类风湿关节炎湿热痹阻型患者血清和关节液IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的表达研究

目的检测类风湿关节炎(RA)湿热痹阻型患者血清和关节液中IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的表达水平,分析IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α与炎性活动指标ESR、CRP、DAS28之间的关系,探索细胞因子与RA发生发展的关系。方法采用ELISA法检测RA湿热痹阻型患者外周血血清90例、RA湿热痹阻型患者关节液28例、骨性关节炎患者关节液30例及健康对照组血清30例IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的表达,并常规方法检测ESR、CRP。利用SPSS11.5统计学软件进行统计学分析。结果 RA湿热痹阻型患者外周血血清中IL-1、IL-6及TNF-α表达水平显著高于健康组血清,差异有统计学意义(t=12.25,10.56,8.758;P0.05);RA湿热痹阻型患者关节液中IL-1、IL-6及TNF-α的表达水平显著高于外周血血清,差异有统计学意义(t=4.35,3.09,2.496;P0.05);RA湿热痹阻型患者关节液中IL-1、IL-6及TNF-α表达水平明显高于骨性关节炎关节液,差异有统计学意义(t=3.47,2.46,2.51;P0.05)。RA湿热痹阻型患者外周血血清和关节液中IL-1、IL-6及TNF-α的表达与ESR、CRP、DAS28无相关性(P0.05)。结论 RA湿热痹阻型患者外周血和关节液中IL-1、IL-6及TNF-α的异常升高可能参与了RA的发生发展。     

活动期类风湿关节炎患者血清及关节液白细胞介素-17水平变化及与有关实验室指标的关系

目的:分析类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血和关节液中T辅助细胞17(Thl7)相关细胞因子白介素-17(IL-17)水平,探讨其在RA中的变化特点及与实验室指标的相关性.方法:用ELISA检测50例活动期RA患者血清和其中15例关节液以及30例正常人血清IL-17水平.同时测定RA患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、...     

Th1/Th2失衡对于类风湿性关节炎炎症损伤的临床意义

目的 探讨类风湿性关节炎患者外周血以及关节液中的Th1/Th2失衡对于类风湿性关节炎炎症损伤的意义.方法 采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测42例类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者外周血以及关节液中的IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α以及IFN-γ的表达情况.同时选取我院就诊的35例健康体检人员作为对照组.结果 相比于对照组以及RA患者的外周血,RA患者的关节积液中的IL-2、IL-6以及IL-10、IL-4水平均明显升高;相比于对照组的外周血,RA患者的外周血以及关节积液中的IFN-γ以及TNF-α水平均明显升高;相比于对照组,RA患者关节积液中的IFN-γ/IL-4比例明显升高.抗环瓜氨酸抗体(cyclic citrullinated peptide,CCP)阳性的RA患者关节积液中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ以及TNF-α的表达水平均明显高于CCP阴性的RA患者,以上数据组间比较差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论 Th1/Th2失衡是引起RA炎症性损伤的重要免疫学机制,其诱导的免疫性炎症反应是主要表现,CCP抗体阳性患者的炎性损伤更加严重.     

类风湿关节炎患者血清中IL-27、炎症指标和疾病活动度的相关性分析

目的探讨类风湿关节患者血清中IL-27、炎症指标和疾病活动度的关系。方法选择97例类风湿关节炎患者和43例健康对照者,通过免疫比浊法检测血清中的C反应蛋白、类风湿因子;ELISA试剂盒检测血清IL-27和抗环瓜氨酸抗体(CCP)水平;魏氏法测定红细胞沉降率;用Mann-Whitney秩和检验比较RA患者和健康对照者血清中IL-27的差别,并对服药前后的患者体内的IL-27水平进行比较;对各指标间的关系采取Spearman相关性分析。结果 RA患者的IL-27血清学水平显著高于所有正常对照(P0.001),并且IL-27的水平与RA的疾病活动度相关(r=0.299,P=0.039),经过免疫抑制剂治疗后RA患者血清IL-27水平显著下降(P0.001)。结论 IL-27与CCP、ESR、CRP等指标相关性不大,但与疾病的活动度(DS28)密切相关,因此,IL-27参与了RA的疾病过程,将是一个较好的指示RA疾病活动度的早期指标。     

抗瓜氨酸化肽特异性免疫复合物对类风湿关节滑膜细胞功能影响的研究

目的:研究类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清抗瓜氨酸化肽特异性免疫复合物(ACPA-IC)对RA患者关节成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLS)增殖和分泌细胞因子功能的影响。方法:用PEG沉淀法提取RA患者血清免疫复合物(IC),ELISA法检测IC中ACPA-IC水平。用G蛋白免疫亲和层析法从6份ACPA-IC(+)RA血清、4份ACPA-IC(-)RA血清及10份正常人血清中提取IC。体外培养RA关节FLS;分别用RA ACPA-IC(+)提取物、ACPA-IC(-)提取物及健康人血清IC(C-IC)刺激FLS,用CCK-8(Cell Counting Kit-8)试剂检测FLS增殖情况,液态芯片技术检测不同来源IC刺激对FLS分泌IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-15、IL-17、TNF-α、GM-CSF、EGF、VEGF等11种细胞因子水平的影响。结果:RA患者ACPA-IC(+)提取物能够显著促进FLS增殖,与对照组IC比较,在培养24小时时间里,四种浓度(25、50、75和100μg/ml)的ACPA-IC都能显著促进FLS增殖。RA患者血清ACPA-IC(+)和ACPA-IC(-)提取物刺激FLS 24小时后,可诱导细胞分泌大量IL-6、IL-8和GM-CSF;其中ACPA-IC(+)组刺激FLS分泌GM-CSF和IL-8量均显著高于ACPA-IC(-)组和C-IC组,ACPA-IC(+)组刺激FLS分泌IL-6水平显著高于C-IC组,但与ACPA-IC(-)组无显著性差异。三组间刺激分泌IL-1β、IL-2、IL-10、IL-15、IL-17、TNF-α、EGF、VEGF等其他8种细胞因子含量均无显著性差异。结论:RA患者血清ACPA-IC可促进FLS增殖,并诱导其分泌IL-6、IL-8和GM-CSF等炎性细胞因子,进而进一步诱发滑膜炎症反应及骨质破坏。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者治疗前后血清TNF-α、IL-6和sIL-2R水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨系统性红斑狼疮( SLE)患者治疗前后肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)的水平变化及对免疫功能的影响。方法:采用固相酶标记化学发光免疫分析技术检测40例SLE患者激素治疗前后血清TNF-α、IL-6和sIL-2R水平,应用免疫速率散射比浊法测定免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和补体3(C3)水平。以30例体检正常者作对照。结果:40例SLE患者治疗前活动期血清IgG、TNF-α、IL-6和sIL-2R水平明显高于正常对照组,而C3水平明显低于正常对照组,均P0.01。经激素治疗后(稳定期),SLE患者血清IgG、TNF-α、IL-6和sIL-2R水平显著下降,C3显著升高,均P0.01,但IgG、C3、TNF-α和IL-6水平仍与正常对照组有显著统计学差异(P0.01)。结论:SLE患者TNF-α、IL-6和sIL-2R表达增加,提示SLE的发病过程涉及免疫紊乱和细胞因子失平衡。     

类风湿关节炎患者关节液中HSP72水平变化与疾病活动性及炎症因子水平相关性分析

目的观察类风湿关节炎(RA)患者关节液中热休克蛋白72(HSP72)的水平变化,并对其与疾病活动性相关指标和细胞因子之间的相关性进行分析。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测RA患者和骨关节炎(OA)患者关节液中HSP72、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10的表达水平。结果活动期RA患者关节液中HSP72水平明显高于非活动期RA患者和OA对照组(P<0.01)。活动期RA患者关节液中TNF-α、IL-6的水平均高于非活动期RA患者和OA对照者(P<0.01),关节液中IL-10在各组之间无显著差异。RA患者关节液中HSP72的水平与血沉(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、风湿因子(RF)呈正相关;RA患者关节液中HSP72的水平与关节液中TNF-α、IL-6水平呈正相关。结论关节液中HSP72可能与RA的炎症相关,与RA病情活动有关。     

sFas、 sFasL及细胞因子在类风湿关节炎疾病中的意义

目的研究sFas,sFasL,细胞因子及抗单链DNA抗体与类风湿关节炎(rheumatoidarthritis,RA)致病的关系及意义。方法采用ELISA法检测32名RA患者的血清标本。结果RA患者血清sFas,sFasL,IL-6及IL-8的水平均高于正常对照组。活动期sFasL,IL-6及IL-8的水平显著高于非活动期(P∨0.01),而sFas的水平未见显著差异。在32例RA患者中,有8例sFas和sFasL的水平同时升高,9例抗单链DNA抗体和sFasL同时升高。结论IL-6和IL-8的水平与RA的炎症程度有关。高浓度的sFas和sFasL可抑制Ts细胞对TH细胞的负向调节。由Fas/FasL启动淋巴细胞凋亡产生的核抗原,可致机体产生抗单链DNA抗体。检测sFas,sFasL,IL-6及IL-8有助于对RA的诊断,并可为RA的免疫生物治疗提供依据。     

类风湿关节炎患者血清炎性因子、ANCA水平与血管内皮损伤标志物的相关性分析

目的:探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清炎性因子及抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)水平与血管内皮损伤的相关性。方法:106例RA患者,分为活动组(83例)和缓解组(23例),55例健康人群作为对照,采用ELISA检测各组血清炎性因子白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-17(IL-17)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及血管内皮损伤标志物-血管性血友病因子(vWF)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sI-CAM-1)及血管内皮黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)水平;采用间接免疫荧光法(IIF)检测各组血清ANCA阳性率。比较各组上述指标水平差异,分析两组RA患者炎性因子水平、ANCA阳性率与血管内皮损伤标志物水平的相关性。结果:RA活动组IL-6、TNF-α、vWF、sICAM-1、sVCAM-1血清水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);RA缓解组IL-6、vWF水平均低于RA活动组(P<0.05),但vWF、sVCAM-1水平仍显著高于对照组(P<0.01);RA患者IL-6、IL-1β、IL-17与血管内皮损伤标志物有不同程度的相关性;RA患者活动组ANCA阳性率为32.5%,显著高于对照组(P<0.01);ANCA阳性患者vWF水平高于ANCA阴性患者(P<0.05)。结论:RA活动期患者存在较明显血管内皮损伤,这种损伤与高水平的炎性因子及ANCA阳性表达有关。     

类风湿关节炎患者血清TNF—α、IL—6水平及意义

<正>类风湿关节炎(RA)的主要特点是免疫调节功能紊乱导致关节、肌腱、软骨、韧带的侵蚀性破坏。已有许多文献报告,细胞因子是RA发病过程中的重要介质。为进一步探讨TNF-α、IL-6对RA的影响作用,本文应用ELISA法检测了40例RA病人及40例正常对照血清TNF-α、IL-6水平,现报告如下。     

Evaluation of soluble IL-6 receptor concentration in serum and epithelial lining fluid from patients with interstitial lung diseases.

We measured soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology (IP) (n = 17), sarcoidosis (n = 8) and normal control subjects (n = 10), to investigate its role in pulmonary diseases. Soluble IL-6R was determined by an ELISA. The volume of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in BALF was estimated using an urea method. We found that levels of sIL-6R in serum, BALF, and ELF from patients with IP or sarcoidosis were significantly higher than those from normal subjects. Furthermore, levels of sIL-6R in BALF or ELF were significantly correlated with those of albumin, indicating that sIL-6R, together with albumin, may enter ELF as a result of the increased permeability caused by pulmonary inflammation. Thus most of the sIL-6R in ELF would be from serum, and relatively small amounts of it might be produced locally. However, sIL-6R levels in ELF, but neither serum nor BALF, were significantly correlated with levels of C-reactive protein in patients with IP. These results suggest that both systemic and local production of sIL-6R are increased, and raised sIL-6R is involved in the modulation of systemic and local inflammatory responses in patients with IP and sarcoidosis.     

The significance of soluble IL-2 receptors in rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial pneumonia]

Interstitial pneumonia is well known as one of the complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While interleukin-2 (IL-2) regulates the immune response through IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), the exact role of the soluble form of IL-2R (sIL-2R), recognized as a part of the alpha chain or IL-2R, is still obscure. So, the immunological significance of sIL-2R in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of those of RA patients with or without interstitial pneumonia was studied. The sIL-2R was measured with an ELISA kit (T-Cell Science Ltd). The levels of sIL-2R in the sera of RA patients without interstitial pneumonia were significantly higher than those of normal controls. Furthermore, the levels of sIL-2R showed a statistically significant correlation with ESR and Lansbary's index. The levels of sIL-2R of RA patients with interstitial pneumonia were higher than in those without interstitial pneumonia although the evaluation of class and stage of arthritis in those RA patients with or without interstitial pneumonia revealed no significant difference. A high sIL-2R/albumin ratio in BALF of RA patients with interstitial pneumonia was shown in comparison with those of normal control. These data indicate that the estimation of sIL-2R in RA patients could be useful in estimating the disease activity and that high levels of sIL-2R reflect the active immune response in the lungs of RA patients with interstitial pneumonia.     

Serum interleukin-2-receptor in rheumatoid arthritis: a prognostic indicator of disease activity?

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an important growth factor for T lymphocytes. Its effects are mediated by cell surface receptors (IL-2 R) expressed on activated T cells. Receptor protein can be shed from cell membranes and the soluble form (sIL-2 R) is detectable by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We have studied serial levels of sIL-2 R in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In 13 patients with active disease, the mean serum level of sIL-2 R was raised compared to age-matched healthy controls. In 48 samples taken at different times from 13 patients, serum sIL-2 R correlated significantly with Ritchie joint index, duration of early morning stiffness, patient pain score, physician's assessment, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and platelet count. In individual patients, serial sIL-2 R serum levels fell with treatment preceding clinical improvement. In four patients where serum sIL-2 R levels fell and clinical improvement occurred, subsequent spontaneous increases of serum sIL-2 R level preceded increased clinical disease activity by up to 2 weeks. Serum sIL-2 R level in RA probably reflects activation of underlying immunopathogenic mechanisms and appears to be an excellent monitor of clinical disease activity. More importantly, a rising level may also predict exacerbation of disease activity.     

病毒性心肌炎患者血清sIL-2R、IL-6和IL-8水平变化及临床意义

作者观察了50份柯萨基B组病毒（Cox B）性心肌炎患者血清IL-6、 IL-8和sIL-2R的水平变化,及与病毒血症的关系。发现病毒性心肌炎患者血清的IL-8和IL-6水平均显著高于正常对照组,其中血清Cox B抗原和特异性IgM抗体均阳性组（20例）的IL-8和IL-6含量均明显高于仅检出特异性IgM抗体组（30例）,且IL-8含量升高的程度与检测抗原的阳性强度是显著正相关。然而,两组间及与正常对照组间sIL-2R的含量均无明显差异。认为血清IL-8水平升高是病毒性心肌炎急性期的一个重要指标,并间接反映机体处于病毒血症或病毒抗原血症。     

Long-term follow-up of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in peripheral blood of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Plasma levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-2, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the p60 soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR) were repeatedly determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 35 patients with different subtypes of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) during an observation period of up to 36 months. The data were related to conventional inflammatory parameters and disease activity. Patients with systemic disease showed the most pronounced elevations of plasma cytokines, followed by polyarticular and pauciarticular JRA. Soluble receptors sIL-2R and sTNFR were consistently elevated in patients of all JRA subtypes and indicated disease activity even in patients with normal C-reactive protein (CRP). In contrast, the determination of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-8, and TNF-alpha revealed strikingly different individual profiles in patients of the same clinical subtype of JRA and irrespective of disease activity. It is concluded that the determination of sIL-2R and sTNFR may be relevant for monitoring JRA, as they indicate disease activity also in cases with unaltered conventional inflammatory parameters. The different individual cytokine profiles of patients within identical subtypes of disease suggest JRA to be even more heterogeneous than hitherto assumed. The data should be considered in attempts to develop anticytokine strategies in the therapy of JRA.     

High circulating levels of biologically inactive IL-6/SIL-6 receptor complexes in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: evidence for serum factors interfering with the binding to gp130

We previously demonstrated that high levels of IL-6/sIL-6R complexes are present in sera of patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s-JIA) and that the amount of IL-6 estimated in the IL-6/sIL-6R complexes is markedly higher than that measured by the B9 assay. Here, we show that two additional bioassays, employing human myeloma XG-1 cells and human hepatoma Hep3B cells, detected serum IL-6 levels similar to those measured by the B9 assay and approximately 10-fold lower than the IL-6 levels estimated to be present in the IL-6/sIL-6R complex. Using an assay for the measurement of the amount of circulating IL-6 complexed with the sIL-6R and available for binding to gp130 (gp130 binding activity), we show that the IL-6/gp130 binding activity is similar to that detected by the bioassays and again significantly lower than that estimated to be present in the IL-6/sIL-6R complex. Addition of recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6) to sera of patients or controls results in a markedly lower increase in the gp130 binding activity in patients than in controls. Moreover, sera from s-JIA patients inhibited in a dose dependent manner the gp130 binding activity assay. These results show that sera from patients with s-JIA contain a factor, or factors, that inhibit(s) the binding of the IL-6/sIL-6R complex to gp130. This inhibitory activity does not appear to be due to soluble gp130, C-reactive protein or autoantibodies to IL-6.     

High Serum-Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor is not Associated with the Immunosuppression in Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (DCL) is a rare complication of Leishmania aethiopica -induced cutaneous leishmaniasis which is associated with non-self healing and in vivo and in vitro antigen-specific non-responsiveness. Such antigen-specific unresponsiveness is also observed in visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The non-responsiveness seen in VL disease is believed to be due, in part, to serum-derived factors, including raised serum soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R). Raised sIL-2R in serum was not a consistent feature of DCL in our study (range: 787–4546 U/ml) but was frequently observed in sera of patients with other dermatological disorders (range: 474–3313 U/ml) and some patients with the simple local cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL; range: 556–4247 U/ml). The level of sIL-2R in the sera of DCL patients was not indicative of the disease state. Sera from DCL patients did not reduce proliferation of the IL-2-dependent CTLL cell line nor reduce PHA-driven mononuclear cell proliferation, although sera from VL patients could. Both DCL and VL sera could reduce the L. aethiopica -driven proliferation. Furthermore addition of serial dilutions of recombinant IL-2 to CTLL cultured in VL or DCL sera containing high sIL-2R levels did not alter the effect of such sera on proliferation. We conclude therefore, that raised sIL-2R in serum is not associated with the immunosuppression in DCL.     

Immune Responses to 6 and 30-kDa Mycobacterial Antigens in Rheumatoid Patients, and Vβ Usage by Specific Synovial T-Cell Lines and Fresh T Cells

We have investigated both the humoral and the cellular immune responses of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to mycobacterial antigens. The JRA group was not Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccinated whilst the majority of the RA group was. As determined by immunoblotting, 79% of sera from patients with JRA reacted mainly with a 18.6-kDa protein (P18.6), whilst 70% of sera from patients with RA reacted mainly with a 30-kDa protein (P30) of BCG, M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii. In contrast, only a moderate proportion of the control sera (25% of adult and 20% of children) showed reactivity to P30, and none of the samples had significant reactivity with the P18.6 antigen. Furthermore, T-cell proliferation to the P18.6 and P30 antigens was detected in the majority of JRA and RA patients, and was nearly always higher in synovial fluid (SF) than in the peripheral blood (PB). We also investigated the usage of V beta family genes in P18.6 and P30 antigen-specific T-cell lines established from the SF of one patient with active RA. We showed that V beta 2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -14, -17, -18 and V beta 19 were over-represented compared with other known V beta families. We also noted that the proportion of V beta 14 was higher in freshly isolated SF mononuclear cells compared with the blood in this patient and in 2 out of 4 other RA patients examined. Other V beta families such as V beta 6, V beta 8, V beta 16, V beta 18 and V beta 19 were also over-represented in the SF compared with the blood in some patients. Taken together our results provide more information concerning the role of mycobacterial antigens in RA and suggest that there may be an in vivo clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in the synovium.     

Soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with inflammatory and non inflammatory neurological diseases

IL-6 acts on target cells via the ligand-binding protein interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the affinity-converting and signal-transducing glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) has an agonistic role because the soluble complex (IL-6/sIL-6R) can activate cells that do not express IL-6R and an antagonistic role as it enhances the inhibitory activity of sgp130. Soluble forms of both receptors, sIL-6R and sgp130, regulate the action of IL-6. sIL-6R was measured by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in paired sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 46 patients with inflammatory neurological diseases (IND), 45 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), 13 patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PP-MS), 17 patients with other non inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND) and 13 mentally healthy individuals--healthy controls (HC). Patients with RR-MS had CSF sIL-6R levels comparable to those from patients with IND, but higher than patients with NIND and HC. A positive correlation between the CSF/serum albumin (QAlb) and CSF sIL-6R levels was observed in IND but not in RR-MS patients indicating that CSF sIL-6R levels in IND patients could be influenced by serum sIL-6R and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability properties. RR-MS patients had higher values of [CSF/serum sIL-6R:CSF/serum albumin] (sIL-6R index) than IND patients suggesting that in multiple sclerosis (MS), the increase in CSF sIL-6R could be due to intrathecal synthesis of sIL-6R. The finding of increased CSF sIL-6R concentrations (>979 pg/ml) with sIL-6R index (>4.66), in correlation with positive oligoclonal bands in RR-MS patients, suggests that values of sIL-6R index > 4.66 indicate intrathecal increase of sIL-6R and might be used as an indicator of neuroimmunoregulatory and inflammatory processes in the central nervous system (CNS).