合肥市青年男男性行为者梅毒和HIV感染状况分析

目的了解合肥市青年男男性行为者(MSM)梅毒和HIV感染状况以及相关的因素,为对该人群进行梅毒与HIV预防干预提供依据。方法采用应答者驱动招募、关键知情人介绍及在MSM网站上发布广告三种方法招募年轻的男男性行为者,进行匿名问卷调查与HIV和梅毒血清学检测。结果202名调查对象平均年龄为20.7岁,大学及以上学历占66.9%,在校学生为62.4%,63.4%的人自认为是同性性取向,26.7%的人自认为是双性性取向。HIV感染率为1.0%,RPR阳性率为7.0%,TPPA阳性率为13.1%。单因素2检验表明,曾进行过HIV检测、一生中肛交同性性伴4个以上与梅毒感染相关,2值分别为10.944与7.696(均P<0.01)。结论年轻的男男性行为者中梅毒感染情况严重,HIV在该人群中流行条件已经具备,急需在该人群中开展性病艾滋病的高危行为干预,尤其要加强大、中学校学生性病艾滋病知识宣传和健康教育。     

Contact tracing to identify human immunodeficiency virus infection in a rural community

This report describes a contact investigation conducted in rural South Carolina to identify, counsel, and educate persons infected with or exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Starting with one HIV antibody-positive man and his 19 sex contacts, we identified 83 sex contacts of HIV antibody-positive men. Of these, 64 were residents of the county and 63 (98%) agreed to be tested for evidence of HIV infection. Eight (13%) were HIV antibody positive. Thirty-six initially HIV antibody-negative men were reevaluated at a six-month follow-up visit, and three had seroconverted during this time. Of 25 men who reported practicing anal receptive intercourse, 13 (52%) were HIV antibody positive vs none of 43 men who reported strictly anal insertive intercourse. Comparing reported numbers of sexual contacts for the six-month periods before and after our initial investigation, the mean numbers of named sex contacts decreased by 82% for antibody-positive men and 54% for antibody-negative men. None of the men reported using condoms before entering the study; at the six-month follow-up visit, four (80%) of five of the antibody-positive men and 25 (69%) of 36 of the antibody-negative men reported using condoms at least some of the time.     

Sexual practices and condom usage in a cohort of homosexual men in relation to human immunodeficiency virus status

Between January 1, and October 31, 1987, 420 homosexual men who participated in a cohort study of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) completed a questionnaire that examined their sexual practices during the previous six months. Of the subjects, 205 (48.8%) men were HIV-seropositive and 215 (51.2%) men were HIV-seronegative. Although there was an appreciable level of condom usage in both groups, 13.5% of the HIV-seronegative men had engaged in unprotected receptive anal intercourse and 6.3% of the HIV-seropositive men had engaged in unprotected insertive anal intercourse. Condom breakage was reported on approximately 6% of occasions by a minority of subjects. Among subjects who were in a relationship with a regular male sexual partner, the most commonly reported sexual practices were deep kissing, mutual masturbation and receptive oral intercourse without ejaculation. No HIV-seronegative man engaged in unprotected receptive and/or insertive anal intercourse, receptive oral intercourse with ejaculation or receptive and/or insertive "fisting" with a regular partner who was HIV-seropositive. No HIV-seropositive man engaged in unprotected insertive anal intercourse to ejaculation with an HIV-seronegative partner, although they did so with partners who were HIV-seropositive or of unknown status. On multivariate analyses the subject's antibody status was found to be associated with receptive anal intercourse with a condom (P = 0.007) and mutual masturbation (P = 0.001), with HIV-seronegative men being more likely to practise either; no significant independent effect was associated with the partner's antibody status. These findings provide important information on the types and levels of sexual practices in a group of homosexual men after the recognition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in this country.     

四川绵阳地区MSM群交行为HIVI梅毒感染及影响因素

摘要：目的了解男男性行为者（MSM）群交行为及艾滋病病毒（nlv）／梅毒感染,分析影响因素。方法结合滚雪球抽样法招募调查对象,进行相关行为匿名调查和血清学检测。结果合格调查367例,3．5％近6月有群交行为。有群交／无群交者HIV感染率7．7％N．5％,梅毒累计感染率23．1％陀1．2％、现症感染率15．4％,9．O％（x1-0．286、0．027、0．083,P均〉0．05）。单因素分析,群交行为与年龄、职业、接受同伴教育、寻找性伴场所、首次性行为年龄、近6月男性肛交数、近6月性伴最小年龄、固定性伴侣期间多性伴、累计偶然性伴数、经常观看同志性文化影视、同志性文化影视对行为影响相关（x2分别-5．416、6．261、5．821、11．487、3．876、5．672、22．117、4．316、21．064、4．835、5．018、6．692,P均〈0．05）。多因素分析,MSM群交行为的独立影响因素：年龄（OR=11．129）、近6月商业性行为（0R=295．842）、近6月无保护性肛交（OR=9．091）、同志性文化影视对行为影响（0R=32．810）,年龄33～41岁、近6月有商业性行为、有无保护性肛交、同志性文化影视对行为有影响者群交行为的比例较高。结论MSM群交行为受人口学特征、性行为和同志性文化影视影响,高危行为普遍,HIV感染和传播的桥梁作用明显,应针性开展行为干预。     

男男性行为者不同性角色HIV/梅毒感染及与相关行为特征的关系研究简

目的了解男男性行为者（MSM）性角色及不同角色艾滋病病毒（HIV）／梅毒感染和相关行为特征。方法对2009年建立的MSM人群开放性研究队列在2010年随访调查基础上进行随访调查,不足基线调查样本部分,采用滚雪球采样法招募补足,应用自行设计制作的调查表,由专门人员面对面进行相关行为学和血清学的匿名调查。结果在有效调查的402例中,0号115例（28．6％）,1号92例（22．9％）,0．5号195例（48．5％）。不同性角色人口学及行为特征关联性的多因素分析,存在独立的统计学／边缘统计学关联的变量：1号与0号相比,年龄、职业、认识当地MSM朋友数、近6月性伴数、同时有过2个及以上固定性伴、习惯携带安全套（P〈0．05或0．05〈P％0．10）;0．5号与0号相比,年龄、职业、近6月无保护性男性肛交、习惯携带安全套;1号与0．5号相比,收入、近6月无保护性男性肛交、同时有2个及以上固定性伴（P〈0．05或0．05〈P〈0．10）。年龄较小、学生／教师／干部职员、认识当地MSM朋友数较多、近6月性伴数较多、不习惯携带安全套的比例0号较多;中低收入、体力劳动、近6月有无保护性男性肛交0．5号比例较高,同时有2个及以上固定性伴者1号较高。生物学检测结果,0号、1号、0．5号HIV累计发病率分别为6．3％、0、7．6％（似然比x2=7．390,P=0．025）,梅毒累计发病率分别为8．0％、2．3％、3．5％（x2=1．985,P=0．371）。结论不同性角色具有不同的人口学、社会网络、性行为特征和HIV感染风险,在艾滋病防治中应针对性开展干预活动。     

男-男性行为者的行为特征分析

目的 通过对男-男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)行为监测,了解该群体与艾滋病相关的行为特征,为评估艾滋病在该人群的流行趋势提供依据。方法 2003年9月至12月,同时在成都和南充两市进行监测,采用专门设计的问卷收集行为资料,采用方便样本法和“滚雪球”法,从5类MSM最常活动的场所中抽取调查对象。结果 大部分MSM的性伴类型为男性性伴,最常见的性行为方式是肛交、口交和相互手淫。多性伴情况普遍存在,肛交和口交的性伴数中位数分别为4．4人和4．2人。近6个月性活动中,有491人(84．7％)与男性性伴发生过肛交,其中与不付费的固定和非固定性伴发生肛交的比例分别是68．6％和66．2％,明显高于与商业性性伴肛交的比例(20．4％)。与不付费固定和非固定、以及付费性伴肛交时坚持使用安全套的比例分别为15．8％、16．3％和32．3％。MSM中最近1年曾经有过毒品注射的人为1．9％,曾经自愿检测过HIV的人为18．3％。结论 MSM群体中HIV传播的危险行为是广泛存在的,这些行为包括多性伴、无保护肛交、商业性性活动、以及注射吸毒行为等。     

北京市男男性行为者无保护性同性性行为的调查研究

目的了解北京市男男性行为者无保护性同性性行为情况及其影响因素。方法2006年11月～2007年2月，在北京市朝阳区对男男性行为者进行问卷调查，内容包括社会人口学、近3个月行为学特征等。结果在所调查的541名男男性行为者中，分别有49．5％（268／541）和36．6％（198／541）的调查对象在过去的1个月与固定和临时男性发生过肛交。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，近3个月结婚／与女朋友同居（OR=3．00；95％CI1．40～6．40）更容易与固定男性近1个月发生无保护性肛交，近1个月感觉到孤独（OR=0．47；95％CI0．28～0．78）较少与固定男性性伴近1个月发生无保护性肛交；近3个月通过浴池／厕所／公园寻找男性性伴（OR=2．01；95％CI1．07～3．79）、近3个月未参加过艾滋病项目（OR=2．84；95％CI1．01～7．98）更容易与临时男性性伴近1个月发生无保护性肛交。结论男男性行为者中无保护性肛交行为普遍存在，应加强对这个人群的行为干预以降低其危险行为。     

深圳市502例男男性行为者HIV/梅毒感染调查

目的了解深圳市男男性行为者（Menwhohavesexwithmen,MsM）H1v／梅毒感染情况及高危行为特征,为今后有针对性地实施有效干预措施提供科学依据。方法知情同意原则下,收集深圳市2012年MSM人群HIW梅毒监测资料,进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果共502例接受自愿咨询检测,42．6％性角色以主动为主,25．5％以被动为主,30．1％二者兼有,1．8％极少肛交或多口交;半年内68．3％肛交性伴数≥2个,65．3％口交性伴数t〉2个;40．9％半年内肛交时每次使用安全套,3．6％半年内口交时每次使用安全套,44．5％半年内与女性性交时每次使用安全套。梅毒感染率为18．3％,HIV感染率为9．8％,梅毒合并HIV感染率为5．0％;多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明：性角色、肛交性伴数是MSM人群感染HIV的影响因素,HIV主动检测史、性角色、做过男男性工作者是MSM人群感染梅毒的影响因素。结论深圳市MSM人群HIV感染率仍呈上升趋势,应加强健康教育和行为干预工作,以有效阻断HIV传播。     

北京市MSMHIV和梅毒感染号性行为影响因素调查

目的了解北京市男男性行为者（Mellwhohavesexwithmen,MSM）与固定和临时男性性伴无保护性肛交的情况及其影响因素。方法于2008年3月巧月,在北京市招募MSM进行问卷访谈,了解其社会人口学、高危行为特征,以及心理状况,并采集血样进行HIV抗体、梅毒抗体、HBsAg和HCV抗体检测。结果共调查550名MSM。近1个月分别有86人（15．6％）和62人（11.3％）与固定和临时男性性伴发生无保护性肛交。多因素logisfic回归分析结果显示。大学本科及以上文化程度（OR=1．70,95％CI：1．06-2．72）和近3个月与男性性伴同居（OR=2．41,95％CI：1．45-4．02）是MSM与固定男性性伴无保护性肛交的影响因素,近3个月男性性伴数≥10人（OR=4．11;95％CI：2．04～8．30）和近1个月感到悲伤（OR=1．82;95％CI：1．04—3．18）是MSM与临时男性性伴无保护性肛交的影响因素。结论北京市MSM无保护性肛交现象较为普遍,HIV和梅毒感染率高,应采取宣传教育、安全套推广等措施以控制HIV等性传播疾病的流行。     

The Internet as a newly emerging risk environment for sexually transmitted diseases

CONTEXT: Transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with unprotected sex among multiple anonymous sex partners. The role of the Internet in risk of STDs is not known. OBJECTIVE: To compare risk of STD transmission for persons who seek sex partners on the Internet with risk for persons not seeking sex partners on the Internet. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey conducted September 1999 through April 2000. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 856 clients of the Denver Public Health HIV Counseling and Testing Site in Colorado. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-report of logging on to the Internet with the intention of finding sex partners; having sex with partners who were originally contacted via the Internet; number of such partners and use of condoms with them; and time since last sexual contact with Internet partners, linked to HIV risk assessment and test records. RESULTS: Of the 856 clients, most were white (77. 8%), men (69.2%), heterosexual (65.3%), and aged 20 to 50 years (84. 1%). Of those, 135 (15.8%) had sought sex partners on the Internet, and 88 (65.2%) of these reported having sex with a partner initially met via the Internet. Of those with Internet partners, 34 (38.7%) had 4 or more such partners, with 62 (71.2%) of contacts occurring within 6 months prior to the client's HIV test. Internet sex seekers were more likely to be men (P<.001) and homosexual (P<.001) than those not seeking sex via the Internet. Internet sex seekers reported more previous STDs (P =.02); more partners (P<.001); more anal sex (P<.001); and more sexual exposure to men (P<.001), men who have sex with men (P<.001), and partners known to be HIV positive (P<.001) than those not seeking sex via the Internet. CONCLUSIONS: Seeking sex partners via the Internet was a relatively common practice in this sample of persons seeking HIV testing and counseling (representative of neither Denver nor the overall US population). Clients who seek sex using the Internet appear to be at greater risk for STDs than clients who do not seek sex on the Internet. JAMA. 2000;284:443-446     

深圳市男性双性性行为者高危行为及梅毒／HIV感染调查

目的了解深圳市男性双性性行为者（men who have sex with men and women,MSMW）高危行为特征及梅毒/HIV感染情况。方法对2009—2011年深圳市MSM人群监测资料进行统计分析。结果2009。2011年2943例MSM中,809例（27．49％）最近半年内发生了双性性行为。MSMW人群梅毒感染率为17．80％,HIV感染率为7．05％,梅毒合并HIV感染率为3．83％。与近半年内无双性性行为的MSM人群相比,MSMW人群女性性伴数≥5个的比例较高,男性肛交性伴数≥2个的比例较高,与女性发生性行为时从不使用和偶尔使用安全套比例较高,与男性肛交时每次使用安全套比例较高,与男性口交时从不使用安全套比例较低,梅毒感染率和HIV感染率较低。结论深圳市MSMW人群与女性发生性行为时每次使用安全套比例低,作为艾滋病性病传播桥梁作用的危险不可低估。     

武汉市同性恋酒吧男男性接触者HIV高危行为的现况调查

目的:描述武汉市男男性接触者HIV高危行为的现状,探讨其影响因素。方法:在武汉市同性恋酒吧对96名男男性接触者进行问卷调查。结果:调查对象中21-30岁年龄段者占41.7%,高中及以上学历者占95.8%,职业以学生、企业职员和公务员为主;50.0%曾与一个女性有过性交,13.5%与1名以上的女性有过性交;44.8%第一次发生男男性关系的年龄在16-18岁。全部调查对象在过去的6个月中有过同性性行为,其中77.1%有过口交行为,87.5%有过肛交行为。结论:武汉市男男性接触者中的HIV相关行为存在高度的危险性。     

Sexual practices and risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. The San Francisco Men's Health Study

The San Francisco Men's Health Study is a prospective study of the epidemiology and natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of 1034 single men, 25 to 54 years of age, recruited by multistage probability sampling. At entry, June 1984 through January 1985, the seropositivity rate for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among homosexual/bisexual study participants was 48.5%. No heterosexual participants were HIV seropositive. Among homosexual/bisexual men reporting no male sexual partners in the two years before entry into the study, seropositivity was 17.6%. For those reporting more than 50 partners, seropositivity was 70.8%. Only receptive anal/genital contact had a significantly elevated risk of HIV infection. Douching was the only ancillary sexual practice that contributed significantly to risk of infection.     

北京男男性接触人群性传播感染HIV/HBV现状及相关因素研究

目的 探讨在北京男男性接触人群（men who have sex with men,MSM）人群中艾滋病病毒（human immunodeficiency virus,HIV）及乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）的感染现状及相关高危因素,为疾病防控措施提供科学依据。方法 采用横断面调查,对北京MSM人群的社会人口学特征、高危性行为、相关病史等进行问卷调查,同时采集血样进行HIV、HBV及梅毒检测。采用Epi Data 3.0 软件建立数据库,利用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果 MSM人群的HIV抗体阳性率11.6%,乙肝表面抗原阳性率为9.0%,出现乙肝病毒感染标志物占26.5%。多因素分析显示,较大的年龄、性伴不固定、无保护肛交、梅毒感染是HIV感染的独立相关因素;性伴不固定、有性病史是乙肝感染的独立相关因素。结论 北京男男性接触人群有着较高的HIV及HBV感染流行率,应加强对该人群进行HIV和HBV防护知识宣传、限制性伴数量,控制梅毒现症感染可以有效控制HIV及HBV感染的进一步蔓延。     

深圳市男男性行为者双性性行为特征及影响因素

目的了解深圳市男男性行为者（Men who have sex with men,MSM）双性性行为特征及影响因素。方法对2009～2011年深圳市MSM人群监测资料进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果共有2 943例接受自愿咨询检测,HIV感染率为7.88%,梅毒感染率为20.76%,HIV合并梅毒感染率4.38%。最近6个月内,809例（27.49%）发生了双性性行为。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,MSM人群发生双性性行为与文化程度、婚姻状况、月收入、做过MB、性取向及性角色有关。大专及以上文化程度为MSM人群发生双性性行为的阻碍因素,已婚、月收入3千元、5千元和≥1万元、曾经或现在仍做MB、性取向为双性恋和异性恋者、性角色以主动为主者、主动被动两者兼有者和极少肛交或多口交为MSM人群发生双性性行为的促进因素。结论应在MSM人群中采取有效的干预措施,以阻断HIV由MSM人群向普通人群传播。     

绵阳市男男性行为者异地性行为现状及影响因素

目的了解男男性行为者(MSM)异地性行为现状,分析影响因素。方法 2016年2—11月,以四川省绵阳市辖区MSM为对象,采用滚雪球抽样法,在知情同意下,进行调查对象招募调查及血清学检测。结果合格调查1 073人中,有异地性行为者为6.7%。异地性行为地方为附近县的15.3%、绵阳34.7%、成都15.3%、省外等其他地区34.7%。每天平均性行为(1.6±1.038)次,偶然性伴72.1%、固定性伴27.9%。寻找性伴场所类型69.1%为网络型、11.8%为家庭型,肛交有保护性73.5%。异地性行为HIV感染率12.5%,高于无异地性行为的5.5%(P0.05)。多因素分析,离异丧偶、本地居住时间短、生理需求为第一需求、最近1次肛交无保护性行为、近6个月肛交人数≥2发生异地性行为可能性较高(P均0.05)。结论 MSM异地性行为以大中城市、网络型、偶然性伴为主,无保护、多性伴比例较高,增大了HIV感染和跨区域传播风险。     

邯郸市男男性行为者HIV感染状况及影响因素研究

目的了解邯郸市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况及其影响因素,为MSM人群行为干预工作提供依据。方法于2012年2～5月采用同伴推动(RDS)法,对MSM进行问卷调查,主要内容包括社会人口学特征、艾滋病知识知晓水平、性伴数量、性行为特征和接受干预服务情况,并抽取其静脉血检测HIV及梅毒。对影响HIV感染的相关因素进行χ2检验和logistic回归分析。结果调查了446名MSM,艾滋病知识知晓率达到91.9%。最近6个月,83.86%的调查对象有同性肛交性行为,与男性发生肛交性行为时每次都使用安全套的比例为57.62%。7.17%有同性商业性行为。30.72%有异性性行为,每次都使用安全套的比例为33.86%。HIV感染率为4.93%,梅毒感染率为10.76%,7人同时检出HIV和梅毒。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度在初中及以下、最近6个月与男性发生肛交性行为时未坚持使用安全套、多性伴、梅毒感染、未接受过艾滋病干预服务者是感染HIV的危险因素。结论邯郸市MSM人群危险性行为普遍存在,安全套使用率低,HIV感染率较高,应采取积极有效的宣传教育方式和行为干预活动控制HIV的传播。     

Human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis B virus infection, and sexual behaviour of women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic

During the six months immediately after a public information campaign about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome 1115 women who attended a genitourinary medicine clinic in west London were tested for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Three women (0.27%) were positive, and all three were regular sexual partners of men with high risk lifestyles--two intravenous drug users and one bisexual. A consecutive series of 647 women from the cohort was tested for antibodies for hepatitis B core antigen: 27 were positive, of whom six had been born in the United Kingdom and were not known to have been at risk. The two women who were seropositive for HIV who completed a questionnaire on their sexual behaviour before they were tested reported both anal and oral receipt of semen and were in the upper fifth percentile for lifetime sexual partners. More than half (53%) of 424 women who reported that they had non-regular sexual partners never used a condom. It is concluded that heterosexual women in London are at a low risk of becoming infected with HIV.     

深圳市2011年MSM高危行为特征及梅毒/HIV感染调查

目的了解深圳市男男性行为者高危行为特征及梅毒/HIV感染情况,为今后有针对性地实施有效干预措施提供科学依据。方法知情同意原则下,2011年对深圳市MSM进行问卷调查及抽血检测。结果共762例接受自愿咨询检测,梅毒感染率为17.8%,HIV感染率为7.1%,梅毒合并HIV感染率为3.8%;45.8%性角色以主动为主,23.8%以被动为主,29.5%二者兼有,0.9%很少肛交或多口交;半年内70.8%肛交性伴数≥2个,64.4%口交性伴数≥2个;37.1%半年内肛交时每次使用安全套,4.0%半年内口交时每次使用安全套,27.1%半年内与女性性交时每次使用安全套。结论深圳市MSM人群不安全性行为普遍存在,是梅毒/HIV传播的桥梁人群。     

Incidence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion in a cohort of Sydney homosexual men

By means of prospective cohort data from the Sydney AIDS Project, we report on 55 homosexual or bisexual men who have become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as measured by the development of serum HIV antibodies (seroconversion). We have compared the sexual practices, recreational drug abuse, history of sexually-transmissible diseases, and antecedent immunological findings of the men who seroconverted with those of 588 subjects who persistently remained seronegative in the same time-period. The cumulative incidence rate of HIV infection over the three years of observation was 8.5%. The cumulative incidence rate ranged from less than 1% for the six months before August 1, 1984, to a peak of 5% in the six months before August 1, 1985. Of those subjects for whom we had data for the period of seroconversion, all but two of the subjects who seroconverted admitted to a recognized high-risk sexual practice in the six months before the first visit at which they were found to be seropositive. Univariate analysis found that men who seroconverted were significantly more likely to have had a greater number of recent sexual partners (relative risk per partner, 1.02; P less than 0.001), to have engaged in receptive anal intercourse (incidence rate ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-7.6; P = 0.01) and to have used nitrite inhalant (incidence rate ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.9; P = 0.02) and amphetamine (incidence rate ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 2.2-10.5; P less than 0.001) drugs. The men who seroconverted were significantly (incidence rate ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.1; P = 0.014) more likely to have antecedent T-suppressor-cell counts of greater than 800 cells/microL. Factors that retained significance in multivariate analysis were the number of recent sexual partners, recent amphetamine abuse and a T-suppressor-cell count of greater than 800 cells/microL.