尿道板卷管尿道成形术治疗小儿尿道下裂

目的探索一种新的尿道下裂的手术方法。方法212例4月龄～9岁尿道下裂男性患儿,其中阴茎头冠状沟型8例、阴茎体型181例、阴茎阴囊型23例,采用单纯尿道板卷管尿道成形术(Snodgrass术)治疗。结果随访2～34个月,188例尿道下裂患者术后阴茎完全伸直,尿道开口于龟头正位,排尿通畅,尿线粗,无尿道憩室,阴茎外观满意;22例有尿瘘,其中16例2次手术修补后成功,6例待手术;2例成形尿道全长裂开,1年后再次行Snodgrass手术治愈。结论尿道板卷管尿道成形术是一种方法简便、术后并发症少、手术效果确切、术后外形美观的新型尿道下裂矫形术,尤其适合不伴有严重阴茎下弯的尿道下裂患者。     

Snodgrass术联合去表皮组织瓣覆盖技术在小儿尿道下裂手术中的应用

目的：报道联合应用Snodgrass术与去表皮组织瓣覆盖技术治疗小儿先天性尿道下裂的效果。方法：回顾性分析2003年6月～2005年3月收治的68例9个月～11岁先天性尿道下裂患儿资料，其中远端型（包括阴茎头、阴茎体型）52例，阴茎阴囊型12例，近端型（阴囊型）4例，采用Snodgrass术及去表皮组织瓣覆盖技术一期尿道成形。观察其术后效果。结果：术后随访6～15个月，4例出现尿瘘．2例出现尿道狭窄。尿瘘及尿道狭窄者再次治疗均成功。结论：Snodgrass术是尿道下裂手术治疗的一种安全、有效的术式；同时与去表皮组织瓣覆盖技术联合。降低了术后尿瘘的发生率。提高了手术成功率。     

改良尿道板卷管纵切尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

目的 总结改良尿道板卷管纵切尿道成形术(Snodgrass手术)治疗尿道下裂的体会.方法 对2003年1月至2008年8月应用改良Snodgrass手术治疗的尿道下裂18例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中冠状沟型3例,阴茎体型13例,阴茎阴囊型2例,均有轻、中度阴茎下曲.结果 术后随访6～18个月,15例Ⅰ期成功,2例尿道外口狭窄,行尿道扩张后痊愈;1例尿瘘,予以行Ⅱ期尿瘘修补术痊愈,无尿道其他部位狭窄.结论 改良Snodgrass手术既矫正尿道下裂,又保留了尿道板.具有操作简单、成功率高、并发症少、阴茎外形美观的优点.     

Snodgrass术式联合口腔黏膜修复尿道下裂

目的报道Snodgrass术式联合口腔黏膜修复尿道下裂的方法及经验。方法 2012年8月—2015年4月,采用Snodgrass术式联合口腔黏膜方法修复55例尿道下裂患儿。患儿年龄1~7岁,平均4岁。其中阴茎远端型32例,阴茎近端型14例,冠状沟型9例。术中将口腔黏膜移植于尿道板黏膜纵行切开创面内,将尿道板黏膜卷管形成尿道。结果患儿均获随访,随访时间3~25个月,平均11个月。术后1例发生尿道感染,并发尿瘘和再造尿道狭窄;5例术后并发尿瘘。其余患儿均排尿通畅,未发生重建尿道和尿道外口狭窄,阴茎矫直完全。结论尿道板纵行切开后创面内移植口腔黏膜能够增加重建尿道材料,相对于传统的Snodgrass术式,降低了重建尿道狭窄发生的风险,并改善了术后阴茎形态。     

改良Snodgrass术治疗尿道下裂疗效观察

目的：评价尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术（Snodgrass术）治疗尿道下裂的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月～2008年12月间31例行改良Snodgrass术的尿道下裂患者临床资料：患者年龄2～18岁,平均7．2岁,其中阴茎头型尿道下裂11例,阴茎体型尿道下裂18例,阴囊型尿道下裂2例。结果：一次手术治愈29例（93．55％）;1例（3．22％）发生尿道狭窄,经尿道扩张治愈;1例（3．22％）发生尿瘘．术后6个月再次行改良Snodgrass术治愈。结论：改良Snodgrass术保留了尿道板,操作简单,手术时间短,并发症较少。手术成形效果好,对于首次手术失败后再次尿道成形效果良好,是适用于各型尿道下裂治疗的较好方法。     

口腔黏膜预植尿道板分期治疗残废型尿道下裂

目的探讨应用口腔黏膜预植尿道板分期治疗残废型尿道下裂的效果。方法回顾性分析2019年3月至2023年3月遵义市第一人民医院小儿外科收治的残废型尿道下裂患儿的临床资料。手术方式均采用口腔黏膜预植尿道板分期治疗, 即一期手术行阴茎伸直、口腔黏膜预植尿道板, 二期手术行尿道成形。术后随访观察尿道板存活、尿瘘、尿道裂开、尿道憩室、尿道狭窄、阴茎下弯复发、阴茎外观及排尿情况。结果纳入12例男性患儿, 年龄5岁1个月至14岁, 中位年龄8岁2个月。12例患儿入院前有2～4次尿道下裂手术史, 平均3.2次, 所有病例均伴有中、重度阴茎下弯和包皮缺乏, 其中尿道裂开5例, 多处尿瘘3例, 尿道狭窄4例。所有患儿术后随访6～36个月, 平均25个月。一期术后发生预植尿道板部分感染、失活1例, 经高压氧治疗及局部换药后愈合;二期术后发生尿瘘2例, 经再次尿瘘修补术后治愈;其他患儿无尿道裂开、尿道憩室、尿道狭窄、阴茎下弯复发, 阴茎外观无臃肿, 尿道开口位于阴茎头正位, 呈纵向裂隙状, 排尿通畅、尿线连续。结论口腔黏膜预植尿道板分期治疗残废型尿道下裂效果满意, 是一种安全、可行的有效方法。     

带蒂包皮双面皮瓣治疗小儿尿道下裂

目的 探讨带蒂包皮双面皮瓣尿道成形术(PPDIF)治疗小儿尿道下裂的适用范围和疗效.方法 尿道下裂患儿99例.年龄4个月～12岁,平均5.1岁.按Barcat分型:阴茎体型56例、阴茎阴囊型24例、阴囊型13例、会阴型6例.在Duckett术基础上,保留部分包皮外板皮肤连同成形尿道转移至腹侧,覆盖新生尿道. 结果 99例随访2年.术后发生尿瘘8例(8.1%)、尿道狭窄1例(1.0%)、皮瓣坏死1例(1.0%).手术总成功率89.9%(89/99).其中单纯应用PPDIF修复阴茎体型或阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂成功率91.2%(73/80),联合尿道口周围皮瓣(Duplay)术修复阴囊型或会阴型尿道下裂为84.2%(16/19). 结论 PPDIF适用于大多数小儿尿道下裂的治疗,术后外形美观.重度尿道下裂患儿联合Duplay矫正疗效肯定.     

改良Snodgrass术治疗小儿尿道下裂47例临床分析

目的评价改良Snodgrass手术治疗小儿尿道下裂的效果。方法小儿先天性尿道下裂47例,予改良Snodgrass术行尿道成形。其中阴茎体型40例,阴囊型7例;首次手术失败者8例。结果术后随访6～24个月,一期手术治愈44例(93.6%),余3例发生尿瘘,其中新尿道渗尿1例,予重置导尿管2周后治愈,冠状沟处漏尿2例,6月后行尿瘘修补术治愈。结论改良Snodgrass手术一期治疗小儿尿道下裂疗效确切,操作简单。     

保留尿道板手术修复尿道下裂术后尿瘘

目的 总结保留尿道板手术修复尿道下裂术后尿瘘的l临床经验.方法 尿道下裂术后尿瘘患儿224例.患儿术后时间均>6个月,尿瘘瘘口直径>1.0 cm.应用尿道板切开卷管尿道成形术(Snodgrass)102例,年龄2～16岁,平均3.7岁;Duplay尿道成形手术86例,年龄2～14岁,平均3.5岁;Onlay岛状包皮瓣尿道成形术修复20例;尿道口基底皮瓣法(Flip-Flap)修复16例.结果 224例术后随访均≥6个月.Snodgrass手术102例,成功86例(84.3%),发生尿道狭窄3例,尿瘘复发13例;Duplay手术86例,成功75例(87.2%),发生尿道狭窄2例,尿瘘复发9例.2组手术疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).Onlay手术20例,成功19例,尿瘘复发1例.Flip-Flap手术16例,成功14例,尿瘘复发2例.结论 尿道下裂术后尿瘘修补方法应根据患儿的具体条件选择.Snodgrass尿道成形术成功率与Duplay手术相当,可以更多应用,保证阴茎外观满意.     

阴茎背侧纵形带蒂皮瓣修复小儿尿道下裂38例临床分析

目的 总结阴茎背侧纵形带蒂皮瓣Ⅰ期修复小儿尿道下裂的经验.方法 1998年9月～2008年8月,对38例尿道下裂患儿采用阴茎背侧纵形带蒂皮瓣进行Ⅰ期修复手术,年龄2～12岁,平均（5.2±2.8）岁.其中阴茎型30例,阴茎阴囊型6例,阴囊型2例.结果 38例转移皮瓣全部成活,Ⅰ期治愈32例,治愈率84.2% 出现尿道瘘6例,其中1例为尿道外口狭窄并尿道憩室、吻合口瘘.出现并发症的6例患者中,阴茎型3例（10.00%）,阴茎阴囊型1例（16.67%）.会阴型2例（100.00%）.随访3～6月,阴茎外观满意,尿道开口正位,排尿功能良好.结论 阴茎背侧纵形带蒂皮瓣治疗小儿尿道下裂,手术设计合理,并发症少,术后阴茎外形美观,不臃肿,无扭转,是治疗阴茎型小儿尿道下裂较理想的手术方式.     

应用显微外科技术修复小儿尿道下裂

目的探讨提高尿道下裂治愈率的有效措施。方法利用显微外科技术对本组64例尿道下裂患儿进行一期尿道修复。年龄7个月-14岁，平均5．6岁。阴茎头及冠状沟型16例，阴茎体型36例，阴囊会阴型12例。伴阴茎阴囊转位3例，隐睾4例6侧，鞘膜积液2例，斜疝2例。先期外院矫正下弯但未成形尿道1例，Duckett手术失败2例。据病情不同，分别选用不同的手术方法：阴茎头型用尿道口前移、阴茎头成形法（MAGPI术式）；冠状沟型或距冠状沟较近的阴茎体型用尿道口基底血管皮瓣法（Mathieu术式）；尿道口在阴茎体2／3以外段伴有阴茎轻度下弯或无下弯者用尿道板纵切卷管法或加盖岛状皮板法（Snodgrass术式或Onlay术式）；有严重阴茎下弯的所有阴茎体型选横裁或纵裁包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形（Duckett术式或Hodgson术式）；阴囊型或会阴型用阴囊中缝皮管加横裁包皮岛状皮瓣成形尿道（Duplay联合Duckett术式）。对20例再次手术者或包皮材料不理想、重度尿道下裂者手术结束前行膀胱穿刺造瘘。结果手术治愈57例，治愈率89．1％（57／64）。手术时间90-180min，平均120min。术中出血量〈15ml。并发尿道瘘3例，尿道狭窄4例，无尿道憩室发生。54例获得随访2-36个月，平均19个月，均符合尿道下裂治愈标准。结论应用显微外科技术，合理选用手术方法，重视术中技巧，能明显提高手术成功率，而且手术年龄可提早到婴幼儿。     

尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

目的探讨尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术（Snodgrass手术）治疗尿道下裂的临床效果。方法对采用尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术治疗31例尿道下裂患者进行同颐性分析。,尿道下裂患者31例,年龄1～14岁,其中阴茎头型5例、阴茎体型14例、阴茎阴囊型4例,二期尿道成形术8例。结果本组31例患者,一次性治愈26例,术后出现尿瘘2例,均已修补成功。尿道口狭窄3例,经尿道扩张后治愈.结论尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术可应用于多种类型的尿道下裂治疗。手术操作简便易行,手术成功率高。     

可溶性止血纱布预防尿道下裂血痂下感染效果

目的探讨可溶性止血纱布用于尿道下裂术后包扎预防切口血痂下感染效果。方法选取首次手术且采用Snodgrass术式治疗的尿道下裂患者88例,年龄10月～5岁,平均（2.0±0.4）岁。将患者随机分为对照组与研究组。其中对照组采用常规的凡士林纱布包扎阴茎体,研究组用可溶性止血纱布包裹阴茎体一层后再用凡士林纱布包扎阴茎体。最外层均用自粘弹力绷带打紧。术后7d均拆除阴茎体包扎辅料,术后14d拔除尿管。观察比较2组患者术后切口血痂下感染情况,记录尿道瘘或尿道裂开发生情况。采用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。结果研究组患者术后切口血痂下感染率9.5%（4/42）,低于对照组[26.1%（12/46）（P〈0.05）]。所有发生切口血痂下感染的患者中有75%出现尿瘘或尿道裂开。随访6～12个月,未见发生与应用可溶性止血纱布相关的明显异常反应。结论可溶性止血纱布用于尿道下裂术后包扎可显著降低切口血痂下感染发生率,提高手术成功率。     

尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄在青春期后的处理经验(附71例报告)

目的:探讨尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄在青春期后的处理经验。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院收治的71例青春期后就诊的尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄患者的临床资料。年龄平均27.7(12～65)岁;病程平均33.4(1～240)个月。既往手术次数平均2.5(1～9)次;尿道异位开口32例,其中...     

Snodgrass hypospadias repair with ventral based dartos flap in combination with mucosal collars

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we report our results of Snodgrass hypospadias repair in conjunction with use of ventral based vascularized dartos flaps. In all repairs, mucosal collars were created and incorporated into the repair to create a more normal appearing circumcised penis, as described by Firlit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records of 60 patients with distal or mid-penil hypospadias who underwent standard Snodgrass repair were evaluated. During circumscribing incision mucosal collars were preserved and used to create a normal appearing circumcision line. A ventral based vascular dartos tissue was preserved as a flap and used as a second layer to cover the entire neourethra before glans closure. RESULTS: All repairs were completed in 1 stage. Mean follow-up was 10.5 months (3-37 months). There were 5 (8.3%) cases of fistula and 6 (10%) cases of meatal stenosis. All patients with fistula formation had meatal stenosis. All patients, except for patients with fistula and/or metal stenosis, were voiding a straight stream and have a slit like meatus with cosmetically normal looking circumcised penis. CONCLUSION: Ventral based flaps are easier to harvest and transpose to cover the neourethra. Combining repairs with mucosal collars enhances the cosmetic results and makes the ventral flap harvesting process easier.     

纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣治疗尿道下裂44例报告

目的:总结近4年来应用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的临床经验,并评价其疗效.方法:本组44例患者中,阴茎型尿道下裂34例,阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂10例.均采用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术,平均重建尿道长度2.8 cm.结果:一期手术成功率90.9%(40/44例),尿瘘9.1%(4/44例).所有患者术后1个月复查1次,随访3个月以上,阴茎外观及排尿均良好.结论:纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术对伴有阴茎下曲、尿道板发育不好的阴茎型及阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂患者治疗效果良好,并发症少.     

Re-operative hypospadias repair using the Snodgrass incised plate urethroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively assess the results of tubularized incised plate (Snodgrass) urethroplasty in a series of re-operative hypospadias repairs in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised a follow-up (from 1996 until 2000) of 13 patients (mean age 7.5 years, range 13 months to 27 years) who had at least one previous hypospadias repair and who then underwent a reconstruction using the Snodgrass repair. In all cases the urethroplasty was covered with an additional layer of subcutaneous tissue. The original location, associated complications and results were recorded. In some cases, the long-term follow up was conducted by telephone. RESULTS: Associated complications before the Snodgrass repair included urethral stricture in two, fistula in three and persistent chordee in one patient. The mean (range) follow-up was 22 (9-34) months. The cosmetic results were excellent, with two complications (one patient with a glans dehiscence and a urethrocutaneous fistula, and a second with meatal stenosis). The remaining patients required no further procedures and were voiding normally at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Excellent cosmetic and functional results can be obtained using the Snodgrass incised plate urethroplasty for re-operative hypospadias repair. Only one patient in this series had an initial operation in which the urethral plate was previously incised. Therefore, caution should be used when considering an incised plate urethroplasty in these patients.     

Repair of hypospadias complications using the tubularized, incised plate urethroplasty

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Secondary procedures to correct complications after hypospadias repair remain challenging especially for "hypospadias cripples." The tubularized, incised plate urethroplasty was first introduced by Snodgrass for the repair of primary hypospadias in 1993. The authors used this procedure to correct the complications after hypospadias repair in patients who had no abundant local skin flaps to be used for a neourethra. METHODS: Six patients underwent tubularized, incised plate urethroplasty for the correction of complications of hypospadias repair performed the previous year, including a large urethrocutaneous fistula (n = 1) and disruption of the neourethra (n = 5). Prior surgical procedures included transverse island tube urethroplasty in 4 cases and 2-stage urethroplasty in 2 cases. The average patient age at the time of secondary procedure was 4.6 years (range, 1 to 12 years). RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 6 months (range, 2 months to 1 year). All the patients obtained a functional neourethra with a vertical, slitlike meatus. A small fistula developed in one child and mild meatal retraction in another. CONCLUSIONS: The tubularized, incised plate urethroplasty offers few complications and good cosmetic results. The authors recommend its use for patients who have had repeated surgeries for hypospadias repair, especially those in whom only limited local skin flaps can be utilized for a neourethra.