结直肠腺瘤切除术后息肉复发及内镜监测的临床分析

目的研究结直肠腺瘤(colorectal adenoma,CRA)切除术后息肉复发的情况,以确定合理的内镜监测间隔时间。方法收录2005年5月-2012年5月于北京朝阳医院消化内科完成结肠镜下息肉切除术、病理组织学确诊为CRA、术后再次入院行肠镜复查的患者共143例,男89例,女54例。统计分析复发息肉的累计复发率,确定影响复发息肉的重要危险因素和中位复发时间。结果息肉总体复发率为72%,患者性别、年龄、息肉大小、息肉数目、息肉发生部位、病理类型等因素中,仅CRA的大小和病理类型对复发有重要影响。初检CRA直径1 cm的患者较CRA直径≤1 cm的患者复发风险高(P=0.02)。CRA病理中含有绒毛成分的患者较仅为管状腺瘤的患者复发风险高(P=0.08)。结论建议含绒毛成分或直径1 cm的CRA患者术后6~12个月复查肠镜,而直径≤1 cm的管状腺瘤患者可在术后2年左右复查肠镜。     

结肠腺瘤高频电凝切除术术后复发情况分析

目的 了解结肠腺瘤患者行电凝切除术后的复发情况.方法 2000年至2008年行结肠息肉高频电凝切除术且符合入选标准者283例,根据患者基线肠镜时的病史及结肠镜检查发现的结肠腺瘤特征进行分析,计算患者0～2年、＞2～5年及＞5 ～8年累积复发率,中位复发时间及影响复发的因素.结果 所有观察病例中,0～2年累积复发率为61％,＞2～5年累积复发率为81％,＞5～8年累积复发率为84％.COX回归分析发现,性别,年龄、是否有非结肠肿瘤史、饮酒史以及初检腺瘤是否为多发(＞2个)是影响腺瘤复发的主要因素.结论 在中国人群中,行结肠腺瘤高频电切术的患者建议术后2年复查1次肠镜.对于年龄＞60岁的男性患者,如结肠腺瘤为多发,建议20个月左右复查1次结肠镜,如同时存在非结肠肿瘤病史或饮酒史,建议进一步缩短复查时间.     

老年人结直肠腺瘤性息肉178例临床特点分析

背景:结直肠腺瘤性息肉与结直肠癌关系密切,是重要的癌前病变。目的:分析老年人结直肠腺瘤性息肉的临床特点。方法:选取2011年1月-2014年7月南京医科大学第一附属医院经结肠镜和病理检查证实为结直肠腺瘤性息肉的老年患者178例,对患者的性别、年龄、腺瘤部位、腺瘤大小、病理类型、异型增生、癌变等因素进行回顾性分析。结果:不同性别、年龄、大小的腺瘤分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随着腺瘤直径的增大,管状腺瘤的检出率下降,绒毛-管状腺瘤的检出率增高(P0.01),腺上皮中重度异型增生的发生率增加,腺瘤的癌变率增加(P0.01),且绒毛-管状腺瘤的腺上皮异型增生程度和癌变率明显高于管状腺瘤(P0.01)。结论:随着腺瘤直径的增加,老年腺瘤性息肉患者绒毛-管状腺瘤的发生率、异型增生程度以及腺瘤癌变率均明显增加,早期发现并治疗腺瘤性息肉可有效减少老年结直肠癌的发生。     

叶酸对结直肠腺瘤性息肉的影响

叶酸是广泛存在于绿叶蔬菜中的水溶性B族维生素,在DNA的合成和复制中起重要作用。研究显示在正常结直肠黏膜中,叶酸缺乏易导致腺瘤性息肉发生;如结直肠腺瘤性息肉已形成,叶酸补充可能增加其进展风险。800μg/d的适量叶酸摄入是有益的,应不会增加结直肠腺瘤性息肉的发生风险。     

结直肠锯齿状腺瘤内镜和病理形态特征分析

目的 探讨锯齿状腺瘤（SA）内镜下形态和病理组织学特征.方法 回顾分析南方医院消化内镜中心2002年1月至2005年7月检出的大肠息肉病例,了解SA的检出率、内镜形态、腺管开口分型和病理组织学特征.结果 11894例肠镜检查共检出息肉病例1928例（2811枚）,检出率为16.21%,其中SA 61例（71枚）,检出率为0.51%,占息肉构成比为3.16%.SA直径＞1 cm者占39.44%,明显大于增生性息肉;内镜下表现为有蒂息肉所占的比例（26.76%）高于增生性息肉（13.25%）,但低于腺瘤性息肉（43.95%）.1815枚息肉进行腺管开口分型,SA多表现为Ⅲ型腺管开口（41.67%）,部分表现为Ⅳ型腺管开口（18.33%）,与腺瘤性息肉较接近.SA中度以上异型增生发生率介于管状腺瘤和绒毛状腺瘤之间,并有2.82%的癌变率.结论 SA内镜形态、腺管开口分型和病理学特点提示其本质上与增生性息肉不同,与肿瘤性息肉表现类似,具有恶变潜能.     

大肠腺瘤性息肉的诊疗

大肠腺瘤性息肉的诊疗赵超冯干火斤何维熊叶光福Ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄｉｎｇｓａｄｅｎｏｍａｔｏｕｓｐｏｌｙｐｏｓｉｓｃｏｌｉ／ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓ；ａｄｅｎｏｍａｔｏｕｓｐｏｌｙｐｏｓｉｓｃｏｌｉ／ｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ；ｃｏｌｏｎｏｓｃｏｐｙ；ｒｅｖｉｅｗｌ...     

幽门螺旋杆菌感染与结直肠腺瘤复发的相关性分析

背景结直肠腺瘤(colorectal adenoma, CRA)是结直肠癌(colorectalcancer,CRC)的癌前病变,早期切除及预防其复发是预防结肠癌的有效措施.但腺瘤切除后容易复发,有研究显示幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H. pylori)感染是CRA发生原因之一,本研究拟分析H.pylori感染及根除H. pylori对CRA复发的影响.目的探讨CRA术后复发的危险因素,尤其是H. pylori感染对CRA复发的影响.方法收集本院门诊及病房行肠镜检查并病理证实为CRA的病例,根据13C呼气试验结果,将其分为A组(H. pylori阴性组)和B组(H. pylori阳性组); B组病例再随机分成两组:C组根除H. pylori, D组未根除H. pylori. 1年后复查肠镜及呼气试验,根据随访肠镜的结果,比较息肉复发病例和未复发病例的一般资料,并对CRA复发的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果共有733例CRA患者纳入本研究,各组中患者的一般资料以及术前息肉的大小、数目、病理类型及手术方式等均无显著差异(P0.05).术后1年复查, H. pylori感染组(B组)患者息肉复发率显著高于A组(23.02%vs15.79%, P 0.05);而根除H. pylori后的C组息肉复发率则显著低于未根除的D组(17.37%vs 28.36%, P0.05).在息肉复发的所有危险因素中,男性患者、BMI≥25kg/m2,息肉个数≥3枚、息肉大小≥20mm及H. pylori感染等因素存在统计学差异(P0.05); Logistic回归分析显示, H. pylori感染是息肉复发的独立危险因素(OR=1.556, P 0.05),而根除H. pylori与息肉的复发呈负相关性(OR=0.509, P0.05).结论H. pylori感染会增加CRA的复发,是CRA术后复发的独立危险因素,根除H. pylori后能显著降低CRA的复发.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与结直肠腺瘤性息肉的相关性分析

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)与结直肠腺瘤性息肉的相关性及NAFLD严重程度与结直肠腺瘤性息肉发生风险的关系。方法选取2019年3月-2019年8月在昆明医科大学第二附属医院消化内科住院的结直肠腺瘤性息肉患者67例为腺瘤组,另选取同期就诊的结肠镜检查正常或病理学检查为炎性、增生性息肉者45例为对照组。比较2组基线资料及肝受控衰减参数(CAP)的差异。根据FibroTouch检测结果将所有研究对象分为无脂肪肝组及轻度、中度、重度NAFLD组,分析NAFLD严重程度与结直肠腺瘤性息肉发病风险的关系。正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用t检验;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,进一步两两比较采用Nemenyi法。计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验。采用logistic回归分析结直肠腺瘤的危险因素。结果腺瘤组中男性(51. 11%vs 73. 13%,χ~2=5. 687,P=0. 017)、年龄[(56. 24±12. 44)岁vs(50. 84±11. 49)岁,t=-2. 319,P=0. 022]、BMI[(24.69±3. 36) kg/m2vs(22. 54±3. 31) kg/m2,t=-3. 346,P=0. 001]、腰围[(89. 45±10. 51) cm vs(83. 44±10. 30) cm,t=-2. 753,P=0.007]、收缩压[(128. 78±16. 92) mm Hg vs(117. 00±15. 91) mm Hg,t=-3. 698,P 0. 001]、ALT[24. 00(18. 00～40. 00) U/L vs 22. 00(16.00～29. 00) U/L,Z=-1. 957,P=0. 022]、TC[(4. 73±0. 96) mmol/L vs(4. 27±0. 90) mmol/L,t=-2. 537,P=0. 013]、LDL[(2. 92±0.78) mmol/L vs(2. 59±0. 68) mmol/L,t=-2. 295,P=0. 024]、CAP[(257. 51±34. 22) dB/m vs(238. 67±33. 44) dB/m,t=-2. 789,P=0. 006]均高于对照组。logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄[比值比(OR)=1. 054,95%可信区间(95%CI):1. 009～1. 102,P=0.019]、BMI(OR=1. 191,95%CI:1. 026～1. 382,P=0. 021)、LDL(OR=2. 058,95%CI:1. 034～4. 097,P=0. 040)、ALT(OR=1. 038,95%CI:1. 008～1. 070,P=0. 013)、CAP(OR=1. 320,95%CI:1. 163～1. 481,P=0. 001)为结直肠腺瘤性息肉的独立危险因素。NAFLD组结直肠腺瘤性息肉[重度组19例(73. 08%)、中度组19例(73. 08%)、轻度组14例(53. 85%) vs 11例(40. 74%),χ~2=8.088,P=0. 040]高于无脂肪肝组。logistic回归分析结果显示,在模型1、2中,中度NAFLD(OR值分别为1. 044、1. 011,95%CI分别为1. 007～1. 083、1. 001～1. 022,P值分别为0. 019、0. 033)、重度NAFLD(OR值分别为1. 183、1. 129,95%CI分别为1. 034～1.354、1. 030～1. 236,P值分别为0. 015、0. 009)是结直肠腺瘤性息肉危险因素;在模型3中,校正年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病、尿酸、TG、LDL、ALT后,重度NAFLD(OR=1. 078,95%CI:1. 023～1. 136,P=0. 005)仍是结直肠腺瘤性息肉发病的危险因素。结论 NAFLD是结直肠腺瘤性息肉发生的独立危险因素,NAFLD严重程度越高,结直肠腺瘤性息肉发生风险越高。因此,建议NAFLD患者,特别是重度NAFLD患者定期行结肠镜检查,以早期发现、早期治疗结直肠腺瘤性息肉,最终降低我国结直肠肿瘤发病率及死亡率。     

结直肠锯齿状腺瘤内镜表现和病理学特征分析

目的探讨锯齿状腺瘤（SA）内镜下表现和病理学特征。方法回顾分析滨州医学院附属医院2000年1月～2008年5月检出的大肠息肉病例,了解SA的检出率、内镜形态和病理学特征。结果8726例肠镜检查共检出大肠息肉1062例（1457枚）,检出率为12．17％,其中SA32例（60枚）,检出率为0．37％,占息肉构成比为3．01％。SA直径〉1cm者占21．63％,明显大于增生性息肉（8．57％）;SA表现为有蒂息肉所占的比例（8．33％）略高于增生性息肉（5．71％）,但都低于腺瘤性息肉（40．84％）。SA癌变率介于管状腺瘤和绒毛状腺瘤之间,接近于管状绒毛状腺瘤。结论SA内镜形态、病理学特点提示SA是兼有增生性息肉形态学特征和腺瘤性息肉组织学特点的息肉,具有恶变潜能.     

233例结直肠腺瘤摘除术后随访和内镜监测的临床分析

目的 了解结直肠腺瘤(CRA)摘除后复发情况和结肠镜监测现状,探讨CRA复发的相关危险因素.方法 收集2005年6月至2009年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院符合研究标准283例CRA摘除住院患者临床资料并进行随访.统计分析CRA摘除后复发率,结肠镜监测间期和CRA复发的关系及CRA复发的相关危险因素;分析肠镜监测组监测间期、频次,及未行监测的原因.结果 共随访CRA摘除后患者235例,随访率83.0％(235/283),其中生存患者233例,随访时间最短者12个月,最长66个月,随访时间中位数为(35.1±14.2)个月.结肠镜监测组患者115例,监测率为49.4％(115/233),复发率45.0％(50/111),未监测组118例;年龄≥60岁、体重指数≥25kg/m2、多发腺瘤(≥2个)与CRA复发明显相关,差异有统计学意义(x2值分别=4.299、5.291和8.883,P值分别=0.038、0.021和0.027);未监测组患者对CRA需要定期监测的知晓率明显低于监测组,差异有统计学意义(x2=37.819,P＜0.01).结论 CRA摘除术后复发率较高;高龄、高体重指数、多发腺瘤是预测CRA复发的独立危险因素;我院CRA摘除后结肠镜监测率低,主要原因在于患者对CRA摘除后定期监测重要性的认识不足.     

黏膜切除术治疗结直肠广基隆起性腺瘤性息肉98例临床研究

目的探讨内镜下黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR)治疗结直肠广基隆起性腺瘤性息肉患者的疗效。方法回顾性分析98例结直肠广基隆起性腺瘤性息肉(息肉直径0.6~2.0 cm)患者的临床资料并行EMR治疗。结果 98例均经电子结肠镜检查及术前病理诊断为腺瘤性息肉,均为广基隆起性病变,共120枚,行EMR,留取完整标本病理检查,创面均给予钛夹封闭。术后病理诊断为腺瘤性息肉113例,高级别瘤变4例,局部癌变3例,7例切缘均无癌细胞,未追加外科手术。1个月后复查见病变部位黏膜光滑,未见息肉及病变黏膜残留。高级别瘤变及局部癌变7例随访3年,未见肿瘤复发及它处转移。结论对于广基隆起性腺瘤性息肉行EMR较既往单纯的高频电灼或氩离子凝固术有助于发现早期癌,改善患者的预后。     

Incidence of colorectal neoplasms among male pilots

AIM: To assess the prevalence of colorectal neoplasms (adenomas, advanced adenomas and colorectal cancers) among Israeli military and commercial airline pilots.METHODS: Initial screening colonoscopy was performed on average-risk (no symptoms and no family history) airline pilots at the Integrated Cancer Prevention Center (ICPC) in the Tel-Aviv Medical Center. Visualized polyps were excised and sent for pathological examination. Advanced adenoma was defined as a lesion >10 mm in diameter, with high-grade dysplasia or villous histology. The results were compared with those of an age- and gender-matched random sample of healthy adults undergoing routine screening at the ICPC.RESULTS: There were 270 pilots (mean age 55.2 ± 7.4 years) and 1150 controls (mean age 55.7 ± 7.8 years). The prevalence of colorectal neoplasms was 15.9% among the pilots and 20.6% among the controls (P = 0.097, χ² test). There were significantly more hyperplastic polyps among pilots (15.5% vs 9.4%, P = 0.004) and a trend towards fewer adenomas (14.8% vs 20.3% P = 0.06). The prevalence of advanced lesions among pilots and control groups was 5.9% and 4.7%, respectively (P = 0.49), and the prevalence of cancer was 0.7% and 0.69%, respectively (P = 0.93).CONCLUSION: There tends to be a lower colorectal adenoma, advanced adenoma and cancer prevalence but a higher hyperplastic polyp prevalence among pilots than the general population.     

Management of local recurrence after endoscopic resection of neoplastic colonic polyps

A proportion of neoplastic polyps are incompletely resected, resulting in local recurrence, especially after resection of large polyps or piecemeal resection. Local recurrences that develop after endoscopic resection of intramucosal neoplasms that lacked risk factors for lymph node metastasis or positive vertical margins are usually treated endoscopically. Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is indicated for local residual or recurrent early carcinomas after endoscopic resection. However, ESD for such recurrent lesions is technically difficult and is typically a lengthy procedure. Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection(UEMR), which was developed in 2012, is suitable for recurrent or residual lesions and reportedly achieves superior en bloc resection rates and endoscopic complete resection rates than conventional EMR. However, a large recurrent lesion is a negative independent predictor of successful en bloc resection and of complete endoscopic removal. We therefore perform UEMR for relatively small(≤ 10-15 mm) recurrent lesions and ESD for larger lesions.     

Follow-up colonoscopy in patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps

Forty-four asymptomatic patients with adenomatous colorectal polyps were followed by repeated colonoscopies and subsequent removal of new polyps. The median follow-up time was 34 months (range, 4 to 131 months). Twenty-six patients (59 percent) developed new adenomatous polyps. Therecurrence rate was 69 percent in patients with multiple polyps compared with 54 percent in patients with a single polyp. The location of new polyps was in the same colonic segment in 81 percent of the patients, but not at the same site in the colon where a previous polyp had been removed. The histopathology and size of new polyps compared with the initial polyps showed a significant improvement in histopathology toward more benign polyps (P<0.02) and smaller polyps (P<0.001). In patients who initially had single adenomatous polyps, new polyp(s) were diagnosed after a mean time of 23 months compared initially. Patients with atypia in initial polyp(s) developed new polyp(s) after a mean time of 11 months compared with 23 months in patients without atypia. The mean time from a colon with no polyps to the diagnosis of a new adenomatous polyp less than 5 mm in size was 11.5 months, which was a statistically significant shorter time than the 19.4 months observed for the development of polyps 5 mm or larger.     

大肠息肉125例内镜下治疗效果分析

目的探讨大肠息肉内镜下治疗的疗效及安全性。方法对2007年5月～2011年5月施行肠镜下息肉高频电凝切除的125例病例进行回顾性分析。结果本组125例患者,共281枚息肉均予高频电凝切除,治疗过程中98枚采用圈套电凝电切,91枚采用电凝烧灼,92枚采用氩离子凝固术。本组并发症中有4例并发出血,1例并发穿孔,并发症发生率为4．0％。结论内镜下高频电凝切除大肠息肉是一种简便、安全和有效的方法。     

Prospective cohort comparison of flavonoid treatment in patients with resected colorectal cancer to prevent recurrence

AIM： To investigate biological prevention with flavonoids the recurrence risk of neoplasia was studied in patients with resected colorectal cancer and after adenoma polypectomy. METHODS： Eighty-seven patients, 36 patients with resected colon cancer and 51 patients after polypectomy, were divided into 2 groups： one group was treated with a flavonoid mixture （daily standard dose 20 mg apigenin and 20 mg epigallocathechin-gallat, n = 31） and compared with a matched control group （n = 56）. Both groups were observed for 3-4 years by surveillance colonoscopy and by questionnaire. RESULTS： Of 87 patients enrolled in this study, 36 had resected colon cancer and 29 of these patients had surveillance colonoscopy. Among the flavonoid-treated patients with resected colon cancer （n = 14）, there was no cancer recurrence and one adenoma developed. In contrast the cancer recurrence rate of the 15 matched untreated controls was 20% （3 of 15） and adenomas evolved in 4 of those patients （27%）. The combined recurrence rate for neoplasia was 7% （1 of 14） in the treated patients and 47% （7 of 15） in the controls （P = 0.027）. CONCLUSION： Sustained long-term treatment with a flavonoid mixture could reduce the recurrence rate of colon neoplasia in patients with resected colon cancer.     

Role of high definition colonoscopy in colorectal adenomatous polyp detection

AIM:To investigate the rates of polyp detection in a mixed risk population using standard definition (SDC) vs high definition colonoscopes (HDC).METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort comparative study of 3 colonoscopists who each consecutively performed 150 SDC (307,200 pixel) and 150 HDC (792,576 pixels) in a community teaching hospital.RESULTS:A total of 900 colonoscopies were evaluated (mean age 56,46.8% men),450 with each resolution.Polyps of any type were detected in 46.0% of patients using SDC and 4...     

Endoscopic management of colorectal polyps: From benign to malignant polyps

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer related death in the world. The early detection and removal of CRC precursor lesions has been shown to reduce the incidence of CRC and cancer-related mortality. Endoscopic resection has become the first-line treatment for the removal of most precursor benign colorectal lesions and selected malignant polyps. Detailed lesion assessment is the first critical step in the evaluation and management of colorectal polyps. Polyp size, location and both macro-and micro-features provide important information regarding histological grade and endoscopic resectability. Benign polyps and even malignant polyps with superficial submucosal invasion and favorable histological features can be adequately removed endoscopically. When compared to surgery, endoscopic resection is associated with lower morbidity, mortality, and higher patient quality of life. Conversely, malignant polyps with deep submucosal invasion and/or high risk for lymph node metastasis will require surgery. From a practical standpoint,the most appropriate strategy for each patient will need to be individualized,based not only on polyp-and patient-related characteristics, but also on local resources and expertise availability. In this review, we provide a broad overview and present a potential decision tree algorithm for the evaluation and management of colorectal polyps that can be widely adopted into clinical practice.