经结肠镜高频电圈套器联合尼龙绳套扎和/或钛夹钳夹治疗大肠宽蒂和大息肉156例

目的:评价结肠镜下高频电圈套器联合尼龙绳套扎和/或钛夹钳夹摘除大肠宽蒂、大息肉的疗效及安全性.方法:结肠镜下宽蒂息肉先予尼龙绳套扎其息肉根部,再予高频电圈套器凝切;大息肉(直径大于2.0cm者)先予钛夹2-3枚在息肉根部钳夹,然后再用高频电圈套器分块凝切.结果:结肠镜治疗大肠息肉788例、其中宽蒂、大息肉156例(宽蒂67例、大息肉89例),经予上述方法进行内镜下摘除,一次性切除息肉102枚(65.38%),分次切除54枚(34.62%),均获满意疗效,其中即刻出血2例(1.28%),立即给予内镜下血凝酶喷洒、电凝和/或钛夹,即时止血,无迟发出血.全部病例无1例穿孔.结论:经结肠镜高频电圈套器摘除消化系宽蒂、大息肉前给予尼龙绳套扎和/或钛夹钳夹息肉根部,明显减少了出血、穿孔等并发症,突破了以往内镜治疗息肉关于大小、宽蒂等禁区,避免了手术引起的创伤,安全可靠,值得推荐.     

内镜下使用尼龙绳或钛夹辅助切除大肠粗蒂息肉安全性与疗效比较

[目的]探讨尼龙绳联合高频电凝电切术或金属钛夹联合高频电切术在切除结肠粗蒂息肉中安全性与疗效。[方法]收集经过结肠镜检查发现大肠粗蒂息肉(直径≥1.0cm)患者78例,分为尼龙绳组(A组,n=38)、金属钛夹组(B组,n=40)。A组使用尼龙绳套扎息肉基底部后再用高频电圈套器行息肉电凝电切术:B组使用钛夹夹于息肉基底部再用高频电圈套器行息肉电凝电切术。[结果]A组、B组息肉均一次性切除,均未出现肠穿孔;术后并发出血的患者A组1例、B组2例,术后并发感染的患者A组1例、B组1例;2组安全性与疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]内镜下使用尼龙绳或钛夹辅助切除大肠粗蒂息肉安全有效,操作简单,值得临床借鉴推广。     

结肠镜下钛夹钳夹后电刀治疗结直肠粗蒂息肉的疗效观察

目的探讨结肠镜下钛夹钳夹后电刀治疗结直肠道粗蒂息肉的效果及安全性。方法消化内镜钛夹联合高频电切技术切除对于2cm以上结直肠粗蒂息肉102例患者（152枚息肉）,均先用钛夹钳夹根部后再用电刀切除原钛夹钳夹处远端。结果在所有102例患者（152枚息肉）中均能安全切除,恢复良好,术后5d内痊愈出院,均无穿孔、出血等并发症的发生。结论结肠镜下消化内镜钛夹钳夹后电刀治疗结直肠道粗蒂息肉,简单方便,安全有效,有效避免或减少了术后并发症,值得临床上推广。     

静脉全麻下高频电凝电切联合钛夹治疗小儿大肠粗蒂息肉的临床评价

目的探讨静脉全麻下高频电凝电切联合钛夹治疗小儿大肠粗蒂或宽基息肉方法的临床价值。方法在静脉全麻下经内镜活检孔输送钛夹并钳夹于息肉根部,再行高频电凝电切术切除息肉。结果 60例全部麻醉情况良好,未出现任何麻醉意外;共66枚大肠粗蒂或宽基息肉均能成功一次性切除,术后1～3周内钛夹完全脱落,成功率为100%。所有病例术中未见渗血,术后未见出血及穿孔。结论静脉全麻肠镜下高频电凝电切联合钛夹治疗小儿大肠粗蒂息肉具有安全性高及疗效好的优点,值得临床推广。     

结肠镜下电切治疗高风险息肉的预处理

目的:探讨结肠镜下电切治疗高风险息肉的预处理技巧、方法和效果.方法:本组患者131例,发现高风险息肉共145枚(包括大肠宽蒂息肉、大息肉、表面充血显著、基底有明显血管通过、内镜下暴露不佳等息肉);对于大肠宽蒂息肉(蒂部直径>1cm)电切治疗前用尼龙圈套器套扎息肉蒂部;对于>2cm有蒂息肉电切前(蒂部直径<1cm)金属钛夹闭息肉蒂部;对于2.0-3.0cm广基/亚蒂息肉先于息肉基底部黏膜下注射,充分抬举后进行切除;对于息肉表面充血显著、基底有明显血管通过、内镜下暴露不充分的大息肉,术前联系手术室,先试行结肠镜下切除,如果切除困难,立即腹腔镜治疗,观察肠出血、肠穿孔等并发症的发生.结果:经尼龙圈套器套扎后切除10枚,经金属钛夹钳夹后切除32枚,经息肉基底部黏膜下注射后切除60枚,于手术室结肠镜切除31枚,于手术室腹腔镜切除12枚,所有患者均未出现肠大出血及肠穿孔等严重并发症.结论:有效的预处理有助于高风险肠息肉内镜下高频电切的治疗,可提高治疗的安全性,避免肠出血、肠穿孔等并发症的发生,值得临床推广应用.     

经内镜尼龙圈套扎治疗巨大大肠息肉33例临床分析

目的探讨内镜下尼龙圈套扎法治疗亚蒂或粗蒂大肠息肉的应用价值。方法对2002年1月至2006年8月沈阳军区总医院消化内镜科收治的巨大大肠息肉患者33例采用结肠镜下尼龙圈结扎装置将尼龙圈套扎于大息肉根部,协同高频电切除治疗。结果本组33例亚蒂或粗蒂大肠息肉均套扎成功。术后2周复查结肠镜示:息肉完全脱落消失或残留少许蒂部22例,治愈率66.7%;其余11例(33.3%)息肉瘤体明显缩小均超过1/3以上,其中7例部分脱落,创面形成溃疡,再次行高频电切除,其余4例再次套扎,1周后协同高频电切除。所有病例未出现出血、穿孔等并发症。结论内镜下尼龙圈套扎治疗结肠宽基底或亚蒂息肉是一种安全、行之有效的方法,与高频电切除等治疗手段优势互补,值得推广。     

内镜下钛夹配合高频电凝电切治疗大肠息肉258例

大肠息肉是消化道常见疾病,对于大肠息肉应及时处理,从而阻断息肉逐渐发展最终癌变这一过程.随着内镜下治疗水平的日益提高,内镜下大肠息肉高频电凝电切术已普遍用于绝大多数大肠息肉的治疗手段,临床上发现单纯行大肠息肉高频电凝电切术后易发生出血或穿孔,相对来说体积较大且血供丰富的息肉更容易并发出血或穿孔.钛夹配合内镜下高频电凝电切是临床上常用的方法,该方法可以有效预防出血或穿孔的发生.我们对258例大肠息肉患者采用内镜下钛夹配合高频电凝电切除治疗,取得满意的效果.     

经内镜金属夹钳夹后电凝切除治疗胃肠宽蒂大息肉

内镜下高频电凝切除术治疗胃肠道息肉最常见的并发症是出血和穿孔,直径>2cm尤其是蒂基部直径>1cm者,因电凝不充分或机械性切割,易产生即时或术后出血,甚至穿孔。金属夹因其牢固的钳夹作用,已成为内镜下治疗多种消化道出血的首选方法,我们利用其良好的止血特性对25例胃肠宽蒂大息肉先行钳夹,然后电凝切除,取得了良好的疗效。     

大肠息肉结肠镜下高频电切除术后处理措施对术后并发症的影响

目的:总结和探讨大肠息肉高频电切除术后结肠镜下处理措施的必要性,通过随访对术前、术中及术后所采取不同措施预防并发症的效果进行评价.方法:回顾性分析青岛大学附属医院崂山院区内镜室在2013-08/2015-09进行的结肠镜检查及治疗中符合本研究的1280例大肠息肉行高频电切术患者,对所收集资料进行整理、汇总,结合随访结果,做相关分析.结果:1280例大肠息肉行高频电切术的患者中1273例恢复良好,无明显不适,占99.45%;5例有不同程度术后出血,占0.39%;2例出现息肉电凝切除术后综合征,占0.16%.结论:结肠镜下高频电切除息肉的患者需要进行预防性止血和或穿孔处理,强调术后饮食控制及休息对预防并发症是极其重要的.     

尼龙绳和钛夹在大肠粗蒂息肉切除过程中的风险评估

目的 探讨尼龙绳联合高频电凝电切术和金属钛夹联合高频电凝电切术在大肠粗蒂息肉切除中的应用价值,并比较它们的疗效和安全性.方法 2006年1月～ 2012年12月连续选取大肠粗蒂息肉患者119例,并随机分为两组:A组,59例,共64枚息肉,应用尼龙绳套扎息肉的基底部,然后用高频电套圈器进行息肉电凝电切术;B组,60例,共68枚息肉,使用钛夹夹于息肉的基底部,然后使用高频电套圈器进行息肉电凝电切术.结果 所有息肉均成功摘除,A组和B组各有出血患者2例和3例.结论 内镜下尼龙绳联合高频电凝电切术或者金属钛夹联合高频电凝切除术治疗大肠粗蒂息肉,疗效与安全性均较好,两种方法的疗效和安全性比较差异均无统计学意义.     

辛伐他汀对血脂异常人群缺血性脑卒中的预防

目的研究辛伐他汀对血脂异常人群缺血性脑卒中的预防作用。方法将2853例血脂异常人群分为预防组(693例)和对照组(2160例),预防组给予辛伐他汀20mg/d,睡前口服。分析2组血脂变化、心脑血管事件、脑卒中等差异。结果预防组受试者糖尿病患病率比对照组高,预防组随访率98．7%,对照组随访率96．2%。预防组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较对照组低[(2．54±1．01)mmol/L vs(4．12±1．29)mmol/L,P＜0．05],5年生存率高(94．13% vs 83．47%,P＜0．01),缺血性脑卒中和心脑血管事件发生率低。2组死亡的主要原因是:心脑血管疾病、肿瘤和感染。吸烟、高血压、肥胖和糖尿病是脑卒中和心脑血管事件的高危因素。结论辛伐他汀能有效降低血脂异常人群的心脑血管事件。     

Treatment of cachexia with ghrelin in patients with COPD

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide that also induces a positive energy balance by decreasing fat utility and stimulating feeding through GH-independent mechanisms. We investigated whether ghrelin improves cachexia and functional capacity in patients with COPD. METHODS: This is an open-label pilot study. Human ghrelin (2 microg/kg bid) was IV administered to seven cachectic patients with COPD for 3 weeks. Food intake, body composition, muscle strength, exercise capacity, pulmonary function, and sympathetic nerve activity were examined before and after ghrelin therapy. RESULTS: A single administration of ghrelin markedly increased serum GH (21-fold). Three-week treatment with ghrelin resulted in a significant increase in mean (+/- SEM) body weight (49.3 +/- 3.6 to 50.3 +/- 3.8 kg; p < 0.05). Food intake was significantly increased during ghrelin therapy. Ghrelin increased lean body mass and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength. Ghrelin significantly increased Karnofsky performance status score and the distance walked in 6 min (370 +/- 30 to 432 +/- 35 m; p < 0.05), although it did not significantly alter pulmonary function. Ghrelin attenuated the exaggerated sympathetic nerve activity, as indicated by a marked decrease in plasma norepinephrine level (889 +/- 123 to 597 +/- 116 pg/mL; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that repeated administration of ghrelin improves body composition, muscle wasting, functional capacity, and sympathetic augmentation in cachectic patients with COPD.     

Efficacy of eprosartan in combination with HCTZ in patients with essential hypertension

This randomised, double-blind study was designed to investigate the efficacy of a once-daily (OD) combination of the AT(1) receptor blocker, eprosartan 600 mg, and the thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.5 mg, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure (sitDBP) > or =98 mm Hg and < or =114 mm Hg) not adequately controlled with eprosartan 600 mg OD. A total of 494 patients entered the open-label monotherapy run-in phase, which consisted of eprosartan 600 mg OD for 3 weeks. Patients who responded to monotherapy were not eligible to enter the randomised phase of the study and were withdrawn. The remaining 309 patients were then randomised to either eprosartan 600 mg plus HCTZ 12.5 mg OD or to continue on eprosartan 600 mg OD. In the eprosartan plus HCTZ combination group, both sitDBP and sitting systolic blood pressure (sitSBP) were significantly reduced compared with the eprosartan monotherapy group. In addition, the response rate was higher in the combination group compared with the monotherapy group. There were no significant effects on reduction of sitDBP due to gender, prior use of antihypertensives or baseline severity of hypertension. The tolerability profile for the combination group was similar to that for the monotherapy group. Headache was the most frequent adverse event in both treatment groups. The majority of adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity. In this study of patients who were unresponsive to eprosartan monotherapy for 3 weeks, a combination product of eprosartan 600 mg and HCTZ 12.5 mg was shown to be an effective and well tolerated treatment.