上海市大学生螨性皮炎的调查及危险因素分析

目的探讨居住环境和卫生习惯等因素对在校大学生螨性皮炎的影响。方法对在校大学生的宿舍类型、卫生习惯、床席使用以及皮炎的症状等作问卷调查；同时收集床席的屑灰，于解剖镜下找活虫，经蒲利氏液胶封片后在显微镜下作形态鉴定。结果大学生螨性皮炎患病率为23．2％，女生(35．5％，38／107)高于男生(9．4％，9／96)。丘疹平均直径为6．4mm，以手臂部位最多见(74．5％)，其次为大腿(40．4％)和腰部(27．7％)。床席中检出4种螨：尘螨(35．5％)、粉螨(27．1％)、革螨(8．9％)、肉食螨(21．7％)。在皮炎患者的床席中，致痒螨检出率高，革螨为25．5％(12／47)、肉食螨55．3％(26／47)、粉螨40．4％(19／47)。经单因素分析，宿舍陈旧和室内有蟑螂为皮炎发生的危险因素，并具有明显的居室聚集性，用热水擦席与螨性皮炎有一定相关性。结论上海市大学生螨性皮炎患病率较高，主要由床席内的致痒螨(革螨、肉食螨、粉螨)所致；旧居室及蟑螂多的环境是其发生的危险因素；螨性皮炎有明显的居室聚集性。     

上海市场新床席螨类污染情况调查

致痒螨可致人体“螨性皮炎”。文献报道,螨性皮炎的发生往往与生活环境中鼠等动物有关[1]。但上海市区内有鼠等动物的环境较少,引起皮炎的致痒螨类多孳生于市民家中的床席内[2]。为进一步了解床席螨污染情况,作者于2003年7月,对大、小商店中待售的床席进行了螨虫调查。1内容与方法1.1调查对象和时间2003年7月下旬,采用随机抽样方法,调查上海市区大、小商店内待售的床席415张,其中小商店213张,大商店(超市、大卖场)202张。1.2调查内容与方法1.2.1填写调查表填写统一调查表,主要内容包括商店规模、环境,喷洒消毒剂及床席的种类等。1.2.2检虫收…     

芜湖市某高校学生宿舍床席螨类和昆虫孳生状况调查

目的 目的 了解芜湖市某高校大学生宿舍储存状态下的床席螨类和昆虫孳生情况, 为加强对学生宿舍螨类及相关 疾病的控制和宣传教育提供理论依据。 方法 方法 2015年3-5月, 采用随机抽样的调查方法, 收集学生宿舍内不同储存位 置、 储存方式的床席屑灰样本, 镜下分离、 制成玻片标本, 并进行螨种鉴定和计数。采用温水浸泡、 暴晒床席和清扫室内 积尘等干预措施, 比较干预前后宿舍床席螨类和昆虫检出情况。 结果 结果 共收集样本428份, 螨类和昆虫检出率为 71.03%。共分离鉴定螨和昆虫11种, 其中粉尘螨检出率最高, 为60.05%; 其次为嗜卷书虱, 检出率为40.89%; 致痒螨类 主要有马六甲肉食螨、 蠊螨和蒲螨等, 其检出率分别为9.81%、 3.74%和1.64%。存放于室内角落、 衣柜内、 床铺最底层、 阳 台角落4种储存位置的床席螨类和昆虫检出率分别为74.75%、 71.26%、 61.17%、 77.78%, 差异无统计学意义 （χ2 = 7.030, P > 0.05）。无包裹、 布袋包裹和塑料袋包裹3种储存方式的床席螨类和昆虫检出率依次为85.58%、 78.13%、 14.29%, 差 异有统计学意义 （χ2 = 164.303, P < 0.05）。采取干预措施后, 螨类和昆虫检出率及螨类平均孳生密度均显著下降, 差异 均有统计学意义（χ2 = 45.615, t = 3.203, P均 < 0.05）。 结论 结论 该高校学生宿舍床席螨类和昆虫检出率高, 以粉尘螨最为 普遍; 采用塑料袋封闭保存、 温水浸泡、 暴晒床席、 清扫房屋积尘等干预措施可抑制床席螨类和昆虫的孳生。     

茅舍血厉螨侵袭人体皮肤1例

本文报道了1例由茅舍血厉螨侵袭人体引起的螨性皮炎病例。形态学鉴定发现,检获的螨虫为茅舍血厉螨后若螨。该螨侵袭人体后导致患者皮肤局部出现丘疹、水疱等不同程度皮炎。对患者使用15%炉甘石洗剂和消炎止痒药治疗皮炎的同时进行居室杀螨,治疗1周后患者痊愈。居室床垫表面检获的茅舍血厉螨可侵袭人体致革螨性皮炎,应重视居室螨虫防治。     

甘肃部分地区家贮小麦寄生螨引发皮炎调查研究

目的 探讨农村家贮小麦与皮炎的关系,了解甘肃省通渭县粉螨分布范围与螨性皮炎发病情况,制定预防和控制该病的措施.方法 按整群分层随机抽样原则,将全县按海拔高度分为3层,每层随机抽取6个调查点,每点随机调查3户村民,现场调查接触小麦后是否发生皮炎,观察小麦贮存现场,并采样送实验室查找螨虫.结果 全县共抽取19个调查点,采样54份,在6个调查点11份标本中检出粉螨,检出率20.37%,粉螨主要分布在本县南部海拔1 700 m以下的川台河谷地带.调查54户村民中,有皮炎发生的16户,其中10户在家贮小麦中检出粉螨,调查点粉螨检出与家庭皮炎发生比较具有显著性差异(χ2=22.09,P<0.001,OR=61.67,95%CI:17.46～41.80).居住海拔在1 700 m以下调查点村民皮炎罹患率68.06%,接触小麦后发生皮炎与小麦中粉螨分布范围趋于一致.结论 粉螨与村民接触小麦后发生皮炎有关.本次调查结果显示在通渭县农村家储小麦中存在大量粉螨寄生,查清了粉螨分布范围,提出了预防及贮粮灭螨的基本措施,为保障全县人民群众健康提供了科学依据.     

空调隔尘网表面粉螨孳生情况的调查

目的　调查空调隔尘网表面粉螨孳生情况。　方法　用直接镜检法分离、鉴定采自学校、饭店、娱乐场所、医院病房空调隔尘网表面积尘样本中的粉螨。　结果　共收集空调隔尘网表面积尘 3 60份 ,其粉螨孳生率为 72 .78% (2 62 /3 60 ) ,孳生密度为 (7.68± 3 .43 7)只 /g ;学校、饭店、娱乐场所、医院病房空调隔尘网表面粉螨的孳生率分别为 44 .5 7%(4 1/92 )、78.5 7% (88/112 )、88.5 7% (62 /70 )、82 .5 6% (71/86) ,差异有显著性 (χ2 =2 79.71,P <0 .0 0 1) ;粉螨孳生密度分别为 (2 .5 9± 0 .63 6)只 /g、(7.5 9± 1.762 )只 /g、(10 .2 2± 3 .3 67)只 /g、(8.5 2± 2 .90 8)只 /g ,差异有显著性 (F =82 .94,P<0 .0 0 1) ;3 60份积尘样本直接镜检获螨 2 0 12只 ,隶属 3科 9属 12种 ,其中麦食螨科占 65 .90 % (13 2 6/2 0 12 ) ,包括粉尘螨、屋尘螨、梅氏嗜霉螨 ;食甜螨科占 12 .82 % (2 5 8/2 0 12 ) ,包括隆头食甜螨、隐秘食甜螨、害嗜鳞螨、膝澳食甜螨 ;粉螨科占 2 1.2 7% (4 2 8/2 0 12 ) ,包括粗脚粉螨、小粗脚粉螨、腐食酪螨、椭圆食粉螨、纳氏皱皮螨。　结论　空调隔尘网表面粉螨孳生情况严重 ,空调使用者应重视对空调器的清洁与净化 ,防止或减少粉螨的孳生。     

人体蠕形螨感染调查及相关因素分析

目的　探讨蠕形螨感染与集体生活、卫生习惯及痤疮、酒渣鼻等面部疾患的关系。　方法　采用透明胶带粘贴过夜和挤粘结合法对 2 13名在校大学生进行蠕形螨检查 ,同时对个人卫生习惯、皮肤类型及面部疾患等相关因素问卷调查。　结果　在校大学生蠕形螨总感染率为 49.3 % ,男性 (5 1.3 % )略高于女性 (4 7.0 % ) ;毛囊蠕形螨面部感染率高于皮脂蠕形螨 ;洗刷用品个人专用可降低蠕形螨感染率 ;油性皮肤或混合性皮肤学生蠕形螨感染率及患酒渣鼻、痤疮等面部疾患的概率均较高。　结论　蠕形螨感染与个人卫生习惯、皮肤类型密切相关 ;蠕形螨感染是痤疮、酒渣鼻等疾患的发病因素之一。     

人体蠕形螨感染调查及相关因素分析

目的探讨蠕形螨感染与集体生活、卫生习惯及痤疮、酒渣鼻等面部疾患的关系。方法采用透明胶带粘贴过夜和挤粘结合法对213名在校大学生进行蠕形螨检查，同时对个人卫生习惯、皮肤类型及面部疾患等相关因素问卷调查。结果在校大学生蠕形螨总感染率为49．3％，男性(51．3％)略高于女性(47．0％)；毛囊蠕形螨面部感染率高于皮脂蠕形螨；洗刷用品个人专用可降低蠕形螨感染率；油性皮肤或混合性皮肤学生蠕形螨感染率及患酒渣鼻、痤疮等面部疾患的概率均较高。结论蠕形螨感染与个人卫生习惯、皮肤类型密切相关；蠕形螨感染是痤疮、酒渣鼻等疾患的发病因素之一。     

合肥某高校学生面部蠕形螨感染情况调查及分析

目的 了解合肥地区某高校大学生蠕形螨感染情况,分析蠕形螨感染与性别、面部分布、各种面部皮肤疾患的关系.方法 2004、2005、2006年采用透明胶带粘贴过夜法分别对二年级( 2003、2004、2005年级)在校大学生蠕形螨感染调查,同时针对卫生习惯和面部皮肤疾患(毛囊炎、眼睑炎、痤疮、脂溢性皮炎和酒渣鼻等)者进行问卷调查.计算蠕形螨感染率、分析其与卫生习惯和面部皮肤疾患的关系.结果 共有1 016名在校大学生受检,蠕形螨阳性人数217人,总感染率为21.36％.男、女生感染率依次为23.28％、19.21％.毛囊蠕形螨、皮脂蠕形螨感染率分别为52.07％、42.86％,两种蠕形螨混合感染5.07％.鼻翼部位检出率88.94％,前额和颊部检出率分别为24.42％和22.58％.卫生习惯不良及有面部皮肤疾患者感染率为47.16％,卫生习惯良好及无面部皮肤疾患者感染率为15.96％.结论 大学生蠕形螨感染比较普遍,蠕形螨感染与面部皮肤疾患存在相关.集体生活可能增加蠕形螨相互感染的机会,与大学生寝室环境卫生和日常卫生习惯有密切关系.     

哈尔滨市在校大学生面部蠕形螨感染调查

人体蠕形螨(human demodex)俗称毛囊虫,为蠕形螨科蠕型螨属,是寄生在人及其他哺乳动物的毛囊和皮脂腺内的一种条件致病性螨类.蠕形螨以皮肤的角质蛋白及细胞代谢产物为食,常侵犯人的颜面部如鼻、前额、颊部等皮脂发达的部位.蠕形螨呈世界性分布,人群普遍易感,国外报道人群感染率为27％～100％,国内报道感染率为0.8％～81％[1].近年来的研究表明,蠕形螨与一般皮肤病如酒渣鼻、痤疮及脂溢性皮炎等有一定关系[2].个人卫生习惯、皮肤类型与蠕形螨感染密切相关[3,4],具有居室聚集性,容易在人群中传播[5].为了了解当地在校大学生蠕形螨感染情况,我们对哈尔滨医科大学在校住宿的大学生进行了抽样调查,结果报告如下.     

Acaroid mite,intestinal and urinary acariasis

AIM: To investigate epidemiology and pathogenic mite species of intestinal and urinary acariasis in individuals with different occupations.METHODS: A total of 1994 individuals were tested in this study. History collection, skin prick test and pathogen identification were conducted. The mites were isolated from stool and urine samples by saturated saline flotation methods and sieving following centrifugation, respectively.RESULTS: Among the 1994 individuals examined, responses to the skin prick test of "+++", "++", "+","±" and "-" were observed at frequencies of 3.96 % (79), 3.21% (64), 2.31%(46), 1.25 % (25) and 89.27 % (1780), respectively. A total number of 161 (8.07 %) individuals were shown to carry mites, with 92 (4.61%) positive only for stool samples, 37(1.86 %) positive only for urine samples and 32 (1.60 %)for both. The positive rate of mites in stool samples was 6.22 % (124/1994), being 6.84 % (78/1140) for males and 5.39 % (46/854) for females. No gender difference was observed in this study (χ2=1.77, P＞0.05). The mites from stool samples included Acarus siro, TynoPhagus putrescentiae,Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, Glycyphagus domesticus, G.ornatus, Carpoglyphus lactis and Tarsonemus granaries. The positive rate of mites in urine samples was 3.46 % (69/1994). The positive rates for male and female subjects were found to be 3.95 % (45/1140) and 2.81%(24/854) respectively, with no gender difference observed (χ2=1.89, P＞0.05). Mites species in urine samples included Acar us siro, Tynophagus putrescentiae, T. longior, Aleunocglyphus ovatus, Caloglyphus berlesei, C mycophagus, Suidasia nesbitti, Lardoglyphus konoi, Glycyphagus domesticus,Carpoglyphus lactis, Lepidoglyphus destructor,Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, Euroglyphus magnei, Caloglyphus hughesi, Tarsonemus granarus and T.hominis. The species of mites in stool and urine samples were consistent with those separated from working environment. A significant difference was found among the frequencies of mite infection in individuals with different occupations (χ2=82.55, P＜0.001), with its frequencies in those working in medicinal herb storehouses, those in rice storehouse or mills, miners, railway workers, pupils and teachers being 15.89 % (68/428), 12.96 % (53/409), 3.28 %(18/549), 2.54 % (6/236), 5.10 % (13/255) and 2.56 % (3/117), respectively.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of human intestinal and urinary acariasis was not associated with gender, and these diseases are more frequently found in individuals working in medicinal herb, rice storehouses or mills and other sites with high density of mites. More attention should be paid to the mite prevention and labor protection for these highrisk groups.     

深圳某高校学生寝室床尘螨类调查及相关影响因子分析

为了解深圳某高校学生寝室床尘螨类的孳生情况及相关影响因子。共收集宿舍床尘308份,螨孳生率为88%（271/308）。共分离螨6 163只,其中粉尘螨、屋尘螨和热带剥爪螨为优势螨类,分别占29.7%、21.7%和17.9%。性别（男/女）、床上覆盖物（竹席/床单）、空调安装与否和空调日使用时间（<2 h、2～8 h和>8 h）对螨的阳性率无显著影响（P>0.05）,但logistic模型分析显示男生寝室螨可能致敏危险性低于女生寝室（OR=0.55,P=0.038）,使用床单的危险性高于竹席（OR=2.13,P=0.040）。随着楼层增高,螨的阳性率和致敏危险性显著递减。     

104例支气管哮喘患者血清五种螨类特异性IgE检测的结果分析

目的研究５种螨与支气管哮喘的关系。方法用ＰｈａｒｍａｃｉａＣＡＰ系统测定１０４例支气管哮喘患者血清屋尘螨、粉尘螨、粗足粉螨、腐食酪螨和害嗜鳞螨的特异性ＩｇＥ（ＳＩｇＥ），１６例健康人作对照，结果与尘螨浸液皮内试验作比较。结果１０４例病人中８３例血清５种螨的ＳＩｇＥ阳性，全部对照组为０级。阳性率依次为７６９２％、７６９２％、６３４６％、５９６２％和５８６５％，在４６种ＳＩｇＥ中排前６位。５种螨的ＳＩｇＥ检测强度依次为屋尘螨、粉尘螨、粗足粉螨、腐食酪螨和害嗜鳞螨。与皮试的阳性符合率为９２５％，阴性符合率为７２２％。结论除屋尘螨与粉尘螨外，粗足粉螨、腐食酪螨和害嗜鳞螨也是引起变态反应与哮喘的重要过敏原。     

In vivo and in vitro sensitization to domestic mites in German urban and rural allergic patients.

Sensitization to domestic mites is common in Germany. The main objectives of this study were (1) to establish the rate of skin test sensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae in 512 consecutive patients evaluated for upper and/or lower respiratory complaints; (2) to verify how many of the patients with a positive skin test to at least one of the three storage mites were also skin test positive to D. pteronyssinus; and (3) to verify how many of the patients with at least one positive skin test to one of the storage mites previously mentioned were also sensitized, in vitro, to other mite species. A total of 512 consecutive patients with rhinitis and/or asthma, living in urban or rural areas of central Germany were skin tested with extracts of D. pteronyssinus, A. siro, L. destructor, and T. putrescentiae. In addition, specific IgE determinations to Euroglyphus maynei, Blomia tropicalis, Blomia tjibodas, Blomia kulagini, and Gohieria fusca were conducted in those individuals with a positive skin test to at least one of the storage mites used in skin testing. Of the 512 patients, 103 (20.1%; 77 urban dwellers and 26 farmers) reacted to at least one of the storage mites. From this latter group, 88 individuals (85.4%) also skin tested positive to D. pteronyssinus. In vitro specific IgE determinations revealed a high rate of sensitization to the other mite species studied. We conclude that sensitization to storage mites in Germany is frequently associated with sensitivity to D. pteronyssinus. Overall, skin test sensitivity to storage mites was greater in rural than in city dwellers. In vitro sensitization to B. tjibodas was also significantly greater in rural than in city dwellers.     

蠕形螨与细菌对酒渣鼻的致病作用

目的：了解蠕形螨对酒渣鼻的致病作用，及其与细菌感染的关系。方法：收集酒渣鼻病人皮脂和组织标本，分离出蠕形螨，同时进行需氧和厌氧培养。结果：在５１例三型酒渣鼻病２７４份标本中，６３．５％（１７４／２７４）标本有细菌存在，多为条件致病菌，其中表皮葡萄球菌占９４．３％（１６４／１７４）、厌氧菌占４％（７／１７４）。痤疮型酒渣鼻和鼻赘型酒渣鼻组带菌率高于皮炎型酒渣鼻组及正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：痤疮型和鼻赘型酒渣鼻病人中检出的条件致病菌，在其发病机理上起着一定致病作用，但与蠕形螨寄生无直接关系；皮炎型酒渣鼻主要由蠕形螨引起。     

Sensitization to different mite species in German farmers: in vitro analyses.

Allergic airway diseases are often caused by house dust mites (HDM) and storage mites (SM), respectively, and we were recently able to demonstrate that symptomatic German farmers are frequently sensitized to different mite species. The present study aimed to obtain information on the protein and immunobiochemical characteristics of the extracts of the following mites: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Acarus siro, Acarus farris, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Blomia tjibodas, Blomia topicalis, Blomia kulagini, Glycyphagus domesticus, Thyreophagus entomophagus, and Cheyletus eruditus. Specific IgE determinations were performed with EAST. The protein patterns of the mite extracts were studied by SDS-PAGE estimating the weighted-average molecular weights of the proteins. Using the Western blot technique, we determined the allergen pattern in several mite extracts. The allergens in each extract were classified in terms of the frequency of sensitization as major, intermediate, and minor allergens using allergograms. As already reported, a positive EAST to at least one mite was measured in 31/86 patients, and most sera were positive with several mite species. The majority of the mite extracts exhibited a very complex protein pattern according to SDS-PAGE. An allergen was found in Western blots of nearly all species equivalent to a molecular weight of 14 to 15 kD. This was, in our opinion, the first time that this particular allergen was detected in Blomia tjibodas and Glycyphagus domesticus. In conclusion, using EAST we were able to show that 36% of the German farmers tested were sensitized to SM. All mite extracts showed a complex protein pattern in the molecular weight range -95 kD to -10 kD. A common allergen band in the region of -14 to -15 kD was found in the majority of the mites studied, and it can be assumed that this corresponds with the group 2 allergen.     

Sensitization to different mite species in German farmers: clinical aspects.

Various mite species referred to collectively as house dust and storage mites are recognized worldwide as a cause of allergic airway disease. Our study aimed to investigate the frequency of sensitization and potential importance of mite species in farmers using a broad mite spectrum. A total of 86 German farmers with rhinitis and/or asthma were studied by skin prick testing and/or enzyme allergosorbent test (EAST) with the following mites: Blomia tjibodas, Blomia tropicalis, Blomia kulagini, Glycyphagus domesticus, Thyreophagus entomophagus, Euroglyphus maynei, Chortoglyphus arcuatus, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus farris and Cheyletus eruditus. Sensitization to at least one mite species was detected in 51 patients (59%) by skin prick testing, and in 31 patients (36%) by EAST. The most frequent sensitizations determined by skin tests were found for the three Blomia species, E. maynei and G. domesticus. Twelve patients (14%) gave a positive EAST with the predator mite C. eruditus. A total of 22 patients gave positive EAST results with the Dermatophagoides species. We were able to document sensitization to C. arcuatus, E. maynei and T. entomophagus for the first time in Germany. A considerable proportion of the German farmers tested were sensitized to storage mites. The allergological potential of various mite species has been recognized, some for the first time. It was concluded that B. tjibodas, G. domesticus, C. arcuatus and C. eruditus in particular should be included in an allergy diagnosis. Further investigations into the clinical relevance of the sensitizations and possible cross-reactivity between the mite species are necessary.     

Nosocomial dermatitis and pruritus caused by pigeon mite infestation

We report an outbreak of pigeon mite infestation involving two patients, two nurses, and one physician on a medical ward in a municipal hospital. The index patient developed a diffuse, pruritic erythematous maculopapular rash on his trunk and extremities. Dermanyssus gallinae, a nonburrowing, blood-sucking avian mite was identified on the patient and his bedding. A second patient who complained of scalp pruritus had mites present on her pillow and bed linen. The intern taking care of both patients, and two nurses who had contact with these patients, had mite infestation. Pigeons roosting on the air conditioners and near the doors connecting the patients' rooms to a sunporch were the source of the mites. The outbreak abated after control measures were instituted that prevented pigeons from roosting on the porch. This outbreak illustrates an unusual cause of nosocomial pruritic dermatitis that may be misdiagnosed as scabies or pediculosis. Physicians and health care personnel working in metropolitan areas are alerted to mites as a cause of pruritic dermatitis that may be chronic, recurrent, or unresponsive to ectoparasiticides.     

House dust mites in Switzerland. III. Allergenic properties of the mites

The allergenic properties of the nine mite species prevalent in the house dust of northwestern Switzerland (Basel and surroundings) were studies. For the preparation of mite extracts, the average weight of each species was first determined and then the number per culture glass counted. Thus the extracts were prepared according to the weight of the mites. They were tested on 115 patients with ashma and/or rhinitis. Tests with patients own house dust and with a human dander/yeast mixture, which served as culture medium for the mites, were carried out simultaneously. Test results were either positive or negative for all substances in 93 patients (80 per cent). Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Euroglyphus maynei caused the most frequent and most severe reactions. The species Glycyphagus destructor, G. privatus, Chortoglyphus arcuatus, Gohieria fusca, Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Acarus siro seem to play a less important role, if any, in house dust allergies.