重症监护病房160株革兰阴性杆菌耐药性监测

目的: 监测重症监护治疗病房患者中分离的革兰阴性杆菌耐药状况,探讨对耐药菌感染的治疗策略。方法: 用E试验测定160株革兰阴性杆菌对10种抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度。结果: 亚胺培南对所有受试菌仍保持最高抗菌活性,细菌的耐药率为11.3%。产超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌41株,抗菌活性最强的是亚胺培南、头孢吡肟和舒巴坦-头孢哌酮,敏感率分别为88.7%、81.2%和79.4%。结论: 亚胺培南可作为ESBLs产生菌所致重症感染的首选药物,而头孢吡肟和β内酰胺酶抑制剂与β内酰胺酶类抗生素的复合剂可用来治疗产ESBLs菌株感染的选用药物之一。     

2010年细菌耐药性监测

目的：分析2010年新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院临床分离菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性。方法：采用全自动微生物分析仪VITEK32、2Compact进行细菌鉴定,药敏试验采用VITEK-GNS药敏试验卡及Kirby-Bauer法。结果：2010年共检出3840株细菌,革兰阳性菌829株,革兰阴性杆菌3011株,其中肠杆菌科细菌1755株。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌中产ESBLs株分别为62．2％、53-2％,2种菌产ESBLs株对测试的抗菌药物的耐药率均高于非产ESBLs株。检出对美罗培南、亚胺培南耐药的产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌,检出对美罗培南耐药的大肠埃希菌。不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌981株,药敏结果表明头孢哌酮／舒巴坦对鲍曼不动杆菌有较强的抗菌活性。铜绿假单胞菌耐药率最低的是阿米卡星12％、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦10．3％。结论：2010年我院细菌耐药性监测表明,临床分离菌对所测抗菌药物均具有不同程度的耐药,医院应加强对药品的管理和监控。定期进行细菌耐药性监测,对指导临床用药有重要意义。     

革兰阴性杆菌感染呼吸机相关性肺炎80例患者病原菌学及药敏试验结果分析

目的 探究革兰阴性杆菌感染呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）患者病原菌分布情况及耐药性。方法选取2020年8月至2021年8月河南省镇平县人民医院80例革兰阴性杆菌感染VAP患者作为研究对象,均采集下呼吸道分泌物行病原学检测,检测主要革兰阴性杆菌耐药性,统计试验结果及抗菌药物不合理应用情况。结果 本研究80例革兰阴性杆菌感染VAP患者下呼吸道分泌物病原学检测共检出135株革兰阴性杆菌,占比最高的前3种革兰阴性杆菌依次为肺炎克雷伯菌（31%）、铜绿假单胞菌（20%）、大肠埃希菌（16%）;肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南的耐药率较低,对氨苄西林的耐药率较高;铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林舒巴坦、头孢呋辛钠、亚胺培南的耐药率较低,对氯霉素、氨苄西林有较高耐药性;大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南的耐药率较低,对头孢哌酮舒巴坦、氨苄西林的耐药率较高;根据试验结果选择抗生素治疗,抗菌药物不合理应用率（0）明显低于经验性抗感染治疗的抗菌药物不合理应用率（8%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 革兰阴性杆菌感染VAP患者主要致病菌为肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌,经验用药可选择亚胺培南,但仍需行...     

3109株革兰阴性杆菌医院感染分布特征与耐药性分析

目的:了解天津市红桥医院2012~2013年革兰阴性杆菌感染临床分布特征与耐药性,指导临床医师合理使用抗菌药物。方法:回顾性分析2012~2013年临床分离的革兰阴性杆菌,采用本院Lis系统软件中的统计报表功能对菌株分布和药敏结果进行统计分析。结果:两年间共分离出3 109株阴性杆菌,其中肠杆菌科2 231株,占71.8%,非发酵878株,占28.2%。前5位依次为肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌,分别占37.5%、19.1%、12.9%、10.1%、9.1%。肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌产ESBLs率分别为13.1%、31.3%,主要来源于呼吸内科;MDR-PA与MDR-AB检出率分别为40.8%、19.4%,主要来自ICU。肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南耐药率为0,对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率均<3.0%。治疗产ESBLs菌株引起的严重感染,可首选亚胺培南或头孢哌酮/舒巴坦。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦保持较高的敏感性,耐药率分别为1.5%、4.5%、1.8%,可联合使用酶抑制剂与氨基糖苷类或喹诺酮类药物,来治疗由该菌引起的感染。而鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、米诺环素、亚胺培南、美洛培南的耐药率分别为2.9%、6.1%、8.3%、14.0%。结论:肺炎克雷伯菌为我院感染革兰阴性菌首位,呼吸内科与ICU是多重耐药菌株的主要来源科室,应重点加强该科室的细菌耐药监测。及时、准确分析细菌耐药性,对指导临床医师合理使用抗菌药物,尤为重要。     

肺部感染的主要的革兰阴性杆菌的耐药性分析

目的：调查我院肺部感染病人的革兰阴性杆菌耐药状况,为临床治疗和合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法：从肺部感染病人的痰标本分离的革兰阴性杆菌采用法国生物梅里ATBEXEPRESSION系统进行细菌鉴定及药敏试验。结果：肺部感染病人中共分离到1089株革兰阴性杆菌,前七位分别是：铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌株、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌共968株,脑膜脓毒性黄杆菌20株,其他革兰阴性杆菌101株。药敏结果显示：亚胺培南对铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌耐药率较低分别为：22．9％、1．7％,阿米卡星、头孢他啶对铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率分别为：35％、44．5％;亚胺培南对肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌抗菌活性最强,耐药率为0％;亚胺培南对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、脑膜脓毒性黄杆菌天然耐药,复方新诺明对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、脑膜脓毒性黄杆菌最敏感,耐药率分剐为：10．3％、15％;肺炎克雷伯菌、犬肠埃希菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）分离率分别为60％、62．8％。结论：我院肺部感染病人痰标本分离的革兰阴性杆菌呈多重耐药,除嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、脑膜脓毒性黄杆菌对亚胺培南天然耐药外,亚胺培南的抗菌活性最强,其他抗生素的耐药性高。临床应根据细菌药敏结果选择敏感药物进行治疗,以防止细菌耐药情况继续恶化。     

下呼吸道感染患者革兰阴性杆菌耐药性分析

目的：分析我院下呼吸道感染患者的革兰阴性杆菌耐药情况;探讨对耐药菌感染的治疗方案。方法：用K-B法测定118株革兰阴性杆菌对14种抗菌药物的耐药率。结果：最常见的革兰阴性杆菌为铜绿假单胞菌,肺炎克雷伯菌,鲍氏不动杆菌,大肠埃希菌等;它们对14种抗菌药物有程度不同的耐药,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株的耐药性明显增高。结论：革兰阴性杆菌是下呼吸道感染的主要致病菌,监测革兰阴性杆菌耐药性对于临床合理使用抗菌药物十分重要;亚胺培南β-内酰胺类抗菌药物与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合制剂可作为ESBLs菌感染的选用药物,亚胺培南可作为首选药物。     

医院革兰阴性杆菌感染的分布及耐药性分析

目的: 探讨医院革兰阴性杆菌感染的分布及常用抗生素耐药情况。方法: 运用纸片扩散法(K-B法)检测1 448株革兰阴性杆菌对12种抗生素的敏感性。结果: 医院感染前5位的阴性杆菌分别是大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌。敏感的抗生素分别是亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶。结论: 为了控制感染和减少细菌耐药,需合理使用抗生素。     

革兰阴性杆菌对亚胺培南耐药率的变迁

目的调查革兰阴性杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率变迁。方法收集2007年1月-2009年12月从蚌医附院患者各种临床标本中分离的革兰阴性杆菌,使用VITEK-32全自动微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验,对结果进行回顾性分析。结果共分离出革兰阴性杆菌2256株,42个细菌种,肠杆菌科细菌1258株,占55.76%,非发酵菌751株,占33.29%,分离率前5位的病原菌分别是大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和阴沟肠杆菌。肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南的耐药率较低,除聚团肠杆菌外,其他肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南的耐药率均〈10．00％,肺炎克雷伯菌6．94％和大肠埃希菌4．83％。嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、洛菲不动杆菌和荧光假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为100．00％、66．84％、35．29％、28．00％和25．00％。结论临床分离的革兰阴性杆菌以大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主,亚胺培南对肠杆菌科细菌具有非常强的体外抗菌活性,对非发酵菌的体外抗菌活性较差,铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药率呈上升趋势。     

头孢哌酮/舒巴坦对革兰氏阴性杆菌的抗菌活性

目的评价头胞哌酮/舒巴坦对革兰阴性杆菌的体外抗菌活性。方法用生物梅里埃API鉴定系统和ATB药敏条,测定1493株革兰阴性杆菌对11种抗菌药的敏感性,按NCCLS 2009年标准执行。结果 1493株革兰氏阴性杆菌药敏分析中,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦对肠杆菌的抗菌作用仅次于亚胺培南、美洛培南,对铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌及其他假单胞菌具有良好的抗菌作用,高于亚胺培南、美洛培南。结论在耐药菌株日益增多的现况下,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦对革兰氏阴性杆菌的抗菌活性与其他头孢类及哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、氨基糖苷类、奎诺酮类相比有较强的优势,仅次于亚胺培南、美洛培南。     

革兰阴性杆菌感染的分布及耐药性分析

目的:探讨医院革兰阴性杆菌感染的分布及常用抗生素耐药情况。方法:运用纸片扩散法(K-B法)检测1448株革兰阴性杆菌对12种抗生素的敏感性。结果:医院感染前5位的阴性杆菌分别是大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌。敏感的抗生素分别是亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶。结论:根据医院革兰阴性杆菌感染的细菌种类和耐药情况,为临床治疗感染合理使用抗生素提供依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.