输尿管肾镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石

目的探讨经输尿管肾镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的有效性及安全性。方法分析2005年1月至2006年12月收治的经输尿管肾镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石206例的临床资料。其中181例伴有患侧轻至中度肾盂积水,IVP患肾不显影19例,28例同时合并结石远端输尿管狭窄,57例合并有息肉或肉芽组织包裹,26例为体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗失败。结果206例中195例单次手术碎石成功,单次手术结石粉碎率达94.7%(195/206)。平均手术时间25min,术中无输尿管穿孔等并发症发生,平均住院日5.5d。10例结石在钬激光碎石过程中移位于肾盏或结石残留,术后再行ESWL治愈;1例双侧输尿管结石,因输尿管狭窄无法入镜,中转开放手术。结论输尿管肾镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石有效、安全,可作为输尿管结石特别是中下段结石首选的治疗方法。     

NTrap结石拦截网在输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗输尿管上段结石中的应用

目的探讨NTrap结石拦截网在输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗输尿管上段结石中的应用价值。方法 2009年3月～2011年5月输尿管镜下NTrap结石拦截网配合钬激光碎石系统治疗输尿管上段结石45例,对碎石成功率、手术时间、输尿管穿孔、术中出血量和肾积水情况进行分析。结果输尿管上段结石均被拦截网固定后碎石,一次性碎石成功率95.6%(43/45),2例结石上移入肾脏术后结合体外冲击波碎石治愈。术中无输尿管穿孔。手术时间(45±13)min;术中出血量(8.7±1.5)ml。术后1个月B超检查均无结石残留,肾盂积水由术前(3.4±0.8)cm降至(1.2±0.3)cm。45例随访1～12个月,平均6.5月,均无结石复发。结论 NTrap结石拦截网可有效防止输尿管镜下钬激光碎石过程中结石移位,与钬激光碎石系统联合应用治疗输尿管上段结石具有结石清除率高、安全性好、创伤小等特点。     

NTrap网篮在输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石中的应用研究

目的：对比单独使用钬激光与配合钬激光使用NTrap网篮在输尿管镜碎石术治疗上段输尿管结石中的临床疗效。方法：诊断患有输尿管上段结石的患者共106例115侧,住院期间均采用输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术进行治疗。其中对照组70侧,观察组45侧,对照组在术中单独使用钬激光碎石,观察组在术中同时胃己合钬激光使用NTrap网篮。比较对照组和观察组术中结石上移率、手术成功率,术后1个月结石排净率及术中术后并发症的发生情况。结果：术中对照组和观察组结石上移率分别为24．29％（17／70）和6．67％（3／45）,碎石成功率分别为80．00％（56／70）和95．56％（43／45）,手术成功的两组术后1个月结石排净率分别为82．14％（46／56）和95．35％（41／43）,两组术中结石上移率、手术成功率和术后结石排净率相比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照组术中发生输尿管穿孔2侧,观察组发生输尿管穿孔1侧。术后对照组有2例患者出现严重血尿,观察组1例出现严重血尿。对照组与观察组术后各有4例患者出现发热。两组术中术后相关并发症的发生率相比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在输尿管镜碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石时,使用NTrap网篮配合钬激光碎石可以显著降低结石的上移率,提高手术成功率和术后1个月结石排净率,是一种安全、有效的方法。     

输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石1015例疗效分析

目的总结输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗1015例输尿管结石的临床体会。方法 2004年11月~2013年12月采用输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管结石1015例,680例输尿管中下段结石仅用输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石,在335例输尿管上段结石中,对前期186例碎石中漂入肾盂内结石或6 mm碎石同期用输尿管软镜碎石或分期ESWL,后期146例应用NTrap网蓝预防输尿管上段结石漂入肾盂,当有结石或6 mm碎石漂入肾盂时同期用输尿管软镜或分期ESWL碎石。结果输尿管中下段结石碎石成功率97.5%(663/680)。输尿管上段结石单纯输尿管镜钬激光碎石成功率60.2%(112/186);对漂入肾盂结石或碎石同期应用输尿管软镜碎石,碎石成功率88.2%(164/186);输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石前辅以NTrap网篮成功碎石率89.9%(134/149)。进镜失败6例,输尿管穿孔3例,假道7例,输尿管撕脱1例,尿脓毒血症2例,肾周血肿1例。756例(输尿管上段结石255例,下段结石501例)随访6~12个月,临床症状均消失,B超复查190例,肾盂、肾盏扩张消失176例,明显好转14例,无结石复发,其中24例漂入肾盂≤6 mm碎石,经药物治疗排出碎石5例,19例无变化。结论输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管中下段结石安全、有效,对输尿管上段结石辅以NTrap网篮或输尿管软镜有助于提高成功碎石率。     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石配合套石篮治疗上段输尿管结石

目的 探讨输尿管镜下钬激光碎石配合套石篮治疗上段输尿管结石的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析输尿管镜下钬激光碎石配合套石篮治疗306例上段输尿管结石患者的临床资料.结果 306 例患者中278 例一次碎石成功,单次碎石成功率为90.8%.手术时间为15～95 min,平均（35±10）min.术后住院时间为1～5 d,平均（3.5＋1.0）d.结石滑落回肾盂或肾盏内8例,比率为2.6%（8/306）,术后1~2周行经尿道输尿管软镜治疗,6例碎石成功.因结石远端输尿管狭窄上镜困难20例,改用微创经皮肾镜（MPCNL）治疗13例,成功11例.因结石残留行体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）治疗9例.术中均无穿孔和黏膜剥脱等并发症发生.结论 输尿管镜下钬激光碎石是治疗上段输尿管结石安全有效的方法,术中配合使用套石蓝,可以有效地避免结石上移并显著提高单次碎石成功率.     

可拆卸组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石

目的探讨可拆卸组合式输尿管软镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石的临床价值。方法 2012年10月至2015年3月,我院采用可拆卸组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石203例,其中127例结石位于上盏、中盏或肾盂内,29例位于下盏,36例位于输尿管上段,11例肾盏憩室内结石。统计分析进镜成功率、结石寻及率,碎石成功率、并发症发生率等临床指标。结果本组195例患者成功置放输尿管鞘,8例输尿管上段结石改经皮肾镜,进镜成功率96.06%(195/203),术中寻找结石成功率96.06%(195/203)。一期手术成功率90.77%(177/195),3例出现输尿管下段狭窄。结论输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术微创安全,治疗上尿路结石有效,并发症少。     

输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石

目的：探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石的疗效。方法：采用输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石78例，结石大小0．8～1．8cm，平均1.1cm。经留置输尿管扩张鞘或沿导丝直接置入F7,9输尿管软镜抵达肾盂，寻及结石后以200μm光纤、10 W功率钬激光碎石。结果：78例共有结石81枚．其中上、中盏结石53枚，结石寻及率100％，单次碎石成功率96．2％(51/53)；下盏结石28枚，结石寻及率96．4％(27/78)，单次碎石成功率71．4％(20／28)。无严重并发症发生。结论：输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石安全、有效．尤其适用于结石体积较小、肾盏无明显积水，以及因解剖特点预期体外冲击波碎石效果不佳的患者。通过软镜能寻及绝大多数肾盏结石，中、上盏结石单次碎石成功率高于下盏结石，与置入钬激光光纤后镜体末端有效弯曲程度减小有关。     

钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管结石87例报告

目的：探讨复杂性输尿管结石经钬激光腔内治疗的有效性及安全性。方法：回顾性分析2003年12月-2004年12月收治的经输尿管镜钬激光治疗复杂性输尿管结石87例患者的临床资料。87例均伴有患侧轻～中度肾孟积水,其中46例合并结石远端输尿管狭窄,69例合并息肉或肉芽组织包裹,21例为ESWL治疗失败后。结果：87例中,83例单次手术碎石成功,单次手术结石粉碎率达95．4％（83／87）,2例结石在钬激光碎石过程中移位于肾盏,术后再行ESWL治疗;1例进镜时输尿管穿孔,1例术中退镜时输尿管黏膜撕脱改为开放手术。结论：输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管结石安全、有效,尤其适用于ESWL治疗效果不佳的患者。     

急诊输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管下段结石急性肾绞痛

目的:探讨急诊输尿管镜钬激光治疗因输尿管下段结石导致急性肾绞痛的效果。方法:报告130例应用输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗因输尿管下段结石导致的急性肾绞痛患者的临床资料。结果:3例进镜失败,1例因输尿管下段狭窄输尿管镜无法到达结石部位手术失败,余126例均碎石成功,并于术后当天有效缓解肾绞痛。肾绞痛缓解率97%,碎石成功率97%,4周后结石排净率96%。结论:急诊行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术对治疗因输尿管下段结石导致的急性肾绞痛是一种安全、高效的方法,并可有效排石,可作为本病的首选治疗。     

输尿管管路封堵器在输尿管镜钬激光碎石术中的价值探讨

目的：探讨应用输尿管管路封堵器配合输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石的安全性及有效性。方法：回顾性分析2011年5月-2011年9月应用输尿管管路封堵器配合输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗28例输尿管上段结石患者的临床资料：结石位于第2腰椎水平7例,第3腰椎水平9例,第4腰椎水平12例,结石大小为（0．8cm×1．0cm）-（1．3cm×1．7cm）,平均1．0cm×1．2cm。合并孤立肾5例．脊柱侧弯1例,糖尿病3例,肾功能不全11例。结果：术中出现4例部分结石移位至肾盏,均未出现输尿管穿孔或输尿管黏膜撕脱。术后2例出现高热,经抗感染对症治疗好转。术后1个月复查KUB平片．仅2例结石残留于肾下盏,结石取净率为92．8％。结论：输尿管管路封堵器是一种安全、有效的工具,能显著减少输尿管镜碎石术中结石移位,提高结石清除率,缩短手术时间,并可将结石碎片拖出输尿管腔道,以减少术后排石引起的疼痛。     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术后并发输尿管狭窄回顾性分析

目的:探讨输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术后输尿管狭窄的原因及其预防和处理。方法:回顾性分析我院2009年1月~2012年12月期间对635例输尿管结石患者行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术的临床资料,总结输尿管镜碎石术后发生输尿管狭窄的特点及处理方法。结果:术后出现输尿管狭窄26例(4.09%);其中输尿管完全闭锁11例(1.73%)。结论:钬激光碎石对输尿管有损伤作用,可导致输尿管狭窄,尤其对嵌顿性结石要注意操作技巧和术后正确的预防及随访。     

经输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石的临床分析(附350例报告)

目的 探讨经输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石的临床效果. 方法 选取2009年5月～ 2011年6月收治的350例输尿管结石患者,均行经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术. 结果 350例输尿管结石患者中321例一次碎石成功,治疗成功率为91.7％(321/350).手术时间平均48.6(20 ～ 115 )min;术后住院时间平均5.2(4 ～7)d.术中结石移位18例,其中16例留置双J管后1～4周内再行补救性体外冲击波碎石术,另2例换经输尿管软镜钬激光肾内碎石.D-J管常规留置时间为3～4周.因输尿管迂曲、狭窄不能进镜达结石部位11例,均中转开放手术取石.术中发生输尿管粘膜下损伤6例,输尿管穿孔4例.术后当天出现畏寒、发热,体温＞38.5C者19例,给予静脉抗感染和对症治疗后均恢复正常.术后结石残留造成再次输尿管梗阻6例,经再次输尿管镜碎石术后好转.术后3个月339例获随诊,结石均获清除,结石清除率达96.9％(339/350). 结论 经输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石具有安全、高效、创伤小、并发症少、成功率高、住院时间短等优点,是目前输尿管结石的最理想治疗方法.     

输尿管镜钬激光治疗小儿尿路结石19例报告

目的：探讨输尿管镜钬激光治疗小儿尿路结石的效果及并发症。方法：对19例小儿尿路结石（输尿管结石16例,膀胱结石3例）患者进行输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗。结果：18例患儿均成功碎石并排出结石,1例将结石推入肾盂行ESWL术。19例患儿均无输尿管损伤和穿孔。结论：在明确掌握适应证和操作熟练的情况下,输尿管镜钬激光碎石是治疗小儿尿路结石的理想方法。     

Treatment of Ureteral Stones Using Holmium:YAG laser

Introduction: There has been a steady increase in the number of ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy. In addition to its soft tissue applications Holmium:YAG laser has also been found an excellent intracorporeal lithotripter for all kinds of stones. We here present the results of patients treated with Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy in our clinic. Methods: Between June 1997 and December 2002, 205 patients with a diagnosis of ureteric calculi were treated with ureteroscopy using Holmium:YAG laser as an intracorporeal lithotriptor. The stones were localized in the distal ureter in 158 patients (77), middle and proximal ureter in 47 patients (23). Stones ranged in size from 5 × 5 mm to 20 × 10 mm and the operation time was about 35 minutes (ranged 25–65 minutes). Follow-up evaluations have done at first and third months. Results: The ureteral stone could not be reached in 10 patients (4.8). Stone fragmentation or removal was accomplished in all other patients. Four patients (1.9) had proximal migration of the fragments and later treated with extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and three patients (1.5) had ureteral perforation. They were managed by double J stent placement. Two of the patients had ureteral obstruction on the third month of procedure. One of the patients was treated with open surgery. For the other one, ureteroscopic balloon dilatation was performed and catheterized by double J stent and there wasn’t any complication after the removal of stent. Conclusions: Ureteroscopic Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is a safe, technically feasible and efficacious treatment for ureteral stones.     

Comparison of pneumatic and Holmium laser ureteroscopic lithotripsy for upper third ureteral stones

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of ureteroscopic lithotripsy with pneumatic lithotripter and Holium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Ho:YAG) laser in the management of upper third ureteral stones.Materials and methodsPatients who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy with pneumatic lithotripter or Ho:YAG laser for upper third ureteral stones were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with urinary tract infection, radiolucent stones, loss of follow-up, concurrent middle or lower third ureteral stones or acute renal failure were excluded. Patient age, stone size and burden (based on KUB or computerized tomography), stone upward migration, double J stent insertion rate, stone free rate and secondary intervention rate for residual stones were compared in both groups.ResultsThere were 158 patients with 178 upper third ureteral stones (135 in pneumatic lithotripsy group and 43 in Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy group) meeting the study criteria. Patients' age, gender, stone laterality, stone size and burden were similar in both groups. The Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy group had better stone free rate, less double J stent insertion rate and less secondary intervention rate as compared with pneumatic lithotripsy (53.4% vs. 40.1%; 72.1% vs. 91.9%; 25% vs. 48.5% respectively, all p < 0.05). In patients with stones larger than 10 mm, Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy had significantly lower upward migration rate, lower double J stent insertion rate, higher stone free rate and less secondary intervention rate.ConclusionsHo:YAG laser lithotripsy is superior to pneumatic lithotripsy in the management of upper third ureteral stones in terms of double J stent insertion rate, stone free rate and secondary intervention rate for stones of all sizes. For stones larger than 10 mm, laser lithotripsy results in less stone upward migration.     

Is the holmium:YAG laser the best intracorporeal lithotripter for the ureter? A 3-year retrospective study

PURPOSE: To study the efficiency and safety of holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for ureteral stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of 188 patients with 208 ureteral stones were treated with semirigid ureteroscopy and holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy from January 2003 to December 2005. Of the stones, 116 were lower ureteral, 37 middle ureteral, and 55 upper ureteral. RESULTS: The success rate was 92.7% at the time of ureteroscopy and 96.7% at 3 months. The failures were secondary to retropulsion of the stones (3.3%). There were no perforations and one stricture. Stenting was done in 90% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The Holmium:YAG laser is an ideal intracorporeal lithotripter for ureteral calculi, with a high success rate and low morbidity.     

输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石

目的 总结输尿管软镜结合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效及并发症,探讨手术技巧.方法 38 例输尿管上段结石患者接受输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗,先使用8/9.8 F 输尿管硬镜探查患侧输尿管,置入导丝后留置输尿管软镜鞘,引入输尿管软镜,钬激光碎石,并使用套石篮套取出较大的结石碎屑.结果 35 例患者一期顺利碎石,3 例因输尿管狭窄难以置入输尿管软镜鞘,留置输尿管内支架2 周后再次手术成功.手术时间31~56 min,平均42 min.术后7 例患者发热,无其他严重并发症.术后1 个月拔除内支架,2 周后复查KUB,结石清除率92.1%.结论 输尿管软镜结合钬激光是处理输尿管上段结石的有效手段,即便输尿管结石进入肾内,也可一期处理,避免了额外的体外碎石操作.     

上段输尿管结石的现代微创手术治疗

目的评价各种微创手术方法治疗上段输尿管结石的价值。方法对我院收治的78例上段输尿管结石患者的治疗方法进行回顾性分析。其中经输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石24例,输尿管镜钬激光碎石16例,微创经皮肾输尿管镜取石(mPCNL)27例,后腹腔镜取石3例,开放手术8例。结果输尿管镜气压弹道碎石18例碎石成功,4例因较大残石行ESWL,1例因黏膜出血视野模糊终止手术,1例输尿管部分断裂改开放手术;钬激光组16例均碎石成功;逆行输尿管镜共有2例输尿管穿孔,均成功放置D-J管,2例因输尿管过度迂曲成“盲端”,3例因结石以下输尿管僵硬狭窄无法进镜改开放手术;mPCNL组27例全部取石成功,无严重并发症;后腹腔镜组3例均取石成功,无漏尿发生。结论输尿管镜下碎石是治疗上段输尿管结石的有效手段,钬激光碎石优于气压弹道碎石,可明显提高碎石效率;mPCNL是一种安全、非常有效的治疗方法,对于结石较大、较硬以及靠近肾盂的结石尤为适宜;经腹腔镜取石与上述方法相比,耗时长、创伤大,但对曾行微创取石失败的患者是一个理想的选择。