主动脉球囊反搏术在急性心肌梗死合并心脏性休克行冠状动脉支架置入术中的应用

目的探讨主动脉球囊反搏术(IABP)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的应用。方法回顾性分析了72例 AMI 合并心源性休克患者,其中38例在 IABP 辅助支持下行 PCI 术,34例直接行 PCI 术,监测平均动脉压(MBP),心脏指数(CI),同时在入院时 PCI 术前及术后出院前分别测定左心室射血分数(LVEF),左心室收缩未容积(LVESV)、左心室舒张未容积(LVEDV)。结果 IABP 辅助下行 PCI 组较直接 PCI 组 LVEF 有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论对 AMI 合并心源性休克患者,早期及时行 IABP 辅助支持下PCI 术,可以明显改善患者预后。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克治疗中的应用

目的评价主动脉球囊反搏术(IABP)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克治疗中的应用价值。方法选取AMI合并心源性休克患者65例,其中IABP组30例,在IABP支持下行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),对照组35例,单纯行急诊PCI治疗。结果IABP组患者在IABP支持下,30 min后血流动力学指标改善,2~8 h血流动力学稳定,均完成梗死相关血管再通,没有血管再闭塞事件发生,无术中死亡,院内死亡率40%;对照组患者院内死亡率74.3%,其中6例在术中死亡。结论IABP可明显改善AMI合并心源性休克患者的血流动力学指标,增加冠状动脉的灌注;IABP可提高急诊PCI的成功率,减少术后低心排综合征及血管再闭塞事件的发生,降低院内死亡率,明显改善了AMI合并心源性休克患者的预后。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗联合主动脉内球囊反搏的临床疗效分析

目的 对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围术期合并心源性休克(CS)患者联合主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)辅助支持治疗进行临床观察,分析评估与其住院病死率相关的危险因素.方法 58例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊冠状动脉(冠脉)造影和(或)PCI,全部病例围术期因合并心源性休克行不同时期的IABP辅助支持,并对其中54例(93.1%)梗死相关动脉(IRA)植入冠脉支架(64枚).回顾性分析患者的临床特征,冠脉造影,PCI治疗情况和住院期疗效.结果 58例患者平均住院12.3天±9.7天,住院期间39例(64.24%)存活(存活组),19例(32.76%)死亡(死亡组).与存活组比较,死亡组患者年龄增大,左主干和三支血管病变增多,术后IRA血流TIMI 0-1级发生率增高(P＜0.05).结论 IABP为急诊PCI围术期合并心源性休克的AMI患者提供稳定的血流动力学支持,高龄、左主干病变、三支血管病变和IRA未充分开通是住院期病死率的主要危险因素.     

主动脉内球囊反搏对急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克老年患者介入术后炎性因子的影响

目的评价主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克老年患者PCI后炎性因子可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)的影响。方法选择90例AMI合并心源性休克老年患者分为治疗组42例(IABP行PCI)和对照组48例(直接行PCI);分别测定入院时以及第1、7天的sCD40L水平;比较2组PCI术后1周、3个月的LVEF,随访患者术后6个月的主要不良心脏事件。结果治疗组第1、7天的sCD40L水平明显低于对照组[(3.19±0.39)μg/Lvs(3.51±0.42)μg/L,(2.98±0.34)μg/Lvs(3.12±0.41)μg/L,P<0.05];治疗组患者术后1周、3个月的LVEF较对照组明显改善[(36.11±6.31)%vs(30.26±5.48)%,(44.69±5.02)%vs(41.52±4.17)%,P<0.05)];而2组术后6个月的主要不良心脏事件比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 AMI合并心源性休克的老年患者,急诊PCI术前采用IABP辅助支持治疗能明显降低术后sCD40L水平,能有效地改善左心室功能,并且安全有效。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗高龄老年人急性心肌梗死的临床分析

目的探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗80岁以上高龄老年人急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效和安全性。方法86例80岁以上高龄老年AMI患者,入院后直接PCI。观察手术成功率、并发症、住院死亡率和心脏事件,出院前左心室射血分数(LVEF)。结果冠状动脉造影示梗死相关血管(IRA)血流TIMI0～1级,除2例心源性休克患者术中因室颤死亡,其余病例均成功开通IRA,手术成功率97.7%,术后68例血流TIMI3级,16例TIMI2级。26例心功能Killip3级以上者使用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)辅助循环,术后6例因左心功能衰竭死亡。多支病变者除20例3支病变外,均在术后3～7d行非IRA的PCI。仅3.6%发生需输血的出血并发症。住院总死亡率为9.3%,KIillip3级以上者死亡率为30.8%。住院期间无心脏事件发生。生存的78例患者出院前测平均LVEF为43%(26%～62%)。结论对于80岁以上高龄老年人AMI患者,直接PCI是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

主动脉球囊反搏术对急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克患者冠状动脉介入术后C反应蛋白水平的影响

目的:评价急性心肌梗死(AMI) 并发心源性休克患者行急诊介入治疗(PCI)时主动脉球囊反搏术(IABP)对术后C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响.方法:43例在IABP支持下行急诊PCI的并发心源性休克的AMI患者为IABP组,将同期行急诊PCI但没有行IABP支持的合并心源性休克的AMI患者48例设为对照组;入院后分别测定入院时以及第3天、第7天的CRP水平;比较2组PCI术后TnI峰值,术后2周、3个月的左室射血分数,随访患者术后3个月的病死率.结果:2组患者入院时的CRP水平无明显差异,而第3天、第7天的CRP水平IABP组明显低于对照组[(80.3±42.8):(98.9±31.6) mg/L , (70.6±34.3):(85.8±25.8 )mg/L;均P<0.05];IABP组患者术后TNI峰值明显低于对照组[(21.6±4.1):(23.7±4.6)ng/ml, P<0.05],术后2周、3个月的左室射血分数较对照组明显改善[(44.7±7.3)%:(40.5±6.2)%,( 45.1±6.6)%:(40.7±4.4)%;均P<0.05];而IABP组术后3个月内的病死率明显降低(P<0.05).结论:对并发心源性休克的AMI患者行急诊PCI术同时采用IABP支持治疗能明显降低术后CRP水平,并能有效地改善左室功能和降低术后3个月内病死率.     

急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者院内死亡因素分析

目的:分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)手术住院期间死亡的危险因素及死亡原因。方法:438例接受急诊PCI的AMI患者,根据住院期间存活与否,分为死亡组(21例)和存活组(417例),比较两组患者的临床特征和冠状动脉造影及介入治疗结果,分析发生院内死亡的原因及死亡预测因素。结果:死亡组患者中年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、多支闭塞(≥2支)、近段闭塞、梗死相关动脉(IRA)开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级、IRA开通后即刻血压下降与存活组相比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析表明年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、IRA开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级是急诊PCI患者围术期死亡的独立预测因素。死亡原因中,心源性休克8例(38.1%)、恶性心律失常6例(28.6%)分居第1和第2位。结论:年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、IRA开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级是急诊PCI患者围术期死亡的危险因素。心源性休克、恶性心律失常是急诊PCI手术住院期间主要死亡原因。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性心肌梗死合并泵衰竭急诊介入中的辅助治疗

目的　评价在急性心肌梗死 (AMI)合并泵衰竭急诊介入中辅以主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)治疗的安全性及有效性。方法　对 87例合并严重泵衰竭甚或心源性休克的AMI患者行急诊介入治疗。将 2 1例 (2 4% )同时接受IABP辅助治疗的患者设为IABP组 (A组 ) ,另 6 6例 (76 % )设为对照组 (B组 )。比较两组临床特征、冠状动脉造影情况及住院期的临床疗效。结果　年龄、性别、发病初始至导管室时间、心肌梗死部位、冠状动脉病变支数、具体梗死相关动脉 (IRA)及血管重建术前梗死相关动脉血流TIMI分级等指标 ,A、B两组之间无统计学差异。心功能分级 (Killip分级 ) ,A组较B组严重 ;而住院期间 ,A组死亡率及血管再闭塞事件较B组明显降低。结论　对于高危AMI合并泵衰竭 ,尤其心源性休克的患者 ,在行急诊介入时 ,IABP的辅助使用明显降低住院期死亡率 ,减少血管再闭塞率 ,提高手术成功率 ,其远期预后有待进一步随访。     

高龄冠状动脉左主干病变合并心源性休克直接PCI治疗2例并文献复习

目的探讨左主干病变导致急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的高龄（年龄≥75岁）患者在主动脉内球囊反搏（intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP）支持下经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗的可行性。方法回顾性分析2例90岁以上高龄左主干病变合并心源性休克患者在IABP支持下行直接PCI治疗的临床资料并复习相关文献。结果在给予IABP支持下,PCI治疗可恢复灌注以纠正休克,患者血流动力学和神经病学恢复正常,住院期间存活良好。结论在IABP支持下,直接PCI治疗可以拯救高龄患者生命并改善预后,是一种安全有效的临床选择。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克中的应用

目的:探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克中的应用价值。方法:收集88例AMI合并心源性休克患者的临床资料,其中50例行IABP,38例药物治疗,回顾性分析88例患者的治疗效果及安全性。结果:对于AMI并心源性休克患者,应用IABP后可改善血流动力学,使患者的收缩压、心率趋于稳定,左心室射血分数(LVEF)有明显改善,与非IABP组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IABP组住院生存时间优于非IABP组(RR=0.402,95%CI:0.175~0.921,P=0.031)。肢体缺血与出血的发生率2组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:对于AMI合并心源性休克的患者,行IABP辅助循环,可改善血流动力学,改善住院生存时间,且相对安全。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。