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1.
目的:通过随机对照研究,探讨经皮穴位电刺激(TAES)脑卒中患侧双上肢对患侧上肢功能的影响及可能的机制。方法:29例脑卒中患者根据TAES治疗的部位分为2组,单侧组14名和双侧组15名。两组对象在治疗前分别接受Brunnstrom上肢运动恢复分期(RSB),Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表中上肢部分(FMA),手法肌力检查(MMT),改良Ashworth痉挛量表(MAS),改良Barthel指数(MBI)量表评定,在3周治疗后再次评定。结果:两组患者治疗前后各量表评分差异有显著性(P0.05),两组间各量表评分除MBI评分差异有显著性外,其余4个量表评分差异无显著性(P0.05),但两组间变化率的比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论:单侧或双侧TAES治疗均能改善脑卒中患者偏瘫上肢的功能,双侧TAES治疗对患侧上肢功能的改善更明显。  相似文献   

2.
目的 观察重复外周磁刺激(rPMS)联合重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对脑卒中后上肢功能障碍的影响。 方法 选取符合入选和排除标准脑卒中患者128例,按随机数字表法分对照组、中枢组、外周组和联合组,每组32例。4组患者均进行常规药物治疗和康复训练,联合组增加非受累侧M1区低频rTMS和患侧上肢Erb点的rPMS治疗,中枢组增加低频rTMS和安慰性rPMS,外周组增加rPMS治疗和安慰性rTMS,对照组给予安慰性rTMS和安慰性rPMS。rPMS和低频rTMS治疗均为每日1次,每次15 min,每周治疗6 d,连续治疗4周。治疗前和治疗4周后(治疗后),采用Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)和Wolf运动功能测试(WMFT)评定4组患者患侧上肢运动功能,同时采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)评定其日常生活活动能力。 结果 治疗后,4组患者的FMA-UE、WMFT及MBI评分较组内治疗前均明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组、中枢和外周组患者治疗后的FMA-UE评分[分别为(37.10±1.99)分、(28.10±3.15)分、(28.21±2.96)分]、WMFT评分[分别为(34.90±2.81)分、(26.87±2.79)分、(26.72±2.63)分]和MBI评分[分别为(69.55±3.67)分、(59.07±3.45)分、(58.90±3.79)分]均优于对照组治疗后(P<0.05),且联合组的FMA-UE、WMFT及MBI评分均显著优于中枢组和外周组治疗后,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 rTMS和rPMS均可改善脑卒中后上肢功能障碍患者患侧上肢的运动功能和日常生活活动能力,且两种刺激方式联合使用的疗效可能更佳。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨双侧运动训练对脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者上肢运动功能障碍的治疗效果。方法 52例偏瘫患者随机分成治疗组(n=26)和对照组(n=26)。治疗组采用双侧运动疗法,对照组采用传统神经发育法训练患侧上肢,共治疗6周。分别于治疗前后采用Fugl-Meyer评定的上肢部分(FMA-UE)和改良Barthel指数(MBI)进行评定。结果两组治疗后,FMA-UE、MBI评分均较治疗前明显改善(P0.01),治疗后治疗组FMA-UE、MBI评分显著高于对照组(P0.001)。结论双侧运动训练能显著提高脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者的上肢运动功能及日常生活活动能力。  相似文献   

4.
目的 观察在任务导向性训练的不同时间点(训练前和训练过程中)进行经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)对脑卒中患者上肢功能障碍的影响。 方法 选取符合标准的脑卒中患者90例,采用随机数字表法将其分为A组、B组和C组,每组患者30例,3组患者均进行上肢任务导向性训练,A组患者在任务导向性训练前给予患侧大脑半球M1区20 min的tDCS治疗,tDCS治疗每日1次,每次20 min,每周治疗5 d,连续治疗4周;B组患者在任务导向性训练的同时给予tDCS治疗,tDCS治疗部位和参数同A组;C组患者则在任务导向性训练的同时给予安慰性刺激。于治疗前和治疗4周后采用Fugl-Meyer功能评分上肢部分(FMA-UE)、偏瘫上肢功能测试-香港版(FTHUE-HK)和改良Barthel指数(MBI)分别评估3组患者的上肢运动功能、上肢功能性和实用性以及日常生活活动能力。 结果 治疗4周后,3组患者的FMA-UE评分、FTHUE-HK评级和MBI评分较组内治疗前均显著提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗4周后,B组患者的FMA-UE评分、FTHUE-HK评级和MBI评分分别为(40.57±7.66)分、(4.33±0.76)级和(66.67±9.72)分,显著优于A组和C组治疗4周后,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 tDCS联合任务导向性训练可显著改善脑卒中患者的上肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力,且在任务训练的同时进行tDCS疗效更佳。  相似文献   

5.
双侧上肢训练在脑卒中患者康复中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:初步观察双侧上肢训练对上肢功能中度到重度残损的恢复期脑卒中患者的疗效。方法:48例上肢功能中度到重度残损的恢复期脑卒中患者随机分为双侧训练组(n=24)、对照组(n=24),前者接受双侧(患侧、健侧)上肢同向、节律运动的重复练习,后者接受常规上肢训练,即以患侧上肢为主的单侧训练。两组患者上肢训练的时间均为1h/d,5d/周,持续4周,其余康复治疗如运动疗法和日常生活活动训练等两组均相同。两组患者分别于治疗前、治疗后予以FMA上肢部分(FMA-UE)、MAS上肢部分和MBI评定。结果:两组患者治疗后FMA-UE、FMA上肢的近端部分(FMA-PUE)和远端部分(FMA-DUE)、MAS-UE及MBI的评分均较治疗前提高,治疗前、后各量表的评分差异具有显著性(P<0.05);与对照组相比,双侧训练组患者FMA-UE、FMA-PUE的评分提高幅度更大(P<0.05)。结论:对于上肢功能中度到重度残损的恢复期脑卒中患者,采用双侧上肢训练可以更好地改善其患侧上肢,尤其是上肢近端的运动功能。  相似文献   

6.
郑婵娟  夏文广  段璨  李正良  张璇  王娟  张伟 《中国康复》2019,34(12):623-626
目的:探讨阳极经颅直流电刺激(a-tDCS)对脑卒中患者上肢及手功能恢复的影响。方法:96例脑卒中患者随机分为观察组49例、对照组47例,观察组给予a-tDCS,对照组给予a-tDCS假刺激,2组患者在此基础上均进行常规药物及常规康复治疗。在治疗前和治疗4周后,采用上肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表(FMA-UE)、WMFT评定量表(WMFT)、改良Barthel指数量表(MBI)及Brunnstrom评定量表对患者进行评定并统计治疗后不良反应的情况。结果:治疗4周后,2组患者FMA-UE、WMFT及MBI评分较治疗前均明显提高(均P<0.01),且观察组各项评分较对照组均明显提高(P<0.01,0.05);2组患者上肢及手Brunnstrom分期与治疗前比较均明显改善(均P<0.01),且观察组上肢及手Brunnstrom分期较对照组改善情况均更显著(P<0.01,0.05);观察组出现轻微不良反应,电极片放置处皮肤瘙痒1例、睡眠障碍1例;对照组头晕1例。以上不良反应患者均能耐受,且无需处理短时间自行缓解。结论:阳极经颅直流电刺激有助于改善脑卒中恢复期患者上肢及手的功能。  相似文献   

7.
目的:观察高频重复经颅磁刺激(HF-rTMS)结合外周磁刺激治疗脑卒中后肌痉挛的临床效果。方 法:卒中患者120例随机分为联合组、rTMS组和对照组,每组40例。在脑卒中后二级预防用药治疗及常规 康复训练治疗基础上,联合组加用HF-rTMS和外周磁刺激,rTMS仅加用HF-rTMS,对照组不给予磁刺激。 于治疗前、治疗4周后检测患者患侧拇短展肌运动诱发电位(MEP)潜伏期及脑皮质到脊髓α前角运动神经 元的传导时间(CMCT);采用改良Ashworth痉挛量表(MAS)和下肢痉挛指数(CSI)评定肢体痉挛情况,采 用上肢Fugl-Meyer运动量表(FMA)和改良Barthel指数(MBI)评定肢体运动功能。结果:3组治疗前的屈腕 MAS、CSI指数、上肢FMA评分、MBI评分、MEP潜伏期和CMCT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经4周治 疗后,各组患者上肢FMA评分、MBI评分均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),屈腕MAS、CSI指数均较治疗前 明显降低(P<0.05);rTMS组和联合组MEP潜伏期和CMCT均较治疗前缩短(P<0.05)。联合组对以上指 标的改善作用最强,治疗效果最佳,rTMS次之,均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间无诱发癫痫病例发 生。结论:HF-rTMS结合外周磁刺激比单用HF- rTMS治疗脑卒中后肌痉挛的效果更好,可减轻上肢屈肘 肌和下肢痉挛指数,改善患者运动功能及活动能力,缩短MEP潜伏期和CMCT,且安全性高。  相似文献   

8.
目的 观察皮质脊髓束完整性对重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗脑卒中患者上肢运动障碍的影响。 方法 选取在我院治疗的脑卒中恢复期伴偏侧上肢运动功能障碍患者作为研究对象,首先通过弥散张量成像技术(DTI)重建患者双侧皮质脊髓束(CST),分别选取CST完整性高(rFA>0.5)及CST完整性低(rFA≤0.5)患者各30例,采用随机数字表法将其进一步细分为高频组(10例)、低频组(10例)及对照组(10例)。所有患者均给予传统康复干预,在此基础上高频组、低频组患者分别给予健侧M1区5 Hz或1 Hz rTMS治疗。于干预前、干预3周后分别采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)、Wolf运动功能量表(WMFT)及改良Barthel指数(MBI)对各组患者进行疗效评价。 结果 对CST完整性高各亚组患者比较后发现,治疗后高频组、低频组及对照组FMA-UE、WMFT、MBI评分均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),并且低频组FMA-UE、WMFT及MBI评分[分别为(38.10±5.71)分、(43.20±5.32)分和(78.00±11.35)分]亦显著优于高频组及对照组水平(P<0.05)。对CST完整性低各亚组患者比较后发现,治疗后高频组FMA-UE、WMFT及MBI评分[分别为(12.00±1.40)分、(15.10±1.99)分和(49.00±5.68)分]均优于治疗前及低频组、对照组水平(P<0.05)。 结论 对于CST完整性高的患者,低频rTMS刺激健侧半球M1区对改善脑卒中患者上肢运动功能可能更好;对于CST完整性低的患者,高频rTMS刺激健侧半球M1区对促进脑卒中患者上肢运动功能恢复可能更有效。  相似文献   

9.
目的:观察功能性电刺激(FES)对脑卒中患者上肢体感诱发电位(SEP)及运动诱发电位(MEP)的影响。方法:符合入选标准的13例脑卒中患者分为FES组(9例)和FES安慰刺激组(4例)。患侧上肢腕背伸拇外展肌群接受FES治疗(30min)或安慰刺激(30min),FES治疗频率30Hz,脉宽200μs,强度为患者最大耐受量;治疗前后分别接受SEP及MEP检测,记录SEP检测中N9及N20潜伏期和波幅,MEP检测中正中神经的肘部刺激点,臂丛区刺激点,C7刺激点及皮质刺激点潜伏期和波幅;比较同一测试时间点MEP重复检测的信度,并对组内同侧治疗前后,组间治疗前后SEP、MEP变化率进行比较。结果:2组患者MEP值各部位5次测量值的相关系数值均在0.8317—1.0000之间;2组患者患侧皮质MEP均未引出;FES组治疗后患侧SEP及MEP潜伏期均有缩短,波幅明显增高(P<0.05);FES组健侧和安慰刺激组双侧刺激后SEP及MEP变化不明显;刺激前后变化率比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:脑卒中患者患侧上肢FES后SEP及MEP潜伏期有缩短,波幅有增高。  相似文献   

10.
摘要 目的:探讨经皮耳迷走神经刺激(transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, taVNS)联合任务导向性训练对卒中后偏瘫患者上肢功能及脑可塑性的影响。 方法:将40例卒中后偏瘫患者随机分配至试验组(n=20)或对照组(n=20)。试验组接受taVNS联合任务导向性训练,而对照组仅接受任务导向性训练。在基线、治疗结束后分别用运动诱发电位(motor evoked potentials, MEP)、上肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能评估量表(Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity, FMA-UE)、偏瘫上肢功能测试香港版(functional test for the hemiplegic upper extremity, FTHUE)、手臂动作调查测试(action research arm test, ARAT)、改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index, MBI)、疲劳严重度量表(fatigue severity scale, FSS)对患者进行评定,同时对治疗过程中患者出现的不良反应进行监测。 结果:两组FMA-UE、FTHUE、ARAT、MBI、FSS评分在基线无显著性差异(P>0.05),经21天治疗后,两组除FSS外其余指标均较基线提高(P<0.05),且试验组FMA-UE、FTHUE、ARAT、MBI(作业能力)得分优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组健侧MEP潜伏期、波幅以及患侧MEP引出率在基线无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗后试验组健侧MEP潜伏期较对照组缩短(P<0.05),患侧MEP引出率高于对照组(P<0.05),而两组间波幅无显著差异;试验组健侧MEP潜伏期缩短与FMA-UE、FTHUE、MBI(作业能力)改善程度的相关系数分别为-0.705、-0.458、-0.654,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。 结论:taVNS联合任务导向性训练可以通过调节运动皮层的可塑性改善卒中后偏瘫患者的上肢运动功能。  相似文献   

11.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

12.
目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

13.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

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Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

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Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.  相似文献   

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ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.  相似文献   

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