四川省藏、羌、汉族小学三年级～高三学生身体活动状况

[目的]了解藏、羌、汉族学生身体活动状况，为采取有效措施促进少数民族地区学生积极参加身体活动、提高他们的身体素质、达到相关的健康目标提供依据。[方法]采用一年回顾性身体活动调查问卷调查四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州藏、羌、汉族1450名小学3年级～高3学生的身体活动情况。[结果]阿坝地区中小学生最常参加的由学校组织的活动依次为体操、跑步，业余时间参加的活动依次为步行、做家务、爬楼梯和跑步。藏、羌、汉族学生平均每天身体活动时间分别为1．12、0．99和0．95h；藏族学生平均每天身体活动时间要显著高于羌族和汉族学生（F=6．38，P〈0．01）。藏、羌、汉族学生平均每天身体活动能量消耗分别为295．1、244．0和208．1kcal；藏族学生平均每天身体活动能量消耗要显著高于汉族和羌族学生（F=17．09，P〈0．01）。[结论]四川省藏、羌、汉族中小学生身体活动存在差异，应根据少数民族地区的实际情况制定切实有效的措施，促进他们积极参加身体活动。     

中国3省18-60岁城乡居民身体活动水平定量评估

结果表明HPV自检法的真实灵敏度和特异度分别为83.53%(95%CI：74.23～89.93)和85.86%(95%C1：84.23～87.36)。随机抽样结果显示,传统方法计算的灵敏度和特异度分别为90.48%(95%C1：80.74-95.56)和71.96%(95%C1：68.71～75.00),采用逆概率权重法校正后的灵敏度和特异度分别为82,25%(95%CI：63。11-92.62)和85。80%(95%C1：85。09～86.47);采用最大似然估计法校正后的灵敏度和特异度分别为80.13%(95%CI：66.81.93.46)和85.80%(95%CI：84.20～87.41)。表明在复杂抽样情况下,逆概率权重法能够有效校正存在证实偏倚的灵敏度和特异度     

国际身体活动问卷与Bouchard身体活动日记的效度

目的 以加速度计为基准,评价国际身体活动问卷长卷(IPAQ-L)和Bouchard身体活动日记测量18～59岁成人日常身体活动的效度.方法 于2019年在宁波市鄞州区招募200名健康成人作为调查对象(男性78人,女性122人;18～29岁占19.5％、30 ～ 49岁占61.5％、≥50岁占18.0％).受试者连续佩戴...     

烟台市大中专残疾学生身体活动水平现况及对策分析

目的 了解烟台市大中专残疾学生身体活动水平,探讨提高残疾学生身体活动水平改善措施。方法 2018-09-01-2018-12-31选取滨州医学院和烟台特殊教育学校84名学生进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷80份。定性资料采用率或构成比表示,采用Fisher精确概率法进行单因素分析。结果 76.25%的残疾学生认为体力活动有较强的健康促进作用,但58.75%的学生仍处于低体力活动水平,主要活动类型为休闲活动。88.75%的残疾学生自评身体活动水平为中等或高等活跃,但实际得分只有41.25%的个体处于中高活跃,是否曾经发生运动伤害(P=0.048)和自评身体活动水平(P=0.001)不同的学生实际身体活动水平分布差异有统计学意义。残疾学生认为运动兴趣不足、学业压力大、天气状况不佳和运动器材资源缺乏是影响体力活动的主要原因,体育课跑步项目选修率最高,为58.88%。结论 烟台市大中专残疾学生身体活动水平较低,运动兴趣不足和运动环境不完善影响残疾大中专学生的运动选择。应加强对残疾学生的健康教育,培养残疾学生的运动兴趣和技能,同时学校和政府应提供适当的政策支持,创建便利适宜的运动环境,开发适合残疾人的...     

北京市城区四～六年级小学生体力活动现状

目的 了解小学生体力活动模式，为采取有效的措施促进他们积极参加体力活动、制定相关政策和健康目标提供依据。方法 随机选取北京市城区4所小学四～六年小学生453名，采用问卷调查和Caltrac体力活动测量仪收集其上周参加体力活动的情况。结果 男女生经常参加的业余活动依次为上下楼梯、劳动、步行、跑步等，男女生平均每天参加业余体力活动的时间分别为1．30、1．1lh，每天业余体力活动消耗的能量分别为27．89、23．65kJ/kg，每天总体力活动消耗的能量分别为42．17、35．53kJ／kg，每天静坐时间分别为2．00、1．79h，男女生各评价指标之间差异均无显性。结论 男女生经常参加的活动类型大致相同，活动水平接近。     

2011年深圳市中小学学生身体活动情况调查

目的了解深圳市中小学学生身体活动情况。方法随机抽取1所小学的4～6年级,1所初中的初1、2年级,1所高中的高1、2年级共830名学生为研究对象,采用问卷调查上一周的身体活动、静坐、出行方式、睡眠等情况。结果在校平均每天体育活动时间60 min的学生占64.3%;有72.8%的学生进行体育锻炼,其中有1/2的学生每周有2或3天进行中等强度及以上的体育锻炼。每天做家务时间20 min的占73.7%。每天静坐时间小学生为3.1 h,初中生为4.1 h,高中生4.9 h。每天平均睡眠时间小学生为9.0 h,初中生为7.8 h,高中生为7.0 h。结论深圳市中小学生身体活动模式有待改善。     

学龄前儿童身体活动中加速度计的应用进展

身体活动对学龄前儿童的身心健康有积极的促进作用。对儿童身体活动进行准确的测量至关重要。目前加速度计正在成为一种可客观测量身体活动的常用工具,并逐渐应用于学龄前儿童身体活动的相关研究领域,其包括加速度计用于学龄前儿童身体活动测量的方法学相关研究(如身体活动强度分界值、基于加速度计的身体活动能量消耗预测模型等),加速度计与其他传统测量身体活动的方法比较的研究等。随着近年国际上学龄前儿童身体活动指南的颁布,利用加速度计进行儿童身体活动指南达标情况的监测研究也正开始涌现,并可从中了解影响儿童身体活动的影响因素。该文通过比较最为常用的三种用于学龄前儿童身体活动测量的加速度计的参数、功能特点和评估指标等,系统地介绍其应用研究进展,旨在为儿童身体活动领域的相关研究者提供一定的方法学上的参考。     

北京市丰台区15～69岁居民身体活动现状及其影响因素

目的 掌握北京市丰台区15～69岁居民身体活动现状并分析其影响因素,为相关部门制定身体活动指南和干预措施提供基础资料和科学依据.方法 资料来源为“2010年丰台区居民营养与健康状况监测”中通过身体活动问卷调查收集的910名15～69岁居民的身体活动资料.对人群各种类型身体活动强度进行赋值,计算身体活动水平(physical activity level,PAL),以PAL≥1.7或PAL＜ 1.7作为判断身体活动充分或不足的标准.采用Spearman相关分析年龄、性别、职业、文化程度、家庭年人均收入对身体活动不足的影响.结果 丰台区15～69岁居民身体活动充分率为53.85％,身体活动水平平均为1.73,男性1.72,女性1.74.居民身体活动的主要来源依次为职业、家务、休闲活动和交通出行.结论 丰台区居民的身体活动模式以学习或工作为主,但存在性别、年龄及职业等的差异,应根据不同人群的具体情况采取不同的干预措施.     

北京市主城区中学生身体活动水平及其影响因素

对北京市主城区中学生的身体活动水平进行评估,为中学生的体质健康促进提供数据支持.方法整群抽取北京市海淀区、东城区3所中学初一、初二、高一、高二年级学生共1 670名,使用青少年身体活动问卷(Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents,PAQ-A)中文版进行身体活动评估.结果 青少年总体PAQ-A平均得分为(2.68±0.81)分,男生为(2.95±0.84)分,女生为(2.44±0.69)分,男生高于女生(I=6.41,P<0.01);中等到较大强度体力活动(MVPA)得分男生高于女生(t=7.53,P<0.01).平均每天视屏时间,男女均为100 min左右,差异无统计学意义.不论男女生,总体PAQ-A,MVPA高中生均低于初中生,视屏时间高中生高于初中生(P值均<0.01).学段、性别、父亲受教育水平均会影响身体活动水平.其中高中阶段(OR=2.24,95%CI=1.752.88)、女生(OR=3.42,95%CI=2.734.28)是引起身体活动不足的危险因素,而父亲文化为初中以下(OR=2.02,95%CI=1.133.64)、高中(OR=1.99,95%CI=1.322.99)、中专/大专(OR=1.56,95%CI=1.122.16)也是引起子女身体活动不足的危险因素.结论 高中生身体活动水平较低,视屏时间较长;男生身体活动水平高于女生;父亲受教育水平低者,子女的身体活动水平也较低.     

西安市某小学体育课学生身体活动水平

目的 测量小学体育课身体活动水平以及不同性别、身体质量指数(BMI)和不同年级学生体育课身体活动特征,为小学体育课身体活动促进提供参考.方法 用ActiGraphGT3X对西安市某高校附属小学一、二、四年级的60名学生在3节体育课上的身体活动进行测量,依据最新体质测试成绩中的身高、体重计算BMI,并根据《国家学生体质健...     

北京市初中生负性情绪流行现况及与身体活动关系

目的 分析北京市初中生负性情绪流行现况,及其与身体活动的关系,为改善学生负性情绪,促进学生心理健康提供科学依据.方法 于2014年3-5月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法对北京市18个区县63所中学的12 338名初中生进行负性情绪及身体活动情况调查,分析北京市初中生负性情绪流行现况及其与身体活动的关系.结果 1 517名(...     

A study on the daily physical activity of junior high school students in Japan

The purpose of this study was to estimate daily energy expenditure (EE) and daily activity factor (DAF: EE/basal metabolism - 1) of junior high school students in Japan using heart rate (HR) monitoring method. Daily activity recording and 24 hour HR monitoring were measured in all the subjects. The relational formulas between HR and oxygen consumption were obtained from bicycle ergometer test. Subjects were 112 junior high school students (68 male and 44 female) from the 1st to the 3rd year. The averages of EE (kcal/kg) of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year students were 54.3, 46.7, and 44.5 (kcal/kg) for males and 50.1, 44.4, and 40.5 (kcal/kg) for females respectively. In the same way DAF were 0.80, 0.61, and 0.59 for males and 0.77, 0.65, and 0.51 for females. It was shown that EE (kcal/kg) and DAF have a tendency to decrease as school year increases in both male and female students.     

Dietary intake based on physical activity level in Korean elementary school students

Prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing significantly worldwide due to energy imbalance perhaps stemming from undesirable dietary behavior and physical activity level. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of physical activity level on nutritional status in elementary school students. The subjects were comprised of 287 elementary school students between 4th and 6th grades in Seoul, Korea. The level of physical activity was scored with a modified Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire and was categorized as active, moderately active, and sedentary. Dietary intakes were obtained using a 24-hour food recall method. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to test for global significant differences of nutrient intakes by physical activity level. Boys were more active than girls. Daily intakes of energy in moderately active boys were significantly higher than in the sedentary group, but intakes of calcium and iron in moderately active boys were lower than active boys. For girls, physical activity level did not affect nutrient density at all. Intakes of calcium, vitamin C, and folate for both boys and girls were below 50% of recommended intake. Physical activity did not affect nutrient density and our participants were exposed to nutritional imbalance. Therefore, the results suggest that nutrition education regarding balanced diet and optimum physical activity is required for children''s health and growth.     

乌鲁木齐市高中生睡眠时间与体力活动状况的相关性研究

目的 了解乌鲁木齐市高中学生睡眠及体力活动状况,并分析两者之间存在的关系,为有效提高乌鲁木齐市高中学生体力活动水平提供支持.方法 2018年10-12月采用自行编制的乌鲁木齐市中学生健康及体力活动调查问卷对5 424名高中学生的睡眠状况及体力活动的状况进行调查,分析两者之间的关系.结果 乌鲁木齐市高中学生睡眠不足的学生...     

An assessment of Australian school physical activity and nutrition policies

Objective: This study's objective was to identify and assess existing physical activity and nutrition policies for Australian schools. Methods: Policies were identified through a search of the websites of national and state/territory education departments and school associations, and were subsequently assessed against specific criteria. Results: Policies were identified for government schools, but only for one non‐government school association. Physical activity policies were identified at the national level and for six of eight state/territories. The national policy was mandated, and most state/territory physical activity policies were mandated and consistent with the national policy. Several physical activity policies did not meet expert recommendations for time and instructor qualifications. Nutrition policies were identified at the national level and all eight states/territories. The national policy was not mandated, but all state/territory nutrition policies were mandated and consistent with the national policy and relevant guidelines. Most physical activity and nutrition policies lacked information about implementation monitoring. Conclusions: To improve school practices, policies are needed that are mandated and consistent with expert recommendations, use clear language, and specify monitoring and accountability mechanisms. Implications for public health: Improvements in school policies can promote physical activity and healthy eating behaviours to positively influence student outcomes across Australia.     

南京中小学生膳食和体力活动知识与相关行为关系

目的 了解江苏省南京市中小学生膳食、体力活动知识与相应行为的关系,为中小学生肥胖预防的宣传教育和干预工作提供依据。方法 2013年9月采用多阶段按比例随机整群方法抽取南京市48所学校10 124名学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查,最终回收有效问卷9 426份。结果 中小学生知晓"经常进行体育锻炼能够减轻体重"、"经常看电视玩电脑能长胖"、"经常喝可乐等软饮料能长胖"和"经常吃西式快餐能长胖"的比例分别为81.1%、33.0%、74.2%和82.8%,体力活动不足、静坐时间过长、软饮料摄入过多和西式快餐摄入过多的比例分别为49.9%、4.4%、10.4%和9.5%。年级、性别、父母文化水平、家庭成员数不同,学生的膳食、体力活动知识知晓率与相关不健康生活行为比例均不同（均P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,了解"经常进行体育锻炼能够减轻体重"、"经常看电视玩电脑能长胖"、"经常喝可乐等软饮料能长胖"和"经常吃西式快餐能长胖"的学生,相应的体力活动不足（OR=0.785）、静坐时间过长（OR=0.604）、软饮料摄入过多（OR=0.566）和西式快餐摄入过多（OR=0.425）的比例低。结论 正确的膳食、体力活动知识对学生的生活行为具有积极影响,应加强相关方面的宣传教育。     

河南某乡农村留守初中生身心亚健康状况及影响因素

目的了解河南某乡农村留守初中生身心亚健康现状,探讨留守初中生身心亚健康的主要影响因素。方法选取河南农村2所中学的721名学生作为研究对象,其中留守学生373名,非留守学生348名;对其采用《青少年亚健康多维评定问卷》(MSQA)和自编的留守初中生一般情况调查表进行调查。结果留守学生身心亚健康、躯体亚健康、心理亚健康及各维度得分均高于非留守学生(P0.05);留守学生的身心亚健康、躯体亚健康和心理亚健康报告率分别为30.6%、37.0%和40.2%。不同类型留守学生的身心亚健康状况:女生的身心亚健康、躯体亚健康和心理亚健康均差于男生,P0.05);在身心亚健康和心理亚健康方面,家里3个子女及更多的差于2个子女及以下;留守时间长的学生差于留守时间短的学生;父母双方外出打工组学生差于父母单方外出组学生(P值均0.05)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,影响留守初中生身心亚健康的因素主要包括性别、留守时间、孩子数量、父母外出打工情况、父母关心程度、与父母交流的难易度、看护人意愿、朋友的多少。结论留守初中生的身心健康状况较差,并存在很多相关危险因素,相关部门应及时采取针对性干预措施,以提高该乡留守中学生的健康水平。     

2010—2011学年北京市昌平区中小学生视力不良监测结果

目的了解和掌握北京市昌平区中小学生视力状况,为进一步做好学生视力防护工作提供科学依据。方法对2010—2011学年辖区125所学校53 865名中小学生视力监测资料进行分析。结果昌平区中小学生视力不良检出率为65.0%,随学龄增加,视力不良检出率呈上升趋势,视力不良检出率从一年级时的44.7%上升到高三时的81.9%,尤其重度视力不良检出率增长较快;视力不良检出率城镇学生高于乡村学生,男生高于女生,差异均有统计学意义。结论该区中小学生视力状况堪忧,亟需采取综合干预措施,做好学生视力保护工作。     

Seasonal and daily variation in physical activity among three-year-old Finnish preschool children

The purposes of this study were to assess seasonal, daily, and gender variations in children's physical activity (PA). ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers were used to record the three-year-old children's PA levels for five consecutive days in autumn and winter. Complete data for both seasons were obtained for 47 children. Despite a significant difference in seasonal temperatures (p?p?=?.021). No difference in PA was observed between weekdays and weekend days. Only 20% of the sample had ≥120 minutes light-to-vigorous PA (LMVPA), and 46% of children had ≥60 minutes moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Boys spent more minutes in LMVPA (p?=?.001) and MVPA (p?=?.004) than girls. The current findings indicated that season and day of the week only minimally influence children's PA levels, whereas gender continues to be a significant factor.     

Differences in physical activity during school recess

BACKGROUND: School recess provides a daily opportunity for physical activity engagement. The purpose of this study was to examine physical activity levels during recess by gender, ethnicity, and grade, and establish the contribution of recess to daily school physical activity levels. METHODS: Two hundred and ten children (45% boys) from grades 3 to 6 in 4 elementary schools had their physical activity during school quantified using uni‐axial accelerometry every 5 seconds for 5 consecutive school days. Data were collected in fall 2009. The proportion of time spent engaged in physical activity during daily school recess was determined using existing age‐appropriate cutpoints. The relative contribution of recess to school day physical activity was also determined. RESULTS: Boys were more active than girls during recess. Girls engaged in more sedentary activity than boys. No main effects for ethnicity were observed. Children in grades 3 and 5 were more active than children in grades 4 and 6. Recess contributed 17.9% and 15.5% toward boys' and girls' school day moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, respectively. CONCLUSION: Children engaged in physical activity during recess, though interventions may be needed to increase the intensity of activity in this context.