幽门螺杆菌感染与环氧化酶-2诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达关系的研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌(H·pylori,Hp)感染与环氧化酶-2(COX-2)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达之间的关系,以探讨Hp的致病及可能致癌机制。方法2005年6月至2006年5月,南昌大学第一附属医院消化内科采用免疫组化法检测294例胃黏膜标本中COX-2、iNOS的表达。结果(1)各研究组和对照组间炎症细胞和腺细胞中COX-2阳性积分差异均有显著性(P<0·01),其中以肠上皮化生与异性增生(IM DYS)组最高;且浅表性胃炎(CSG)和IM DYS组Hp阳性者炎症细胞中COX-2表达明显高于Hp阴性(P<0·05)。(2)各研究组和对照组间炎症细胞中iNOS的阳性积分差异有显著性(P<0·05),其中以CSG组最高,IM DYS组次之;在CSG和IM DYS组Hp阳性者炎症细胞中iNOS表达明显高于Hp阴性(P<0·05)。(3)中重度CSG炎症细胞中iNOS表达高于轻度CSG(P<0·05)。(4)各研究组胃黏膜中COX-2和iNOS的表达呈显著正相关(P<0·01)。结论(1)Hp感染可能通过诱导COX-2、iNOS的过度表达参与Hp的致病过程,并且Hp可能通过上调COX-2的过度表达参与胃癌发生的早期进程。(2)COX-2、iNOS的表达在Hp的致病过程中相互作用,相互影响。     

胃癌变过程中Hp感染与凋亡基因Survivin表达的关系

目的 研究胃癌变过程中幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染与凋亡基因Survivin表达、细胞凋亡的关系。方法用快速尿素酶法、W—S银染法和美蓝法联合检测62例慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）、55例慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、52例肠化生（IM）、46例不典型增生（AH）、65例胃癌（Gc）组织中Hp的感染情况,采用免疫组化及TUNEL法分别检测Survivin蛋白的表达及细胞凋亡情况。结果Hp感染率、Survivin蛋白阳性表达率均随着GC形成中病变恶性程度的加重而明显上升（P〈0．05）。CAG、IM、AH和GC组Hp感染率较CSG组,Gc组较CAG组均明显升高（P均〈0．05）;AH、GC组Survivin蛋白阳性表达率明显高于IM和CAG组（P均〈0．01）;AH、GC组Hp阳性患者Survivin蛋白表达率均高于Hp阴性者（P均〈0．05）;CAG、IM、AH、GC组中Survivin阳性者凋亡指数均低于Survivin阴性者（P〈0．05）;低未分化GC患者Survivin蛋白表达明显高于高中分化者（P均〈0．05）。结论在胃黏膜癌变过程中,Hp感染可能通过逐渐上调Survivin基因的表达、抑制细胞凋亡和分化而发挥致癌作用。     

胃黏膜病变中突变型p53、Mdm2和PCNA蛋白表达及与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的探讨胃黏膜病变中突变型p53、Mdm2、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）蛋白的表达及其与幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的关系。方法应用免疫组化PV-9000法染色及Giemsa染色检测胃黏膜病变中突变型p53、Mdm2、PC-NA蛋白的表达和Hp感染情况。结果在慢性浅表性胃炎（csG）、慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生（CAG伴IM）、不典型增生（Bys）及胃癌（GC）中,突变型p53、Mdm2、PCNA阳性表达随病变发展而逐渐升高,突变型p53在CSG组高于GC组,GC组高于CAG伴IM组（P均〈0．05）。不同胃黏膜病变之间Mdm2比较均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。在同一病变中Hp阳性者突变型p53、Mdm2、PCNA阳性表达一般高于Hp阴性者,突变型p53在CAG伴IM组Hp阳性与阴性者间有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,PCNA和Mdm2在Dys组Hp阳性与阴性者有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。GC组中突变型p53、Mdm2、PCNA蛋白表达无相关关系。结论突变型p53、Mdm2和PCNA蛋白的表达及Hp感染共同参与胃黏膜病变的发生、发展。     

Hp感染与胃癌和癌前病变中p53、ras、c-myc基因表达的关系

目的研究幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染与胃癌（GC）和癌前病变中p53、ras、c-myc基因表达的关系,以探讨其致病机制。方法用美兰和W-S特殊染色方法确定Hp感染,免疫组化SP法检测p53、ras、c-myc基因的表达。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、肠化生（IM）、异型增生（DYS）、GC的Hp感染率均高于慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）（P均〈0.05）;p53、ras、c-myc基因在GC、DYS中的表达均高于CAG（P均〈0.05）,p53、ras基因在IM中的表达均高于CAG（P〈0.05）;IM中Hp阳性者的p53阳性表达率高于Hp阴性者（P〈0.05）,DYS、GC中Hp阳性者p53、ras、c-myc的表达率高于Hp阴性者（P均〈0.05）。结论Hp感染可能通过调节p53、ras、c-myc基因的表达而促进GC的发生。     

胃癌幽门螺杆菌感染中c-met基因表达与增殖的关系及其预后

目的 研究c-met基因蛋白及增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）在幽门螺杆菌（Hp)感染的胃黏膜病变演进中的表达及关系，探讨Hp感染对胃癌预后的意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测145例经病理证实不同胃黏膜病变的c-met和PCNA基因表达，Warthin-Starry法检测Hp感染。结果 在浅表性胃炎（CSG）、萎缩肠化性胃炎、异型增生（DYS）、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌中，c-met和PCNA2种基因在萎缩肠化性胃炎、DYS、胃癌均显著高于CSG（P＜0．05）。对胃黏膜增殖程度与c-met和PCNA阳性表达强度的密切关系分析，表明两者有显著关联（P＜0．01）。c-met和PCNA阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关，而且Borrmann Ⅳ明显高于早期胃癌（P＜0．05）。c-met－LI和PCNA－LI在胃癌中等级相关表达有极显著的相关性（P＜0．001）。c-met阳性表达与肠型胃癌Hp感染有关。萎缩肠化性胃炎、DYS和胃癌组c-met阳性表达中Hp感染者明显高于阴性者。Hp阳性者5年生存期显著短于Hp阴性者。结论 c-met和PCNA基因表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关，c-met基因可能成为评估胃癌恶化和预后的1项新的重要指标。Hp感染和c-met表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关，Hp感染与胃癌预后有关。     

胃癌和癌前病变中幽门螺杆菌及环氧化酶-2和p53的表达及相关性研究

[目的]检测慢性胃炎、胃癌前病变及胃癌（GGa）的胃黏膜组织中幽门螺杆菌（Hp）,环氧化酶-2（COX-2）和突变型p53的表达,探讨Hp感染在胃癌发生过程中与COX-2、p53动态表达的相关性.[方法]选择经胃镜检查及病理组织学证实为慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）、慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、肠上皮化生（IM）、不典型增生（Dys）及GCa患者各100例,快速尿素酶试验（HPUT法）和组织学改良Giemsa染色联合检测Hp,通过免疫组化检测Hp感染组和非感染组患者胃黏膜COX-2、p53.[结果]①Hp、COX-2阳性率随病变进展呈上升趋势,Hp阳性率在CAG、IM、Dys、GCa各组中显著高于CSG组（P＜0.05）;COX-2在IM、Dys、GCa各组中与慢性胃炎比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;②Hp感染阳性率和COX-2蛋白表达阳性率在胃癌前病变组织中存在相关性（P＜0.05）;③p53阳性率在GCa与CSG、CAG相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;④在GCa组中,Hp阳性组p53的阳性表达明显高于Hp阴性组（P＜0.05）.[结论]GCa的形成与Hp感染、突变型p53、COX-2等多种因素及其相互作用有关,可视为GCa发生的危险预警信号之一;在GCa高危人群的追踪观察和随访中,进行Hp、p53、COX-2的联合检测,对发现胃癌前病变和GCa有一定临床意义.     

环氧合酶-2在小儿慢性炎症胃黏膜中的表达

目的探讨小儿时期不同炎症胃黏膜环氧合酶也（COX-2）表达特点及可能意义。方法随机抽取正常胃黏膜、普通慢性胃炎、幽门螺杆菌（Hp）相关慢性胃炎、慢性胃炎伴肠上皮化生（无却感染）共110例蜡块重新切片作常规病理学评估，并应用免疫组化法分析胃黏膜COX-2表达。结果COX-2在正常胃黏膜无表达；普通胃炎组9例轻度表达（22．5％）；坳胃炎组27例轻度表达（67．5％），中度表达2例（5．0％）；肠化组轻度表达6例（30．0％）。坳相关胃炎较普通胃炎组及肠化组（均为轻度炎症）COX-2阳性率细显著升高（P=0．000和P=0．002）；普通胃炎组中重度炎症COX-2阳性率较轻度炎症高（P=0．025）。慢性胃炎伴肠化组和普通胃炎组炎症程度无差别（P：0．527），其COX-2阳性表达率一致（P=0．542）。结论小儿胃炎COX-2表达较弱，却感染可诱发COX-2表达，其表达率随炎症程度加重而升高，COX-2表达和肠化无关。小儿早期轻度表达COX-2，其生理意义可能与成人有所不同。     

荆花胃康对糜烂性胃炎患者胃黏膜环氧合酶的影响

目的观察荆花胃康治疗糜烂性胃炎的疗效及其作用机制。方法糜烂性胃炎患者共40例，随机分为荆花胃康组和硫糖铝组，疗程均为28d。观察治疗前后胃黏膜炎症分级、COX-1及COX-2的表达变化。结果两种药物均可显著减轻胃黏膜的慢性活动性炎症，两药间疗效无最著性差异（P〉0．05）。荆花胃康治疗后慢性活动性胃炎患者胃黏膜COX-1表达无变化（P〉0．05），COX-2表达显著降低（P〈0．05）．结论荆化胃康治疗糜烂性胃炎有较好的疗效，其机制与降低胃黏膜COX-2表达有关。     

环氧化酶-2在胃癌和胃炎中的表达及其与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的探讨环氧化酶-2（Cyclooxygense-2，COX-2）在胃癌和胃炎中的表达及其与幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori，Hp）感染的关系，为胃癌的预防和治疗提供有价值的实验和理论依据。方法采用免疫组化技术检测COX-2、Hp在胃癌以及各型胃炎中的表达。结果胃癌和萎缩性胃炎伴不典型增生组织中COX-2的表达率明显高于浅表性胃炎（P〈0.05），COX-2在Hp感染阳性萎缩性胃炎伴不典型增生病人中的表达率明显高于Hp感染阴性组（P〈0．05），高、中分化胃癌COX-2表达率高于低分化胃癌（P〈0．05）。结论COX-2在胃癌组织中存在过表达，Hp感染可使萎缩性胃炎伴不典型增生组织中COX-2表达增强，COX-2表达与胃癌分化程度有关。     

根除Hp感染患者胃黏膜组织学变化及胃癌患病率的随访研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌（Hp）阳性患者根除Hp后对胃黏膜炎症、萎缩和肠上皮化生（IM）及胃癌患病率的影响。方法采用随机、对照研究方法,对在我院行胃镜检查同时行Hp及胃黏膜组织学检查者236例进行随访观察,3a后复查胃镜和组织病理学,评定组织学变化。分析Hp阳性组和阴性组在胃黏膜炎症、萎缩及IM的变化。结果Hp阳性组中胃黏膜的炎症、腺体的萎缩和肠化的总人数明显高于Hp阴性组（P〈0．05）。结论根除Hp感染可减轻胃黏膜活动性炎症、萎缩和肠上皮化生以及胃癌的发病率。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.