脑前循环动脉瘤破裂早中期的显微外科手术治疗

目的评价脑前循环动脉瘤破裂早、中期显微外科手术治疗的疗效。方法2001年1月至2004年8月对75例脑前循环动脉瘤破裂的急性自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者应用显微神经外科技术在早期（3d之内）、中期（3～10d）进行手术治疗,以格拉斯哥术后评分量表（GOS）对患者神经功能评分。结果81个动脉瘤,显微手术夹闭77个,包裹4个。恢复良好53例;中度病残,但生活自理9例;重度病残,生活不能自理7例;植物生存3例;死亡3例。HuntⅠ～Ⅲ级的S预后评分明显优于Ⅳ、Ⅴ级患者,时间早期（3d之内）与中期（3～10d）施行手术后的GOS评分无明显差异。结论早、中期显微手术是治疗脑前循环动脉瘤破裂的理想手段。     

Hunt-Hess IV-V级动脉瘤的个体化治疗

目的：探讨Hunt-Hess分级为IV、V级颅内动脉瘤的个体化治疗方法。方法对2010年1月~2012年1月在本院进行治疗的19例（3例死亡）IV、V级颅内动脉瘤患者的治疗方法。根据年龄、动脉瘤部位及其形态、入院时是否脑疝、家属意愿等情况分别进行介入栓塞术或开颅动脉瘤夹闭术,所有手术均在超早期内进行,并根据蛛网膜下腔出血情况予以脑室外引流或腰大池引流术。结果介入治疗组中术中发生动脉瘤破裂并转开颅1例,偏瘫2例,肺部感染9例,出院时生活能完全自理的4例,能部分自理5例,不能自理的7例,死亡3例。结论对Hunt-Hess分级IV、V级患者实施积极的个体化治疗,可增加生存率,改善生存质量。     

颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术86例分析

目的 总结用显微外科治疗颅内动脉瘤的经验。方法 回顾分析近3年来显微外科手术夹闭的86例颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料、手术方法及预后。结果 患者术后恢复良好69例,轻残10例,重残2例,死亡5例（5.8%)。结论 颅内动脉瘤一旦诊断明确,应积极手术以防再次出血。正确预防和处理动脉瘤术中破裂是手术成功的关键。多发动脉瘤应争取1次手术治疗。动脉瘤术后长期血管造影随访,可早期发现新生的动脉瘤。     

脑动脉瘤破裂并颅内血肿形成的诊断和显微外科治疗

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂并颅内血肿形成患者的诊断、手术入路、操作技巧和治疗效果.方法 采用显微外科技术对23例Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ-Ⅴ级的颅内动脉瘤破裂并血肿形成患者实施手术.并对其临床特点、影像学资料等进行回顾性分析.结果 单纯动脉瘤夹闭术4例,动脉瘤夹闭术加去骨瓣减压术18例,动脉瘤栓塞术加去骨瓣减压术1例.术后随访3个月～2年.按Glasgow预后指标分级:其中1级9例,2级8例,3级4例,4级1例,5级1例.结论 此类患者的临床特点、影像学等方面有别于其他类型动脉瘤,采取及时的诊断和恰当的治疗能够取得较好治疗效果.     

显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 总结报道显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床效果。方法 回顾分析89例显微外科手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的手术时机、动脉瘤颈的暴露及夹闭技巧。结果 89例显微外科手术，共夹闭动脉瘤95个。术后症状明显好转，剧烈头痛1～5d内消失；有嗜睡表现的19例术后1周内16例完全清醒；对侧肢体瘫痪的41例中，有35例肌力恢复在Ⅳ级以上，其余6例肌力恢复到Ⅱ～Ⅲ级。动眼神经麻痹7例有4例完全恢复，3例眼裂有不同程度增宽。脑膜刺激征阳性的65例有63例1周内转为阴性。按Glasgow预后指标分级：其中1级65例（73。0％）、2级12例（13.5％）、3级6例（6．7％）、4级3例（3.4％）、5级（即死亡）3例（3．4％）。结论 采用显微外科技术治疗颅内动脉瘤，能精确保护穿支动脉，减少术中动脉瘤破裂及术后脑血管痉挛，明显提高颅内动脉瘤手术的临床疗效。     

前循环动脉瘤破裂并发颅内血肿的超早期显微手术治疗

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂并发颅内血肿的超早期显微手术治疗。方法回顾性分析20例前循环动脉瘤破裂并发颅内血肿患者的临床资料,所有病例术前急诊行脑血管3D-CTA检查,在24小时内行显微外科动脉瘤夹闭手术。结果 20例患者共发现20个破裂动脉瘤,3个未破裂动脉瘤,破裂动脉瘤中前交通动脉瘤6个,颈内后交通动脉瘤8个,大脑中动脉瘤6个,未破裂动脉瘤中颈内后交通动脉瘤1个,脉络膜前动脉瘤1个,前交通动脉瘤1个,直接夹闭破裂动脉瘤和2个未破裂动脉瘤。术后GOS分级5分8例,4分2例,3分3例,2分4例,1分3例。结论前循环动脉瘤破裂并发颅内血肿病情发展迅速,3D-CTA应作为该类患者术前首选检查手段,超早期显微手术清除血肿夹闭动脉瘤能取得较好的效果。     

颅内动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 :总结颅内动脉瘤显微外科治疗经验 ,探讨显微手术技巧。方法 :总结显微外科手术夹闭 2 1例颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料 ,在气管插管全麻及控制性降压下手术 ,手术采用改良Yasargil入路 ,显微镜下直视操作 ,解剖动脉瘤颈 ,稳妥的夹闭动脉瘤蒂 ,必要时实行瘤体切除及瘤颈加固。结果 :2 1例全部行动脉瘤夹闭术。 2例因瘤体巨大在行瘤颈夹闭后行瘤体切除术。术中动脉瘤破裂 3例 ,死亡 1例。治愈率 95 .2 % ,死亡率 4.7%。结论 :显微外科技术对提高颅内动脉瘤手术成功率至关重要。动脉瘤术中破裂出血是手术失败和致死的重要原因。术中采用有效的控制性降压和临时阻断是处理术中动脉瘤破裂出血的重要应急措施。     

Hunt-HessⅣ级颅内动脉瘤的早期血管内治疗

目的 探讨早期血管内栓塞颅内Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级动脉瘤的临床疗效及应用价值。方法 回顾性分析早期血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤16例16个颅内动脉瘤。结果 16例完全栓塞11例，大部分栓塞5例，1例死亡，并发动脉瘤破裂2例、脑血管痉挛3例、脑梗死2例、4例再次栓塞后痊愈。结论 早期血管内栓塞是治疗颅内Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级动脉瘤较理想方法。     

神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效分析

目的探讨神经内镜动脉瘤显微外科手术的适应证、应用方法、操作技巧及注意事项,进一步提高动脉瘤手术的疗效,减少手术并发症,降低病死率和致残率。方法选取2011-06—2014-10间住院的90例颅内动脉瘤患者并随机分成观察组和对照组,每组45例。观察组行神经内镜辅助显微外科手术夹闭动脉瘤,对照组单纯应用显微外科手术治疗,收集2组相关指标,进行比较分析,探讨内镜辅助显微神经外科手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的适应证、技术要点及优势。结果观察组患者的并发症发生率、临床预后及生存质量明显优于对照组,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用神经内镜辅助显微神经外科手术治疗颅内动脉瘤,可显著改善手术靶区的可视范围,并发症少,疗效满意。     

早期显微手术夹闭瘤颈治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血

目的 探讨早期显微手术夹闭瘤颈治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血的方法及临床效果。方法 应用显微手术治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血早期病例92例，其中出血后24h内手术47例，24～48h内手术32例，48～72h内手术13例。术前病情分级（按照Hunt-Hess分级）Ⅰ级7例，Ⅱ级18例，Ⅲ级42例，Ⅳ级23例，Ⅳ级2例。92例患者共有110个动脉瘤，其中前交通动脉瘤48个，颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤32个，大脑中动脉瘤18个，大脑前动脉瘤12个。对患者出院时的治疗效果进行GOS评分。结果 术后恢复良好71例，预后差14例，死亡7例。结论 早期应用显微手术治疗脑动脉瘤出血病人可以获得较满意的临床效果。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂早期血管内栓塞与手术治疗的探讨

目的　探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂早期血管内栓塞与显微手术的效果。方法　 160例颅内动脉瘤破裂在 3d内早期经血管内栓塞和显微手术得到治疗 ,其中 114例经血管内栓塞 ,46例显微手术。结果　 114例血管内治疗 ,78例完全闭塞 ,2 1例闭塞 95 % ,10例闭塞 90 % ,5例闭塞 85 %。出院时优 83例 ,良 19例 ,差 1例 ,死亡 11例。显微手术 46例 ,术后 2周行DSA检查证实动脉瘤全部夹闭。出院时 ,优 2 4例 ,良 10例 ,差 4例 ,植物生存 2例 ,死亡 6例。结论　颅内动脉瘤早期治疗 ,是杜绝再次出血的危险 ,有利于脑血管痉挛的防治 ,降低致残率和死亡率。     

颅内动脉瘤438例显微手术分析

目的 总结438例患者的508个动脉瘤的显微手术治疗经验.方法 回顾性总结分析438例患者的临床资料,包括围手术期处理、手术时机、术中处理要点、动脉瘤分级.结果 共476个动脉瘤显微手术治疗成功,其中直接瘤颈夹闭450个,包裹14个,孤立8个,切除动脉瘤4个.术中动脉瘤破裂32个(6.72%).术前Hunt-Hess分级与手术死亡率正相关.延期(≥7 d)手术患者病死率(4.28%),明显低于早期手术病死率.结论 正确的显微外科手术入路治疗颅内动脉瘤是一个十分有效的治疗手段.术前Hunt-Hess分级越高,病死率越高.     

Microsurgery for intracranial aneurysm:analysis of 438 cases

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience of surgical therapy in a series of 438 patients with intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 438 patients, in terms of the perioperative management, timing of surgery, surgical skills, and The HUNT-HESS grade. RESULTS: 438 patients with 476 aneurysms underwent microsurgery, in which 450 aneurysms were clipped, 14 were wrapped, 8 were isolated,4 were cut. 32 aneurysms were ruptured (6.72%) during the operation. The relation between Hunt-Hess scale and mortality is significant postpone operation (> or =7 d) has got a better curative effect than the early. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical treatment is a confirmed effective method with intracranial aneurysms. The higher of HUNT-HESS grade will result to the worse clinical outcome.     

Cooperative study of ruptured vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms in the Tohoku district in Japan

A multicenter study investigated the clinical characteristics and overall outcome of 342 cases of ruptured vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms among 6783 ruptured intracranial berry aneurysms in 73 hospitals across the Tohoku district in Japan between 1992 and 1996. The incidence of ruptured vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms was less frequent than previously reported. The incidence was 5% among all intracranial berry aneurysms. One hundred eleven patients had aneurysms of the basilar artery bifurcation, 98 had vertebral-posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms, 44 had basilar-superior cerebellar artery aneurysms, and 28 had distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms. Aneurysm clipping was performed in 238 cases (70%), intravascular treatment in 22 (6%), drainage in 22 (6%), and conservative treatment in 60 (18%). Approximately 50% of patients were in good condition at admission. At 3-month follow up, 46% had good recovery, 14% had moderate disability, 10% had severe disability, 4% were vegetative state, and 27% died. Vertebral artery aneurysms showed favorable outcomes compared to basilar artery bifurcation aneurysms. Surgical results in the 238 operated cases were good recovery in 60%, moderate disability in 18%, severe disability in 10%, vegetative state in 2%, and death in 11% of cases. Worse postoperative outcomes were observed in patients with high preoperative Hunt and Kosnik grades or aneurysms larger than 10 mm, and in patients over 70 years of age.     

Surgical indications to maintain quality of life in elderly patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms

OBJECTIVE: We performed a retrospective study to assess long-term outcomes in very old patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The aim of the study was to develop guidelines for choosing surgical or conservative treatment with the goal of maintaining patients' quality of life. METHODS: Between 1996 and 1999, 76 consecutive patients, aged 80 to 89 years, with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were treated at 18 participating centers. They were divided retrospectively into operated and nonoperated groups, and their preoperative characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Their Glasgow Outcome Scale and Barthel Index scores at least 2 years after the insult were recorded and analyzed from the perspective of their admission Hunt and Hess grade. RESULTS: Our retrospective review encompassed 5.9 years. Of the original 76 patients, 54 (71.1%) died, 13 (17.1%) had a good outcome (Barthel Index >or=60), and 9 (11.8%) had a poor outcome (Barthel Index <60). All patients with Hunt and Hess grades of III or higher at admission had poor outcomes irrespective of treatment. Of 32 patients with an initial Hunt and Hess grade of I or II, 19 (59.4%) underwent surgery; 9 of these patients (47.4%) had good outcomes. Conversely, of 13 nonoperated patients (40.6%), only 2 (15.4%) experienced good outcomes. In seven of the nine operated patients with good outcomes, the aneurysm was small (<12 mm) and located at the internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery junction. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that patients in the 9th decade of life with ruptured intracranial aneurysms can be considered for surgical treatment if they have a Hunt and Hess grade of I or II. The highest rate of favorable results was achieved in patients with small internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery aneurysms.     

Therapeutic decision and management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage based on computed tomographic angiography

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of high quality computed tomographic angiography (CTA) to replace digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in cases of ruptured saccular aneurysms and perform early surgical clipping or coiling on the basis of CTA alone. In a prospective study, 100 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) diagnosed by computed tomography underwent CTA. CTA revealed a total of 118 aneurysms including all ruptured aneurysms. A decision of direct surgical clipping, endovascular coiling or therapeutic abstention was made in 89 cases (89%) on the basis of CTA alone. Sixty-one direct surgical procedures were performed after CTA. Twenty-six cases underwent DSA for immediate endovascular treatment of the ruptured aneurysm. In 11 cases (11%), a DSA was performed prior to the therapeutic decision because of unclear aneurysm. Four cases were not treated because of initial poor clinical grade. The surgical findings were compared with CTA data and were considered accurate in all but one case. All patients underwent postoperative DSA within 10 days after SAH. The sensitivity and the specificity of CTA for the detection of all aneurysms, as compared with postoperative DSA, were 95.1 and 100%, respectively. A total of six unruptured aneurysms were missed initially, but were visible retrospectively on CTA in all but one case and were found in patients with multiple aneurysms in whom the ruptured aneurysm was detected by CTA. Current quality CTA allows reliable pretreatment planning for the majority of cases of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and diminishes the pretreatment evaluation time critically. Complementary pretreatment DSA is required in situations where CTA characteristics of the ruptured aneurysm is unsatisfactory.     

Introduction of GDC Embolization in the Clinical Practice as Treatment Synergical to Surgery: Impact on Overall Outcome of Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Summary  The GDC endovascular approach represent an effective alternative to surgery for treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Anyway no data are available about the impact of endovascular embolization with GDC on overall outcome of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. We analyse retrospectively a series of 234 patients admitted for ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Results were then compared with results of three surgical series from the literature.  The 95,7% of patients underwent aneurysm treatment; 56,4% of patients were classified as good recovery, 12,8% presented moderate disability, 10,3% were severely disabled, 3% were in persistent vegetative state and 17,5% were dead. Patients older than 60 years accounted for 37% of all cases and good outcome in this group accounted for 54,7%. Good results were obtained in 90,1%, 61,7% and 22,8% of patients with Hunt-Hess grade I–II, III and IV–V respectively. Finally good outcome was observed in 82,8% of patients with aneurysms of the posterior circulation.  Introduction of GDC embolization in clinical practice contributed to the extension of indication for aneurysm treatment leading to a reduction of overall mortality. GDC utilisation does not affect the overall percentage of patients with good outcome reflecting an increase of severely disabled patients. Endovascular treatment seems an effective theraputic choice in selected grade I–II patients. Results in grade III patients suggest that surgery may be advantageous because of washing and decompression of the basal cisterns while results in grade IV and V patients are unsatisfactory. GDC embolization clearly improves the prognosis of patients with posterior circulation aneurysms and probably is an advantageous theraputic choice in elderly patients.     

颅内动脉瘤显微夹闭手术中破裂出血的预防和处理

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤显微夹闭手术中破裂的预防及处理的技巧和方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年2月～2010年8月55例患者开颅行夹闭术中动脉瘤破裂8例的处理,其中后交通2例,脉络膜前2例,大脑中分叉1例,前交通3例.结果 8例术中破裂动脉瘤均被成功夹闭,其中1例死亡,2例中残,1例重残,余恢复良好.结论 颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中的破裂难以避免,显微手术技巧及综合处理措施能预防或减少术中破裂,有效地改善患者预后.     

Neuroendoscope-assisted minimally invasive microsurgery for clipping intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intracranial aneurysm treatment with the help of the neuroendoscope. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients were treated from February 2000 to November 2003 for intracranial aneurysms of which 89 lesions were clipped with the help of neuroendoscope, including 82 anterior circulation aneurysms (in 81 cases) and 7 posterior circulation aneurysms. The diameters of the aneurysms were between 5 and 40 mm with mean value of 12.5 mm. In the Hunt and Hess preoperative classification, 10 cases were grade 0, 37 cases were grade I, 36 cases were grade II, and 5 cases were grade III. RESULTS: Postoperative complications were observed in 7 cases (7.9%), including hemiplegia in 5 cases (1 case with combination of aphasia), pseudomembranous enteritis in 1 case and optic blur in 1 case. We did not observe any neuroendoscope-related complications and had no postoperative deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The operative efficacy in aneurysm neurosurgery can be improved by the use of the neuroendoscope, especially for minimally invasive microsurgery operation. The neurosurgeon should pay more attention to the training of the endoscope procedure and master more knowledge about endoscopic anatomy.