类风湿性关节炎患者外周血Th17/Treg细胞比率失衡的研究

目的:观察类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者外周血Th17细胞与Foxp3+CD4+CD25+调节性T(Treg)细胞的平衡状态与疾病状态的关系,初步阐明Th17/Treg细胞比率失衡在RA发病机制中的作用和意义。方法:流式细胞术(FCM)检测RA患者和健康人外周血中Th17细胞和Foxp3+CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的比率。结果:活动期RA患者外周血CD3+CD4+T细胞和Th17细胞的比率均明显高于健康对照组(P均0.05);而Foxp3+CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的比率明显低于健康对照组(P0.05)。随疾病活动性的增加,Th17细胞表达增高(P0.05);而Foxp3+CD4+CD25+Treg细胞表达降低,但无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:RA患者外周血T细胞紊乱以CD4+T细胞的增加为主,Th17细胞比率的增加和Foxp3+CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比率的降低所致的Th17/Treg细胞比率失衡,可能在RA的发生发展中起重要作用。     

CD4~+ T细胞亚群在类风湿性关节炎中的研究进展

类风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种病因尚未明确的慢性、全身炎症性自身免疫性疾病,发病机制非常复杂,遗传、环境和免疫因素可能共同发挥作用。免疫功能失衡尤其是CD4+T细胞中的辅助T细胞亚群Th1、Th2、Th17细胞、调节性T细胞(Treg)免疫功能失衡被认为是诱导RA发病的中心环节,进而导致关节滑膜细胞增生、血管翳的形成、炎性细胞浸润并伴有不同程度的软骨及骨质的侵蚀。因此,及时矫正Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比例、功能及相关因子网络的免疫紊乱,可能是RA治疗新的有效靶点。虽然目前越来越多的研究证明Treg、Th1、Th2、Th17细胞参与RA各个发展进程,但报道的结果却不尽相同,现就目前发现的与RA相关的CD4+T细胞亚群的研究进行综述。     

C D4＋ T细胞亚群在类风湿关节炎中的研究

类风湿关节炎（ rheumatoid arthritis, RA）是由多因素共同作用引起的自身免疫性疾病,至今发病机制仍未完全阐明, CD4＋T细胞在RA的发生发展中发挥重要作用。早期发现Th1／Th2细胞后,新的CD4＋T细胞亚群不断被发现,包括Th17细胞、 Treg细胞、 Th22细胞、 Th9细胞和Tfh细胞。不同CD4＋T细胞亚群在RA中表达异常,深入研究不同亚群CD4＋T细胞在RA中的作用可为RA的发病机制提供线索。     

类风湿关节炎患者Th17和CD161+Th17细胞水平的变化

目的 观察类风湿关节炎(RA)患者和健康对照组外周血中CD4+ IL-17+T细胞(Th17)和CD4+ CD161+ IL-17+T细胞(CD161+Th17)的水平,探讨其在RA发病过程中的意义.方法 采用流式细胞术测定36例RA患者和11例健康对照组外周血中Th17细胞及CD161+ Th17的细胞百分率.结果 RA患者外周血Th17及CD161+ Th17细胞水平明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.01)且与疾病活动指数(DAS28)、血沉和C-反应蛋白水平呈显著正相关(P ＜0.05);RA患者和健康对照组外周血中CD161+ Th17细胞百分率明显高于Th17细胞百分率(P＜0.01);Th17细胞百分率与CD161+ Th17细胞百分率显著正相关(P＜0.01).结论 Th17及CD161+ Th17细胞在RA患者外周血中均增高且与疾病活动度正相关.     

HIV/AIDS患者外周血CD4~+T细胞亚群及中性粒细胞CD64的变化及临床意义

目的探讨HIV/AIDS患者外周血中CD4+T细胞亚群及中性粒细胞CD64的变化及临床意义。方法筛选2014年5月至9月河南中医学院第一附属医院艾滋病临床研究中心收治的47例HIV/AIDS患者,根据CD4+T淋巴细胞数将其分为A组(CD4≤350 cell/μl)23人,B组(CD4350 cell/μl)24人,同期选取健康对照组20人。用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测3组人员外周血中CD4+T细胞亚群(Th1、Th2、Th17、Treg)及中性粒细胞表面CD64表达水平,用SPSS17.0软件分析数据。所有数据用中位数表示,2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney检验,相关性分析采用Spearman秩相关。结果 A组和健康对照组Th1细胞(CD4+IFN-γ+)百分比均高于B组(P=0.040,P=0.028);A组Th2细胞(CD4+IL4+)百分比高于B组(P=0.015);A和B组Treg细胞(CD4+CD25+FOXP3+)百分比均高于健康对照组(P均0.05),A组Treg细胞高于B组(P=0.001);Th17细胞以及中性粒细胞表面CD64的表达量3组比较差异无统计学意义;Treg细胞与CD4+T细胞呈负相关(r=-0.734,P=0.000),Treg细胞与Th1/Th2比值呈负相关(r=-0.300,P=0.015)。结论 HIV/AIDS患者CD4+T细胞亚群之间的平衡失调,调节性T细胞处于优势状态,CD4+T细胞亚群变化可作为HIV/AIDS患者疾病进展的动态监测指标。CD64是机体急性炎症感染的一个重要参考指标,但在HIV/AIDS患者中变化不明显。     

CVB3诱导的病毒性心肌炎小鼠模型中CD4~+T细胞亚群格局及其作用

本研究主要关注BALB/c小鼠感染柯萨奇病毒B3型(CVB3)后CD4+T细胞亚群格局的变化及其对病毒性心肌炎发病的贡献度。CVB3腹腔感染小鼠后第7d,通过小鼠体重下降率、心肌损伤血清学指标肌酸激酶(CK)活性以及心肌组织病理学改变等多项指标证实小鼠心肌炎模型的成功建立。经Real-time PCR检测感染第7d脾脏CD4+T细胞亚群主要细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17A、IL-17F及转录因子Foxp3表达情况;以流式细胞术检测了CD4+T细胞各亚群比例,并通过多元线性回归分析法评估了各T细胞亚群对病毒性心肌炎发病的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,CVB3感染小鼠脾脏IL-17A、IL-17F、IFN-γ表达均显著上升(分别约为12、8.5、5倍),而IL-4和Foxp3表达无明显变化。CVB3感染小鼠脾脏中CD4+IL-17+Th17细胞的上调幅度最为明显,约2.75倍,其次为IFN-γ+Th1细胞,上调约2.27倍,而Th2和Treg细胞无明显变化。进一步统计学分析显示,Th17对病毒性心肌炎发病的贡献度最高(1.808),Th1次之,贡献度为1.581,而Th2和Treg对病毒性心肌炎发病无显著影响,提示CD4+T细胞亚群格局变化与病毒性心肌炎发病密切相关,其中以Th17对心肌炎发病的贡献度尤为显著。     

辐射损伤后T细胞亚群的免疫重建特点及中药山茱萸的调节作用

目的:探讨小鼠辐射损伤后T细胞亚群免疫重建特点及山茱萸的调节作用。方法:采用X射线2.6 Gy单次全身照射建立小鼠辐射损伤模型及山茱萸实验模型,分别在辐射前后,检测小鼠血常规变化;应用流式细胞术检测CD3+、CD4+和CD8+T细胞及其Th1、Tc1、Th2、Th17和Treg亚群的比例。结果:辐射后第3天,外周血和脾脏中淋巴细胞总数及T细胞(包括CD4+、CD8+)比例显著降低(P0.05);T细胞在辐射后第5天开始重建,其中以CD8+T细胞为主,CD4+T细胞在第8天恢复重建。但T细胞分泌IFN-γ能力(Th1/Tc1)低于正常对照组(P0.05)。相反,Th2、Th17、Treg亚群比例显著增高(P0.05)。与照射组相比,山茱萸处理小鼠Th1亚群比例明显上调(P0.05),Th2、Th17、Treg亚群的比例或数量显著下降(P0.05)。结论:X射线单次照射后,CD8+T细胞免疫重建早于CD4+T细胞,但IFN-γ分泌能力较弱。山茱萸可显著上调Th1比例,抑制Th2、Th17、Treg增殖,改善辐射诱导T细胞亚群失衡,增强辐射损伤后Th1类细胞亚群的免疫重建优势。     

Th细胞在类风湿关节炎发病作用的研究进展

T细胞功能紊乱,尤其是辅助性CD4+T细胞异常活化,在类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid ar thritis,RA)的发生发展中处于中心环节,CD4+T细胞亚群Th1/Th2细胞及Th17/Treg细胞之间的失衡可能是RA发病的最直接和最重要的因素。Th细胞相关细胞因子通过作用于多种细胞并相互调节形成一个复杂的网络,Th1和Th17细胞通过产生炎性细胞因子IFN、TNF-α、IL-2、IL-1、IL-17等造成了滑膜炎的发生,Th2和Treg细胞通过直接接触或分泌细胞因子IL-4、IL-10等参与抗炎效应。本文旨在阐述Th细胞及相关细胞因子的促炎和抗炎平衡在RA发生发展中所起的关键作用。     

CD8+T调节细胞的研究进展

调节性T细胞(Regulation T cell, Treg)是参与外周耐受性调节的一个重要细胞群。目前发现具有耐受调节作用的T细胞包括了CD4+ Treg细胞、 Th3细胞、 Treg1细胞、 NKT(nature killer cells)细胞、 Th17细胞和CD8+Treg细胞等[1]。     

JAK2-STAT3 / STAT5 信号通路与儿童食物过敏CD4+ T 淋巴细胞亚群变化的相关性研究

目的:探讨JAK2-STAT3/ STAT5 信号通路与儿童食物过敏CD4+ T 淋巴细胞亚群变化的相关性。方法:收集2015 年1 月至2017 年3 月来我院就诊的食物过敏患儿78 例,为过敏组;同期收集来我院体检的健康儿童78 例,为对照组。并根据儿童年龄将过敏组和对照组分为A、B、C、D 四组,其中A 组臆1 岁,B 组1 ~3 岁(不包括1 岁),C 组3 ~6 岁(不包括3 岁),D 组6 ~11 岁(不包括6 岁)。采用流式细胞仪检测CD4+ T 淋巴细胞亚群Th1、Th2、Th17 和调节性T 淋巴细胞(Treg)百分比,同时采用qPCR 检测外周血单核细胞JAK2、STAT3、STAT5 的mRNA 水平,分析两组儿童上述CD4+ T 淋巴细胞亚群和JAK2、STAT3、STAT5 表达水平的差异,并进一步分析JAK2-STAT3/ STAT5 信号通路和CD4+ T 淋巴细胞亚群的相关性。结果:对照组A 组、B 组、C 组儿童Th1、Treg 淋巴细胞百分比及Th1/ Th2、Treg/ Th17 比值均明显高于过敏组患儿A 组、B 组、C 组,而Th2、Th17 淋巴细胞百分比均小于过敏组所对应的同年龄段患儿,随儿童年龄增大,两组间差异均明显减小,但差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组D 组儿童和过敏组D 组儿童上述指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。分别针对A、B、C 三组患儿JAK2、STAT3、STAT5 和CD4+ T 淋巴细胞亚群水平进行相关性比较,Th1、Treg、Th1/ Th2、Treg/ Th17 的相关性系数均<0(P<0.05),而Th2、Th17 的相关性系数均>0(P<0.05),且上述三组的相关系数绝对值逐次减小。上述信号通路分子与CD4+ T 淋巴细胞亚群水平在D 组均无明显相关性。结论:低龄食物过敏儿童的JAK2-STAT3/ STAT5 信号通路存在明显活化和CD4+ T淋巴细胞亚群改变现象,JAK2-STAT3/ STAT5 信号通路可有效调控CD4+ T 淋巴细胞亚群的分布,并伴随患儿年龄增大,上述作用相关性减弱并消失。     

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a rare subset of stem cells residing in the bone marrow where they closely interact with hematopoietic stem cells and support their growth and differentiation. MSC can differentiate into multiple mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal lineages, providing a promising tool for tissue repair. In addition, MSC suppress many T cell, B cell and NK cell functions and may affect also dendritic cell activities. Due to their limited immunogenicity, MSC are poorly recognized by HLA-incompatible hosts. Based on these unique properties, MSC are currently under investigation for their possible use to treat immuno-mediated diseases. However, both their condition of immunoprivilege and their immunosuppressive function have recently been challenged when analyzed under particular experimental conditions. Thus, it is likely that MSC effects on the immune system may be deeply influenced not only by cell-to-cell interactions, but also by environmental factors shaping their phenotype and functions.     

Influences of the pia mater on the precursors of nerve cells

Summary In the developing cerebellum of 8-day old rats surgical lesions were made. During regeneration of the cerebellum the pia mater was found to penetrate inside the neural tissue. Partially differentiated Purkinje cells and granule cells, that were in close contact with the pial cells, were found atrophied. When the profilerative cells of external granular layer came into contact with the pial cells, they were reduced to a primitive type of epitheloid cells. In this instance epithelio-mesenchymal interaction was found deleterious to the precursors of neurons. However, when the epithelioid cells were freed from the contact with the pial cells by intervening basement membrane, they differentiated into ependymal cells. Such ependymal cells gave rise to small as well as large new ventriculer structures, and structures resembling chorioid plexus.This research was supported by NIH Research Grant NS08817-03. Acknowledgements are due to Sheila Anderson for histology and to Donna Whitehurst for photographic work.     

干细胞若干定义的相关探讨

背景：近10年来干细胞研究所取得的巨大进展,不仅影响和促进了生物学及其相关基础科学,而且还在医学、药物开发、农业等许多领域得到广泛的应用,目前已成为研究的热点问题。 目的：在干细胞的定义上还存在一些需要探讨的问题,明确定义将有利于干细胞研究的快速发展。 方法：回顾干细胞的发展和概念提出,特别是通过中英文权威定义的比较,提出作者的看法。 结果与结论：干细胞的定义上还存在一些问题值得探讨,特别是一些中英文表述不同影响了理解。例如,“多能干细胞”对应译成两个单词：Pluripotent Stem Cell和Multipotent Stem Cell,然而Pluripotent和Multipotent两个单词的英文意义不同。为了学术交流和沟通,作者提出将Pluripotent Stem Cell称为“万能干细胞”,而保留Multipotent Stem Cell为“多能干细胞”的定义。以上结论供广大同仁探讨,以利于抛砖引玉。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

Genetic aspects of the immunomodulationg action of interferon

Laboratory of Antiviral Immunity, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. D. Solov'ev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimentl'noioi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 105, No. 4, pp. 459–461, April, 1988.     

Identification of a CD8α Dendritic Cell Subpopulation in Rat Spleen and Evaluation of Its OX-62 Expression

Rat spleen DC and bone marrow-derived DC were isolated and characterized by morphology and flow cytometry. We found a CD8α⁺ DC subpopulation representing 19–48% (27.4 ± 12.0) of total spleen DC. The OX-62 expression on total spleen DC was 41–59% (51.8 ± 7.5). Myeloid bone marrow-derived DC were negative for CD8α and OX-62. We demonstrated the coexpression of CD8α and OX-62 molecules, at least in a portion CD8α⁺ spleen DC. Both CD8α⁺ and CD8α⁻ spleen DC subpopulations separated by MACS were able to induce an in vivo primary immune response to OVA. The immune response induced by the CD8α⁻ DC subpopulation was higher (P < 0.05). We identified a CD8α⁺ DC subpopulation in rat spleen less effective in inducing an immune response than CD8α⁻ DC. Moreover, our results suggest the presence of DC subpopulations with different lineages in DC preparations based on OX-62 expression.     

Accessory phenotype and function of macrophages induced by cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Mature macrophages (Mph) differentiated in culture from normal human peripheral blood monocytes (Mo) exhibit low activity as accessory cells (antigen-presenting cells) in T lymphocyte stimulation. A test system was established based on mitogenicity to quantitate the accessory activity of Mph-derived cells and to follow its changes for several days. The system used accessory cells treated with the oxidative mitogen, sodium periodate. The cells were subsequently co-cultured with pooled human lymphocytes from a cryopreserved stock. DNA synthesis in these cells was used as an indicator of accessory activity. Mph could be converted within 5-6 days into highly active accessory cells if a continuous stimulus of exogenously added dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) was provided. Mph treated by db-cAMP retained a high degree of HLA-DR expression but typical Mph markers such as non-specific esterase, phagocytosis, and expression of Fc-receptors were down-regulated. Acid phosphatase and myeloperoxidase underwent only slight changes, while the monocyte marker 5'-nucleotidase remained undetectable. Morphologically, the cells rounded up and developed veils and dendritiform elongations. In contrast to dendritic cells, Mph-derived accessory cells retained the CD14 antigen characteristic of monocytes and Mph. It is concluded that Mph are able to respond to exogenous stimuli and to convert into a highly active accessory cell. This contrasts to the well-known state of the 'activated Mph' with respect to markers and function. Both states appear to be antagonistically controlled by intracellular second messengers, as the accessory cell phenotype is positively correlated with intracellular cyclic AMP increase, whereas Mph activation correlates with cyclic GMP increase.     

Human Osteogenic Sarcoma: Fine Structure of the Osteoblastic Type

The fine structure of representative regions of 13 osteoblastic osteogenic sarcomas was studied. These regions contained four morphologically distinguishable subtypes of osteoblastlike cells. In addition, fibroblastlike and chondroblastlike cells were present, along with multinucleated giant cells, leukocytes, macrophagelike cells, and small populations of histogenetically unclassifiable (but probably neoplastic) cells.

The morphologic evidence was compatible with the view that the variations in appearance among the subgroups of osteobl astlike cells reflected differences in maturation and differentiation of these cells. In at least one subgroup, the morphologic findings suggested that the ceils were capable of manufacturing a secretory product. The multinucleated giant cells occurring in genuine tumor areas appeared to be closely related to neoplastic osteoblasts.

The presence of chondroblastlike cells in the tissues illustrates that cells with a diverging differentiation can occur in an osteoblast-dominated cell population. This agrees with the view that the neoplastic cells originate from a mesenchymal stem cell with potential for multifaceted differentiation.     

Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin: In vitro modulation of key immunogenic markers of both canine tumors and relevant immune competent cells

Recombinant calreticulin from Trypanosoma cruzi (rTcCalr), the parasite responsible for Chagas’ disease, binds to Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) cells from primary cultures and to a canine mammary carcinoma cell line. A Complement-binding assay indicated that interaction of the first component C1q with these tumor cells operated independently of the rTcCalr-presence. This apparent independence could be explained by the important structural similarities that exist among rTcCarl, endogenous normal canine and/or mutated calreticulins present in several types of cancer. In phagocytosis assays, tumor cells treated with rTcCalr were readily engulfed by macrophages and, co-cultured with DCs, accelerated their maturation. In addition, DCs maturation, induced by tumor cells co-cultured with rTcCalr, activated T cells more efficiently than DCs, treated or not with LPS. In an apparent paradox, a decrease in MHC Class I expression was observed when these tumor cells were co-cultivated with rTcCalr. This decrease may be related to a down regulation signaling promoting the rescue of MHC I. Possibly, these in vitro assays may be valid correlates of in vivo sceneries. Based on these results, we propose that rTcCalr improves in vitro the immunogenicity of two widely different tumor cell lines, thus suggesting that the interesting properties of rTcCalr to boost immune responses warrant future studies.     

雪峰虫草对DC-CIK增殖及HepG-2细胞杀伤作用的实验研究

目的:研究雪峰虫草对DC-CIK细胞增殖及肝癌Hep G-2细胞杀伤作用。方法:常规分离健康人外周血单个核细胞并诱导生成DC细胞和CIK细胞,将DC细胞与CIK细胞按1∶5共培养7 d后给药组加入不同浓度的雪峰虫草水提取物,第10天观察形态并计数各组DC-CIK细胞;收集培养第10天的DC-CIK细胞作为效应细胞,对数生长期Hep G-2肝癌细胞作为靶细胞,使Hep G-2∶DC-CIK靶效比为1∶5,cck-8法检测DC-CIK对Hep G-2的杀伤率。结果:雪峰虫草水提物组对DC-CIK有显著的促增长作用,其作用的最佳浓度为0.1 mg/ml。雪峰虫草诱导的DC-CIK细胞对肝癌Hep G-2细胞的杀伤作用优于常规方法培养的DC-CIK细胞;常规方法培养的DC-CIK细胞加雪峰虫草与常规方法培养的DC-CIK细胞对肝癌Hep G-2细胞的杀伤作用无显著性差异,雪峰虫草体外直接杀伤肝癌Hep G-2细胞的作用不明显。结论:雪峰虫草通过促进DC-CIK细胞增殖而增强其杀伤肝癌Hep G-2细胞的作用。