TMX基因在结直肠癌中的表达研究

目的探讨TMX基因在结直肠癌及癌旁组织中的表达是否存在差异。方法对结直肠癌的的石蜡标本及切缘组织各33例,将肿瘤组织和对应的切缘正常组织放置于同一张载玻片上,采用免疫组化方法,利用IPP6．0软件进行半定量分析．研究TMX基因在结直肠癌组织中及手术切缘的表达情况,并比较这两组是否存在表达差异。结果TMX基因在结直肠癌组织及癌旁组织均表达．在结直肠癌组织的表达量明显低于正常切缘（0．142-．t-O．038VS0．210±0．037．P〈0．0001）。结论TMX基因在结直肠癌组织的表达量显著低于正常癌旁组织,提示TMX基因可能参与结直肠癌的发病。     

Med19在人胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究Med19基因在人胃癌组织中的表达情况及临床意义.方法 应用免疫组化和RT-PCR方法检测Med19 基因在胃癌组织、癌旁胃组织及正常胃组织中的表达.结果 胃癌组织中Med19表达阳性率为71.7%(43/60),显著高于癌旁胃组织和正常胃组织(P<0.01).癌旁胃组织和正常胃组织中Med19多为阴性表达,少数为弱阳性表达,二者间差异无显著性(P> 0.05).Med19的表达与胃癌的细胞分化程度、淋巴结转移情况、TNM分期相关(P<0.05),而在不同年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、浸润深度的胃癌样本中表达差异无显著性(P> 0.05). 结论 Med19参与了胃癌的发生、发展过程,有望成为一个新的肿瘤治疗靶向因子.     

胃癌中VEGF及突变型p53基因表达及临床意义研究

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及突变型p53(mtp53)基因表达水平与胃癌病理生理学特征之间的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法(二步法),检测86例胃癌组织及30例癌旁组织及切缘"正常"组织中的VEGF、mtp53表达水平。结果胃癌组织中VEGF、mtp53基因的表达水平显著高于癌旁组织和切缘"正常"组织(P0.01)。VEGF、mtp53基因表达水平与胃癌患者性别、年龄、组织学类型、细胞分化程度均无明显关系(P0.05),与浸润程度、淋巴结转移、远处转移状态、P-TNM分期均有密切关系(P0.01)。mtp53基因表达水平与VEGF表达水平呈正相关(P0.01)。结论VEGF、mtp53基因可能参与了胃癌的发生、进展进程,可以作为胃癌生物学行为恶化的一项指标。     

精氨琥珀酸裂解酶及合成酶在人胃癌组织中表达的意义

目的 探讨精氨琥珀酸裂解酶(ASL)及精氨琥珀酸合成酶(ASS)mRNA在人胃癌组织中的表达.方法 收集胃癌组织15例及相应癌旁正常组织12例,采用RT-PCR方法分别检测其中ASL及ASS mRNA的表达,了解胃癌组织与癌旁正常组织中可能存在的ASS及ASL表达差异.结果 胃癌组织中ASS mRNA的表达低于正常组织,具有统计学差异(P<0.05);但ASL的表达与正常组织相比无显著性差异.结论 胃癌组织中ASS mRNA表达水平下降,提示了精氨酸耗竭原理用于胃癌治疗的可行性.     

MAL基因在胃癌组织中的甲基化及其mRNA的表达

目的:研究MAL基因在胃癌和癌旁组织中的甲基化状态及其mRNA表达.方法:应用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)和实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测37例人胃癌组织及对应癌旁5 cm组织中MAL基因的甲基化状态和mRNA表达,并分别将其与各临床病理指标进行统计学分析.结果:37例胃癌组织中MAL基因甲基化率为78.4%.对应37例癌旁组织中MAL基因甲基化率为5.4%.癌组织与癌旁组织的甲基化率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).胃癌组织中MAL基因甲基化状态与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、有无淋巴结转移、胃癌分化程度、临床分期无统计学意义(P>0.05).在胃癌组织与对应癌旁组织中MAL基因mRNA定量表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),胃癌组织中MAL基因mRNA定量表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、胃癌分化程度、有无淋巴结转移、有无神经束浸润及肿瘤TNM分期无相关(P>0.05).结论:胃癌组织中MAL基因表达缺失或低下,并且存在高甲基化率,MAL基因发生甲基化可能与胃癌发生有关.     

rassfia和survivin在胃癌中的表达及相互作用

目的 检测胃癌组织、癌旁正常组织中rassfia基因和survivin基因的表达情况,探讨两者在胃癌发生、发展中的作用及其相互关系.方法 用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法检测49例胃癌组织、20例癌旁正常组织中的rassfia和survivin mRNA的表达情况.结果 rassfia在胃癌组织中的转录表达缺失率为51%(25/49),在正常组织中完全表达,其表达缺失率与胃癌分化程度、淋巴结转移与否及TNM分期相关(P<0.05),但与其组织学类型无相关性.survivin在胃癌组织中转录表达率为65.3%(32/49),在正常组织中无阳性表达,其表达与胃癌分化程度、淋巴结转移与否相关(P<0.05),但与其TNM分期和组织学类型无相关性.结论 raasfia基因是胃癌的相关抑癌基因,在胃癌中存在表达缺失;survivin作为癌基因在胃癌组织中表达上调.rassfia的表达缺失和survivn的表达上调具有相关性,两者共同参与了胃癌的发生和发展.     

Wnt信号通路靶基因GS mRNA及蛋白在胃癌中的表达

目的: 探讨Wnt信号通路的靶基因GS mRNA及蛋白在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法: 荧光实时定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测52例胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织GS mRNA表达;免疫组织化学技术(SP法)检测97例胃癌组织、30例癌旁正常组织及10例肠化生组织中GS蛋白表达水平差异.结果: 癌组织和癌旁正常组织GS mRNA表达有显著差异(25.508±5.090 vs 13.001±2.040,P<0.05). 癌组织GS蛋白表达与组织学类型、Lauren分型及淋巴结转移密切相关(χ2= 26.994,54.929,5.173,均P<0.05),与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、远处转移及患者的性别和年龄等无明显相关.结论: GS mRNA和蛋白高表达同胃癌生物学行为密切相关,可能与胃癌的发生、发展及预后有关.     

PUMA、caspase-3蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的通过检测PUMA、caspase-3蛋白在胃癌组织和癌旁正常组织中的表达水平,从而探讨两者在胃癌发生、发展中的作用及其临床意义。方法针对40例胃癌组织标本及30例癌旁正常组织标本,通过免疫组化方法对其PUMA、caspase-3蛋白的表达进行测定。结果 PUMA蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达阳性率为22.5%(9/40),在癌旁正常胃组织中表达阳性率为66.7%(20/30),两者比较差异具有统计学意义;caspase-3在胃癌组织中的表达阳性率为25.0%(10/40),在癌旁正常胃组织中表达阳性率为70.0%(21/30),两者比较差异具有统计学意义。PUMA的表达与临床病理分期、肿瘤病理分化程度、是否伴有淋巴结转移有关,PUMA与caspase-3蛋白在胃癌组织中表达呈正相关。结论 PUMA与caspase-3蛋白在胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用,可能会成为胃癌的分子标记物或胃癌治疗的新分子靶点。     

NDRG-1异常甲基化及对胃癌细胞恶性生物学行为影响的研究

目的:探讨N-myc下游调节基因1(NDRG-1)甲基化对胃癌细胞恶行生物学行为的影响.方法:用免疫组织化学法检测NDRG-1在胃癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达;qRT-PCR与Western blot检测胃癌细胞SGC7901及胃正常黏膜上皮细胞RGM-1中NDRG-1的表达,MSP法检测胃癌组织及癌旁组织、胃癌细胞及正常...     

肿瘤相关基因NAG6、NAG-7、BRD7在胃癌中的表达

目的　NAG6、NAG 7、BRD7为最近克隆的肿瘤相关新基因 ,对它们在胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达进行检测 ,探讨这些基因在胃癌发生发展中的作用。方法　采用RT PCR、Northern杂交、点杂交方法检测 34例胃癌和癌旁组织中这些基因的表达。结果　胃癌组织中 ,有 61 .8% (2 1 / 34)NAG6基因表达缺失 ,NAG6在胃癌组织中的表达较癌旁组织显著下调 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,但NAG6表达下调与胃癌淋巴结或远处转移无明显关系 (P >0 .0 5)。NAG 7基因在胃癌和癌旁组织中表达率分别为 88.2 % (30 / 34)和 82 .3 % (2 8/ 34)。BRD7基因在胃癌及癌旁组织中均有表达。RT PCR、Northern杂交、点杂交结果均显示NAG 7、BRD7基因在胃癌与癌旁组织之间的表达差异无显著性。同时 ,点杂交也证实NAG6在胃癌组织中表达下调。结论　NAG6基因在胃癌组织中表达显著下调 ,这可能在胃癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用 ,但可能与淋巴结或远处转移无关。BRD7、NAG 7基因在胃癌中未发现表达水平改变 ,初步提示这两种基因可能在胃癌的发生发展中不起作用     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.