 M, the pIC₅₀ was 5.09 with induction of aggregation by 1 M 5-HT. After oral administration of naftopidil, 5-HT-induced aggregation was significantly inhibited by 36%. 4 h after naftopidil administration, 5-HT uptake velocity was reduced by 33%. Naftopidil not only cancelled the circadian increase in 5-HT-induced aggregation velocity observed during placebo application, but also caused a decrease in aggregation velocity directly after peak plasma naftopidil levels. 5-HT uptake in platelets was also reduced following peak naftopidil plasma concentrations. The 5-HT inhibitory action of naftopidil adds a third possible antihypertensive property to naftopidil's ₁-adrenoceptor blocking and Ca²⁺ antagonistic properties.